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PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | D) Molecular Cartography localizing distinct CD45 cells. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | E) Circos plot showing NicheNet predicted ligand-receptor pairs between KCs and LSECs, HSCs and hepatocytes uniquely expressed in the human liver (left) and UMAPs showing normalized expression of indicated chemokines in the human liver (right) and CCR1/Ccr1 in the human and murine NAFLD liver (bottom). ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | F) Zonation of indicated genes in the healthy and steatotic human liver. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | G) UMAP of murine NAFLD (SD and WD) stromal cells (4,025 cells/nuclei) isolated from Figure S5J and re-clustered with scVI (left) and proportions of each cell type in SD- and WD-fed mice (right). ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | H) Top DEGs between cell types. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | I) Mice were fed a western diet (WD) or standard diet (SD) for 36 weeks to induce NAFLD, and Visium analysis was performed. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Analysis is pooled from 1 liver slice from the SD condition and 3 liver slices from the WD condition. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Zonation of Ccl2 fibroblasts and fibroblasts in SD- and WD-fed mice. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | See also Tables S3 and S10. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | We next aimed to investigate the role of CD45 cells in the regulation of LAM location in the healthy versus steatotic liver. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Given the low number of steatotic human samples in our sc/snRNA-seq analysis and the variation between patients, we turned to the murine NASH model to investigate this. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Zooming in on SCs (Figure 6G; Table S10), we identified that there was an increase in fibroblasts in the WD-fed mice. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | There was also a considerable overlap between fibroblasts and HSCs in terms of their gene expression profiles suggesting there may be a differentiation trajectory between the HSCs and the fibroblasts, although this remains to be validated in vivo. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | We also noted a sub-population of fibroblasts expressing Ccl2, a known ligand for CCR2 which is expressed on monocytes recruited to the liver during NAFLD (Remmerie et al., 2020), as well as Cd44 and Vcam1, two genes involved in monocyte recruitment and adhesion (Johnson and Ruffell, 2009; Meerschaert and Furie, 1995). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Both fibroblast populations were enriched in the periportal steatotic regions (Figure 6I), in which we also observe enrichment of the LAMs (Figure 5I). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | We also found high CCL2 and Cd44 expression in human fibroblasts (Table S3), potentially recruiting bile-duct LAMs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Together, this suggests that fibroblasts may play an important role in recruiting LAMs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Having identified a potential role for the mac niche cells in regulating mac subset location, we next sought to determine the involvement of these cells in regulating mac phenotypes. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | To assess the roles of conserved cell-cell interactions in driving mac heterogeneity across species, we performed a differential NicheNet (Browaeys et al., 2019) analysis between the distinct hepatic macs and the CD45 cells present in their respective niches focusing on ligands and receptors conserved in both human and... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This revealed very few specific ligand-receptor pairs for LAMs (Figure S8G; data not shown), hinting that local factors such as metabolites rather than unique cell-cell interactions may drive the LAM phenotype. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Indeed, this would be consistent with the presence of LAM-like cells in multiple tissues including the obese adipose tissue, the brain, the lung, and the heart (Jaitin et al., 2019; Keren-Shaul et al., 2017; Liao et al., 2020; Rizzo et al., 2020). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | In line with this, BM monocytes cultured with acetylated low-density lipoprotein expressed LAM-associated genes (Figure 7A), demonstrating a dominant role for lipids in inducing the LAM phenotype. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Conversely, for KCs, we found multiple ligand-receptor pairs to be conserved between human and mouse (Figures 7B and S8G). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | One of these, an activin receptor-like kinase (ALK1)-bone morphogenic protein (BMP)9/10 circuit between KCs (ALK1; encoded by Acvrl1) and stellate cells (BMP)9/10 encoded by Gdf2/Bmp10 respectively) was found to be conserved in all 7 species and was predicted to control the expression of a number of the conserved KC ge... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | To validate a role for this axis in KCs, we generated Fcgr1-Cre × Acvrl1 mice, eliminating ALK1 specifically from CD64-expressing macs (Scott et al., 2018). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This led to an almost complete loss of VSIG4 KCs (Figures 8D–8F), demonstrating that evolutionarily conserved ALK1 signaling is crucial for KCs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | To determine if ALK1 is required for KC maintenance we generated Clec4f-Cre × Acvrl1 mice, eliminating ALK1 only from differentiated KCs (Scott et al., 2018). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This revealed a relatively similar phenotype than observed in the Fcgr1-Cre mice, suggesting that ALK1 is also required for KC maintenance (Figure S8I). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | To directly test the need for ALK1 in KC development, we generated BM chimeras whereby CD45.1 Clec4f-Dtr mice were irradiated with their livers shielded to avoid any radio damage. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | These mice were then reconstituted with either CD45.2 Acvrl1 or Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl1 BM. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | 4 weeks later, mice were given a single i.p. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | injection of DT to deplete the KCs and 7 or 13 days thereafter chimerism within the KC population was determined (Figure 7G). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | We observed that, already by day 7, KO BM-derived cells were almost completely outcompeted by WT BM-derived cells within the KC pool. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This was not observed in monocytes but a similar pattern was observed in VSIG4 macs demonstrating that ALK1 is critically required for early KC development (Figure 7H). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Finally, while NicheNet predicts that BMP9/10 from stellate cells would signal through ALK1 to induce KC development and maintenance, a prediction in line with our previous NicheNet analysis (Bonnardel et al., 2019), another recent study has suggested that transforming growth factor (TGF)β signaling would be important ... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This prediction was made on the basis of SMAD4 signaling, which is a common downstream effector of both TGF-β Receptor and ALK1-induced signaling. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | As TGF-β was also found to participate in an ALK1-TGF-β receptor containing signaling complex (Goumans et al., 2003), we thus examined whether TGF-β signaling is important for KCs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | To this end we utilized an ALK1-Fc trap or TGF-β type II receptor (TGFβRII)-Fc trap alongside appropriate isotype controls. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | ALK1-Fc selectively sequesters BMP9/10 (Desroches-Castan et al., 2021), while TGFβRII-Fc selectively interferes with TGF-β1/TGF-β3 receptor binding (Komesli et al., 2017). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Clec4f-Dtr mice were depleted of KCs and simultaneously treated with either receptor-Fc traps or isotype controls and KC development was examined 7 days later (Figure 7I). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | In line with the chimera study, treatment with ALK1-Fc significantly abrogated KC development; however, blocking TGFβ signaling had only a minor effect on the proportion of VSIG4 macs (Figure 7J). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Altogether this validates the NicheNet prediction and demonstrates that the evolutionarily conserved ALK1-BMP9/10 axis is crucial for the development and maintenance of KCs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Figure 7ALK1-BMP9/10 axis regulates KC development(A) Mouse BM monocytes were cultured in the presence of CSF1 and indicated concentrations of human ac-LDL, prior to analyzed for expression of indicated genes by qPCR. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Data are pooled from 2 experiments. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test compared with 0 ng/mL.(B) NicheNet circos plot highlighting conserved ligand-receptor pairs and induced target genes between KCs and indicated niche cells in human and mouse.(C) Feature plots showing expression of ALK1 (Acvrl1) in human myeloid cells (left) and GDF2/BMP10 in CD45... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Data are pooled from 3 independent experiments with n = 9 per group. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Student’s t test.(F) Expression of indicated markers in livers of Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl1 or Acvrl1 or Acvrl1 control mice by confocal microscopy. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Scale bars, 50 μm. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Images are representative of 2 mice per group.(G) Schematic of chimera experiment setup.(H) % chimerism normalized to levels in blood Ly6C monocytes in Clec4f-Dtr mice 7 or 13 days after DT administration following partial irradiation and receiving either Acvrl or Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl BM 4 weeks earlier. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Data are pooled from 2 independent experiments with n = 10–12 mice per group.(I) Schematic of Fc trap experiment setup.(J) Representative FACS plots showing VSIG4 and CLEC2 expression by total macs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Numbers represent % of total mac population in the indicated gate (left) and % of VSIG4 and VSIG4 macs among total CD45 cells in the different treatment conditions. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | See also Figure S8. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | ALK1-BMP9/10 axis regulates KC development (A) Mouse BM monocytes were cultured in the presence of CSF1 and indicated concentrations of human ac-LDL, prior to analyzed for expression of indicated genes by qPCR. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Data are pooled from 2 experiments. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test compared with 0 ng/mL. (B) NicheNet circos plot highlighting conserved ligand-receptor pairs and induced target genes between KCs and indicated niche cells in human and mouse. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | C) Feature plots showing expression of ALK1 (Acvrl1) in human myeloid cells (left) and GDF2/BMP10 in CD45 cells (right). ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | D) Livers were harvested from Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl1 mice or Acvrl1 or Acvrl1 controls and KCs examined (left) and quantified (right) using VSIG4 expression. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | E) Expression of indicated KC markers by mac populations in Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl1 or Acvrl control mice. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Data are pooled from 3 independent experiments with n = 9 per group. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Student’s t test. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | F) Expression of indicated markers in livers of Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl1 or Acvrl1 or Acvrl1 control mice by confocal microscopy. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Scale bars, 50 μm. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Images are representative of 2 mice per group. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | G) Schematic of chimera experiment setup. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | H) % chimerism normalized to levels in blood Ly6C monocytes in Clec4f-Dtr mice 7 or 13 days after DT administration following partial irradiation and receiving either Acvrl or Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl BM 4 weeks earlier. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Data are pooled from 2 independent experiments with n = 10–12 mice per group. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | I) Schematic of Fc trap experiment setup. ( |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | J) Representative FACS plots showing VSIG4 and CLEC2 expression by total macs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Numbers represent % of total mac population in the indicated gate (left) and % of VSIG4 and VSIG4 macs among total CD45 cells in the different treatment conditions. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | See also Figure S8. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | To generate a practical cellular atlas of any human tissue and unravel the cell-cell circuits essential for the identities of cells inhabiting that tissue, four key pieces of information are required: (1) an inventory of all cells present, (2) the location of the different cells within the tissue to identify interactio... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Here, by integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomic and proteomic data, we provide these 4 pieces of information for the liver and uncover evolutionarily conserved microenvironmental circuits controlling the development of hepatic macs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Unraveling the spatial localization of all hepatic cells, we identify LAMs around the bile ducts in the healthy mouse, human, and macaque liver. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | However, when steatosis is present, LAMs are preferentially recruited to the steatotic regions of the liver. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This spatial information at least partially invalidates the hypothesis that LAM identity is specifically induced by fibrotic SCs (Ramachandran et al., 2019). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Rather, our data suggest that LAMs are induced by local lipid exposure. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | We also provide an alignment of the liver atlas across seven species. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This reveals the conserved and unique transcriptomic programs of steady-state KCs and uncovers the spatially restricted and conserved ligand-receptor pairs between KCs and the cells constituting their niche. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Underlining the need to first characterize the healthy tissue before attempting to understand how disease perturbs the cells, we identify the DLL-NOTCH interaction to be an evolutionarily conserved cross-talk between homeostatic LSECs and KCs and therefore not unique to hepatocellular carcinoma or fibrosis, as proposed... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Similarly, we find that FOLR2 expression is not specific to tumor-associated hepatic macs (Sharma et al., 2020) but is expressed by KCs in the healthy mouse and human liver. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Finally, we apply a proteogenomic pipeline starting from broad oligo-conjugated antibody panels for both single-cell and spatial profiling. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This is crucial as transcriptomic profiling does not always correspond with the ability to detect proteins by flow cytometry or microscopy. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | By screening broadly, we identify the best surface markers for the isolation and localization of hepatic macs and their respective niche cells. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | This allows both the validation of the spatial location at the single-cell level, and the efficient screening of transgenic mouse models for the loss of KCs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Characterization of Fcgr1-CrexAcvrl1 mice using our defined panel readily demonstrates the cruciality of the ALK1-BMP9/10 axis in KC development emphasizing that mac-stromal-cell cross-talk goes much further than the exchange of growth factors (Guilliams et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2018). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Moving forward, applying these relatively cheap antibody panels to large patient cohorts or multiple transgenic mouse models should enable any perturbations disturbing liver homeostasis to be efficiently identified. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | The current study has two main limitations. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | First, the analysis of the human liver remains restricted by the number of human patients included (19 patients for the sc/snRNA-seq, 4 patients for Visium, and 15 patients by microscopy). |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | While this study provides markers to cheaply and efficiently screen large patient cohorts allowing this analysis to be extended, given the heterogeneity between patients, multiple studies will need to be integrated in a single analysis if we are to be able to interrogate transcriptomic differences in a particular cell ... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Second, this study highlights that more research will be needed to fully characterize human SCs. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | As we could only retrieve these cells through snRNA-seq this means we have not been able to identify good surface markers through CITE-seq. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Additionally, for small populations of fibroblasts we did not recover enough nuclei to truly probe their heterogeneity. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | Better isolation protocols are required to retrieve and enrich these cells from the human liver in order to run a broad panel of CITE-seq markers to identify the different subsets and their corresponding surface markers. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | REAGENT or RESOURCESOURCEIDENTIFIERAntibodies:Flowcytometry/confocalmicroscopyRat Monoclonal CD102-FITC (3C4)Biolegend105606; RRID: AB_313199Rat Monoclonal CD103-BV750 (M290)BD Biosciences747478; RRID: AB_2872154Rat Monoclonal CD11b-BUV395 (M1/70)BD Biosciences565976; RRID: AB_2721166Rat Monoclonal CD11b-BV605 (M1/70)B... |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | P0C6WPDGFRBResolve Bio. |
PMC8809252 | Spatial proteogenomics reveals distinct and evolutionarily conserved hepatic macrophage niches. | P0D6VLGR5Resolve Bio. |
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