Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes

OHADA Actes Uniformes — Legislative Knowledge Graph

Dataset Description

A structured, article-level corpus of all 9 OHADA Actes Uniformes (Uniform Acts) — the harmonized business laws that govern commercial activity across 17 African member states. The dataset contains 3,126 articles organized in a knowledge graph with 19,800 edges capturing the internal structure of the legislation, cross-references between laws, and a bridge layer connecting statutory provisions to court decisions.

This is the legislative layer of the OHADA Legal Knowledge System, designed to sit beneath the OHADA-CCJA Court Decisions Corpus (case law) and the OHADA-CCJA Legal Knowledge Graph (case-level relations). Together, the three datasets form a complete, interlinked legal knowledge base spanning from statutory text to judicial application.

Why This Dataset Matters

Legal AI systems need access to the law itself — not just court decisions. Yet no structured, ML-ready dataset of OHADA legislation has previously existed. Researchers working on legal retrieval, question answering, or reasoning over African law had no way to ground model outputs in the actual statutory text. This dataset addresses that gap by providing:

• The first article-level corpus of all 9 OHADA Uniform Acts, extracted from official Journal Officiel PDFs
• A full legislative graph with internal cross-references between articles, hierarchical structure (Livre → Titre → Chapitre → Article), and cross-Acte citations
• A bridge to case law — 15,380 edges connecting CCJA court decisions to the specific statutory provisions they apply, enabling GraphRAG across the full legal stack
• GraphRAG-ready chunking — each article is a self-contained document with hierarchy metadata, designed for retrieval-augmented generation

The Three-Layer OHADA Legal Knowledge System

Layer	Dataset	Nodes	Edges	Content
Legislation	This dataset	3,176	19,800	Statutory text (Actes Uniformes)
Case Law	ohada-ccja-corpus	—	—	4,059 court decisions (tabular)
Case Graph	ohada-ccja-graph	11,131	33,408	Case-level knowledge graph
Bridge	Included here	—	15,380	Case → applies → Article

Combined: 14,307 nodes and 53,208 edges across the complete system.

Supported Tasks

Task	Description	Relevant Files
Legal Question Answering	Retrieve and reason over statutory provisions	graphrag_corpus.parquet + graph CSVs
GraphRAG	Retrieval-augmented generation grounded in legislation	graphrag_corpus.parquet
Legal Article Retrieval	Given a case or query, find the applicable statutory articles	Bridge edges + article nodes
Cross-Reference Prediction	Predict which articles cite each other	article_references_article.csv
Legislative Structure Classification	Classify articles by Acte Uniforme or legal domain	Article nodes with hierarchy metadata
Statute-to-Case Linking	Connect statutory provisions to judicial interpretations	Bridge edges

Languages

French (fr) — the working language of OHADA.

Dataset Structure

The 9 Actes Uniformes

Code	Full Name	Articles	Adopted	Location
AUSCGIE	Sociétés commerciales et GIE	1,392	2014-01-30	Ouagadougou
AUSCOOP	Sociétés coopératives	397	2010-12-15	Lomé
AUPC	Procédures collectives (Insolvency)	371	2015-09-10	Grand-Bassam
AUDCG	Droit commercial général	307	2010-12-15	Lomé
AUPSRVE	Recouvrement et voies d'exécution	242	1998-04-10	Libreville
AUS	Sûretés (Securities)	228	2010-12-15	Lomé
AUDCIF	Droit comptable et information financière	120	2017-01-26	Brazzaville
AUA	Droit de l'arbitrage	38	2017-11-23	Conakry
AUCTMR	Transport de marchandises par route	31	2003-03-22	Yaoundé

Graph Schema

The graph contains 3,176 nodes across 3 types and 19,800 edges across 4 relation types (plus 15,380 bridge edges to case law).

Node Types

Node Type	Count	Description
Acte Uniforme	9	The 9 harmonized laws
Article	3,126	Individual statutory provisions with full text
Hierarchy	41	Structural divisions (Livre, Titre, Chapitre)

Edge Types

Relation	Source → Target	Count	Description
belongs_to	Article → Acte	3,126	Which Acte Uniforme an article belongs to
references	Article → Article	1,207	Internal cross-references within the same Acte
cross_references	Article → Acte	87	Cross-Acte citations (e.g., insolvency law citing securities law)
case_applies	Case → Article	15,380	Bridge: CCJA decisions citing specific articles

Cross-Acte Reference Highlights

The 87 cross-Acte references reveal how OHADA laws interconnect:

Source Law	Target Law	References	Relationship
Insolvency (AUPC)	Securities (AUS)	18	Insolvency proceedings referencing security interests
Commercial Law (AUDCG)	Securities (AUS)	13	Commercial registration referencing pledge mechanisms
Insolvency (AUPC)	Enforcement (AUPSRVE)	7	Collective proceedings referencing execution procedures
Companies (AUSCGIE)	Securities (AUS)	6	Corporate law referencing share pledge provisions
Securities (AUS)	Enforcement (AUPSRVE)	6	Security realization referencing enforcement procedures

File Structure

ohada-actes-uniformes/
├── nodes/
│   ├── acte_uniforme_nodes.csv       # 9 Actes Uniformes with metadata
│   ├── article_nodes.csv             # 3,126 articles with full text + hierarchy
│   └── hierarchy_nodes.csv           # 41 structural divisions
├── edges/
│   ├── article_belongs_to_acte.csv   # 3,126 edges
│   ├── article_references_article.csv # 1,207 internal cross-references
│   ├── article_cross_references_acte.csv # 87 cross-Acte citations
│   └── case_applies_article.csv      # 15,380 bridge edges to CCJA case law
├── graphrag_corpus.parquet           # 3,126 documents for RAG (article text + metadata)
└── README.md

Data Fields

Article Nodes (article_nodes.csv)

Field	Type	Description
article_id	string	Unique ID (e.g., AUSCGIE-Art4, AUA-Artpremier)
acte_code	string	Parent Acte Uniforme code
article_number	string	Article number within the Acte
text	string	Full text of the article
hierarchy_path	string	Structural position (e.g., Livre 1 > Titre 2 > Chapitre 3)
cross_references	list	Article numbers referenced within the text

GraphRAG Corpus (graphrag_corpus.parquet)

Field	Type	Description
doc_id	string	Same as article_id
acte_code	string	Parent Acte code
acte_name	string	Full name of the Acte Uniforme
hierarchy	string	Structural context for retrieval
text	string	Article text (avg. 620 chars)
cross_refs	list	Referenced article numbers

Corpus statistics: 3,126 documents, ~1.94M characters total, average chunk size 620 characters.

Dataset Creation

Source Data

All 9 Actes Uniformes were extracted from official OHADA Journal Officiel PDFs, sourced from government legal portals:

• Senegal Ministry of Justice (justice.sec.gouv.sn) — AUSCGIE, AUA
• Congo Secrétariat Général du Gouvernement (sgg.cg) — AUDCG, AUPC, AUPSRVE, AUSCOOP
• Jurisprudence-OHADA.com — AUS, AUCTMR, AUDCIF

These are the current (revised) versions of each Acte Uniforme as of 2026.

Extraction Pipeline

1. PDF download: Official Journal Officiel PDFs from government legal portals
2. Text extraction: pdfplumber for text-based PDFs; PyMuPDF + manual transcription for image-based PDFs (AUA)
3. Article parsing: Regex state machine handling two article formats (Art.N.- and Article N), with hierarchy detection (Livre, Titre, Chapitre, Section)
4. Cross-reference extraction: French legal citation patterns parsed from article text (e.g., "conformément à l'article 51", "en application des dispositions de l'article 8-1")
5. Cross-Acte detection: References to other Actes Uniformes identified and linked
6. Case law bridging: Article citations from the OHADA-CCJA graph dataset matched to extracted legislative articles (586 of 669 cited articles resolved — 87.6% coverage)
7. Export: Node/edge CSVs for graph ML + Parquet corpus for GraphRAG

The full pipeline is available as a Colab notebook (link in repository).

Known Limitations

• AUPSRVE article count (242) is lower than the official count (~335) due to two-column PDF layout causing some article boundaries to merge. A future release will address this with improved column detection.
• AUA was extracted from an image-based Journal Officiel PDF requiring manual text verification. All 36 substantive articles (plus Articles 3-1 and 8-1) are included.
• The hierarchy_path field captures structural divisions detected by the parser but may miss some levels in PDFs with irregular formatting.
• Cross-reference extraction uses pattern matching on French legal citation language. Some implicit references (e.g., "l'alinéa précédent") are not captured.

Ethical Considerations

• Public law: All OHADA Actes Uniformes are public legal instruments, freely available through official channels. There are no copyright or access restrictions on the statutory text itself.
• Access to justice: By structuring these laws in a machine-readable format, this dataset contributes to the broader goal of improving access to justice in Francophone Africa.
• No personal data: Legislative text contains no personal information.
• Jurisdictional scope: OHADA Uniform Acts govern business law only. This dataset does not contain criminal law, family law, or constitutional provisions.

Licensing

This dataset is released under CC-BY-4.0. OHADA Actes Uniformes are public legal instruments. The added value of this dataset lies in its article-level structuring, cross-reference extraction, hierarchy annotation, and case law bridging.

Usage

Loading the Graph

import pandas as pd

# Load nodes
articles = pd.read_csv("hf://datasets/Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes/nodes/article_nodes.csv")
actes = pd.read_csv("hf://datasets/Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes/nodes/acte_uniforme_nodes.csv")

# Load edges
refs = pd.read_csv("hf://datasets/Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes/edges/article_references_article.csv")
bridge = pd.read_csv("hf://datasets/Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes/edges/case_applies_article.csv")

print(f"Articles: {len(articles)}, Internal refs: {len(refs)}, Case bridges: {len(bridge)}")

Loading for GraphRAG

import pandas as pd

corpus = pd.read_parquet("hf://datasets/Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes/graphrag_corpus.parquet")
print(f"Documents: {len(corpus)}, Avg length: {corpus['text'].str.len().mean():.0f} chars")

# Example: retrieve articles from a specific Acte
auscgie = corpus[corpus['acte_code'] == 'AUSCGIE']
print(f"AUSCGIE articles: {len(auscgie)}")

Loading into Neo4j

// Import Actes Uniformes
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///acte_uniforme_nodes.csv' AS row
CREATE (:ActeUniforme {
  code: row.acte_code,
  name: row.full_name,
  short_name: row.short_name,
  adopted: date(row.adopted)
});

// Import Articles
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///article_nodes.csv' AS row
CREATE (:Article {
  id: row.article_id,
  acte: row.acte_code,
  number: row.article_number,
  text: row.text,
  hierarchy: row.hierarchy_path
});

// Create belongs_to relationships
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///article_belongs_to_acte.csv' AS row
MATCH (a:Article {id: row.article_id})
MATCH (u:ActeUniforme {code: row.acte_code})
CREATE (a)-[:BELONGS_TO]->(u);

// Create cross-reference relationships
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///article_references_article.csv' AS row
MATCH (a:Article {id: row.source_article_id})
MATCH (b:Article {id: row.target_article_id})
CREATE (a)-[:REFERENCES]->(b);

// Bridge to case law (requires ohada-ccja-graph nodes loaded)
LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'file:///case_applies_article.csv' AS row
MATCH (c:Case {id: row.case_id})
MATCH (a:Article {id: row.article_id})
CREATE (c)-[:APPLIES]->(a);

Loading as PyTorch Geometric HeteroData

import torch
from torch_geometric.data import HeteroData
import pandas as pd

data = HeteroData()

# Load article nodes
articles = pd.read_csv("nodes/article_nodes.csv")
data['article'].num_nodes = len(articles)

# Load edges
refs = pd.read_csv("edges/article_references_article.csv")
# Map article_id to integer indices
id_map = {aid: i for i, aid in enumerate(articles['article_id'])}
src = [id_map[r] for r in refs['source_article_id'] if r in id_map]
dst = [id_map[r] for r in refs['target_article_id'] if r in id_map]
data['article', 'references', 'article'].edge_index = torch.tensor([src, dst])

print(data)

Related Datasets

• OHADA-CCJA Court Decisions Corpus — 4,059 structured court decisions (tabular)
• OHADA-CCJA Legal Knowledge Graph — Case-level heterogeneous graph (11,131 nodes, 33,408 edges)

Together with this legislative dataset, these form the most comprehensive open legal AI resource for Francophone Africa.

Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:

@dataset{ohada_actes_uniformes_2026,
  title={OHADA Actes Uniformes: A Legislative Knowledge Graph for African Legal AI},
  author={Foutse Yuehgoh},
  year={2026},
  publisher={Maathis},
  url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/Maathis-com/ohada-actes-uniformes}
}

Contact

For questions about this dataset, please open an issue on the HuggingFace repository or contact the dataset creator through Maathis.