| --- |
| license: cc-by-sa-4.0 |
| language: |
| - en |
| task_categories: |
| - token-classification |
| - text-classification |
| pretty_name: English Etymology Tagger Dataset |
| dataset_info: |
| features: |
| - name: word |
| dtype: string |
| - name: display_word |
| dtype: string |
| - name: parts_of_speech |
| sequence: string |
| - name: etymology_texts |
| sequence: string |
| - name: pairs |
| list: |
| - name: mechanism |
| dtype: string |
| - name: source_language |
| dtype: string |
| - name: source_code |
| dtype: string |
| - name: source_term |
| dtype: string |
| - name: template |
| dtype: string |
| - name: detail |
| dtype: string |
| - name: source_languages |
| sequence: string |
| - name: mechanisms |
| sequence: string |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_examples: 102111 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: etymology_records.jsonl |
| --- |
| |
| # English Etymology Tagger Dataset |
|
|
| A refined dataset of English word etymologies derived from Wiktionary entries via machine-readable JSONL from [Kaikki](https://kaikki.org/). |
|
|
| ## Dataset Statistics |
|
|
| ### 1. Data Pipeline & Volume |
| - **Original Source**: 1,465,676 English entries (total lines in the Kaikki English JSONL). |
| - **Extracted Datapoints**: 102,111 entries (words containing etymological templates parsed by `wiktextract`). |
|
|
| ### 2. Source Language Distribution (Top 10) |
| Based on the relevant datapoints ($N = 102,111$): |
|
|
| | Language | Frequency | Percentage | |
| | :--- | :--- | :--- | |
| | **Latin** (consolidated) | 23,728 | 23.24% | |
| | **English** (consolidated) | 20,974 | 20.54% | |
| | **French** (consolidated) | 16,694 | 16.35% | |
| | **Greek** (consolidated) | 10,074 | 9.87% | |
| | **German** (consolidated) | 7,300 | 7.15% | |
| | **Chinese** (consolidated) | 5,017 | 4.91% | |
| | **Italian** | 4,729 | 4.63% | |
| | **Proto-Germanic** (consolidated) | 4,692 | 4.59% | |
| | **Spanish** | 4,628 | 4.53% | |
| | **Proto-Indo-European** | 4,097 | 4.01% | |
| | ... | ... | ... | |
| | **Other** (all languages < 1%) | 30,339 | 29.71% | |
|
|
| ### 3. Entry Mechanism Distribution |
| Based on the extracted datapoints ($N = 102,111$). The dataset categorizes origins into four primary mechanisms: |
| - **borrowed**: Words taken directly from another language (e.g., *sushi* from Japanese). |
| - **derived**: Words formed by morphological derivation from another language's roots. |
| - **inherited**: Words passed down continuously from an ancestor language (e.g., from Old English to Modern English). |
| - **calqued**: Word-for-word translations of phrases or compound words from another language (e.g., *skyscraper* translated into French as *gratte-ciel*). |
|
|
| | Mechanism | Frequency | Percentage | |
| | :--- | :--- | :--- | |
| | **borrowed** | 57,530 | 56.34% | |
| | **derived** | 45,760 | 44.81% | |
| | **inherited** | 18,032 | 17.66% | |
| | **calqued** | 2,231 | 2.18% | |
|
|
| *(Note: Percentages sum to >100% because words can have multiple labels. The "Other" category aggregates hundreds of minority languages.)* |
|
|
| ### Data Processing & Refinement |
|
|
| The data provided in this dataset (`etymology_records.jsonl`) contains the **102,111 parsed records**. The following normalization is applied during the creation of this dataset: |
|
|
| 1. **Linguistic Consolidation**: Common historical and regional variants are mapped to their primary language families to reduce sparsity. The consolidated language families include: **Latin, English, French, German, Greek, Chinese, Dutch, Scots, and Proto-Germanic**. |
| 2. **Exclusions**: Non-etymological labels (e.g., "Translingual") or structurally empty templates are removed. |
|
|
| ## Source |
| The source is English Wiktionary data extracted by Wiktextract and published by [Kaikki](https://kaikki.org/). |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
| Etymology represents the primary paths captured in Wiktionary templates and may not reflect every historical nuance for complex terms. |
|
|
