country_en stringlengths 3 18 | status stringclasses 4
values | ages stringlengths 3 190 ⌀ | duration stringlengths 2 239 ⌀ | women bool 2
classes | naturalized stringlengths 27 492 ⌀ | abroad stringlengths 15 531 ⌀ | buyout stringlengths 3 339 ⌀ | upper_age float64 18 60 ⌀ | sources stringlengths 53 667 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Germany | suspended | Military obligation of men by law — up to about age 45 (exact limits not confirmed in the sources found; Wikipedia mentions "all men up to 45" for the exit rule) | New voluntary Wehrdienst — minimum 6 months | false | Naturalized citizens have the same obligations as other Germans (no separate exceptions found in the sources). Since 1 January 2026 the military service modernization law applies: all 18-year-old men must fill in a questionnaire, a mandatory medical examination (Musterung) — starting with men born in 2008. Conscription... | By law men under 45 need Bundeswehr permission to leave Germany for longer than 3 months, but Minister Pistorius suspended this requirement by a directive of 7 April 2026 (the provision of the law remains). | There is no paid buy-out. Conscientious objection (Kriegsdienstverweigerung) is guaranteed by the Basic Law; details of alternative service in the event of a possible Bedarfswehrpflicht were not found in the sources. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/antworten-zum-neuen-wehrdienst-2397476 |
Israel | yes | 18–29 for men by law (women 18–26); reserve — per Wikipedia up to age 40 (article 36A of the law gives a maximum of 54 years for men) | Men 32 months (by law up to 36), women 24 months; for repatriates — shorter depending on age | true | For repatriates (olim) the term depends on age at the time of arrival: 18–19 years — 32 months, 20–21 — 24 months; since 2016 the IDF does not draft repatriates aged 22–26 (they may volunteer); by law those who arrived at 27+ serve 18 months, according to a law firm those from 28 are exempt. Earlier service in a foreig... | Leaving the country by conscripts without Ministry of Defence permission is restricted; the rules for "permanent residents abroad" (toshav hutz) are not disclosed in the sources found — null. | No paid buy-out; the alternative is national service (sherut leumi) mainly for women/exempt groups; details not verified. | 29 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Service_Law https://lawoffice.org.il/en/idf-service-for-immigrants-to-israel/ https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-will-no-longer-draft-immigrants-aged-22-26/ |
Spain | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Australia | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Austria | yes | Military obligation ages 17–50 (up to 65 for officers/specialists); in practice conscription for basic service — up to age 35 (the limit of 35 is not directly confirmed in the sources found) | 6 months (Grundwehrdienst) or 9 months of civilian service (Zivildienst); from 1.01.2027 a "6+1+2" model is planned (6 months + 1 mandatory month of training + 2 months within 10 years), for Zivildienst — a possible extension to 11 months. | false | No special exemptions for naturalized citizens found — the obligation applies to all male citizens. Service in a foreign army may be credited on application, but with no entitlement (decided individually). | Those living abroad must register at the embassy after the age of 17; a medical examination abroad is generally not conducted; on returning to Austria — report to the military office within 3 weeks. For dual citizens international agreements apply (Strasbourg Convention, Hague Protocol, treaties with Switzerland, Argen... | No paid buy-out; civilian alternative — Zivildienst 9 months. | 50 | https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrpflicht_in_Österreich https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/de/themen/gesetze_und_recht/wehrpflicht-und-zivildienst/4/Seite.140166 https://www.oesterreich.gv.at/de/themen/eu_und_international/auslandsoesterreicher/7/Seite.480817 https://exxpress.at/politik/wehrdienst-reform-koalition-einigt-si... |
Azerbaijan | yes | From 18; upper limit of conscription age not stated in the sources found (null) | 18 months, with higher education — 12 months | false | null | Deferment for students at universities abroad until the end of studies; other rules for those living abroad and dual citizens not found in the sources. | No information on paid exemption found (null). | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Azerbaijan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Argentina | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Armenia | yes | 18–27 | 2 years (for those who obtained citizenship after 27 — option of 1.5 years) | false | Those who obtained citizenship after the age of 27 must serve if they have not served in the army of another country: 1.5 years or a payment of 2.5 million drams. Dual citizens who served at least 12 months in the army of another country before obtaining Armenian citizenship are, as a rule, exempt. Persons with only a ... | Separate rules for the diaspora exist (see sources), but the details for those living abroad are not verified. | For those who have not served, ages 27–37: 2 years without a fine; 1 year + 2.5 million AMD; 6 months + 5 million AMD; 1 month + 8 million AMD; or 15 million AMD without service. Naturalized after 27 — 2.5 million AMD instead of service. | 27 | https://www.repatarmenia.org/repatriate/practical-information/legal-status/military-service https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Belgium | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Bulgaria | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Bosnia | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Brazil | selective | From 1 January of the year of the 18th birthday to 31 December of the year of the 45th birthday | Usually 12 months (9–12, may be extended) | false | Special rules for naturalized citizens are not stated in the sources found (null); in practice mostly volunteers serve, 5–10% of those who report are called up. | Rules for registration via consulates are not described in the sources (null). Without a military document one cannot obtain a foreign passport, enter a university or take a job in a state body. | Not specified; sanctions for failing to appear are civil (restrictions in documents), not criminal. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Brazil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
United Kingdom | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Hungary | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Vietnam | selective | null | 2 years | false | null | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service |
Greece | yes | 19–45 | 12 months (9 months in parts of Evros and the islands of the North Aegean) | false | Naturalized citizens (including through the "golden visa") are required to serve, no exemption; age differences for naturalized persons not found. Service of at least 3 months in the army of an allied country of Greece may be credited. | Those permanently residing abroad (at least 11 years, or 7 years of work abroad) receive a deferment, and at age 45 a final exemption. Dual citizenship alone does not exempt. | Buy-out after short service: as of 2026 — from age 40, minimum 20 days of service, 1,500 euros per month (per Wikipedia). | 45 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Greece https://bestcitizens.com/2022/08/22/does-greece-require-mandatory-military-service/ |
Georgia | yes | 18–27 | 12 months (2024 reform; students — a one-month course in summer) | false | null | null | Only a one-time deferment for 1 year for ~3,500 euros; alternative civilian service exists, but is almost undeveloped. | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Georgia |
Denmark | selective | 18–27 (up to 50 in a crisis) | 11 months (Horse Guards — 12, cyber service — 10) | true | No special rules for naturalized persons found (null). | Rules for citizens abroad not found in the sources (null). | No buy-out; the alternative is non-military service (civil protection, aid to developing countries, civil service for objectors). | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Denmark https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service |
Dominican Republic | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Egypt | yes | 18–30 | 12–36 months depending on education, then 9 years in the reserve | false | null | Dual citizenship is a ground for exemption through the consulate (fee 200 USD, temporary exemption up to 30 years, then final). In 2023–2024 an exemption programme for those living abroad for 5,000 USD was in effect. | Only sons (without brothers) are exempt; for those living abroad — a paid settlement (see above). | 30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Egypt https://egyptconsulate.co.uk/consular-services/exemption-from-military-service/ https://www.madamasr.com/en/2023/08/15/news/u/egyptian-nationals-residing-abroad-invited-to-gain-exemptions-for-military-service-for-5000/ |
India | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Indonesia | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Ireland | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Italy | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Kazakhstan | yes | 18–27 | 1 year | false | null | null | No information on paid exemption found (null). | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Canada | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Cyprus | yes | From 1 January of the year of the 18th birthday to 31 December of the year of the 50th birthday (reserve up to 50) | 14 months; alternative civilian service 19 months | false | The obligation also applies to naturalized male citizens residing in Cyprus (per consultants, age at naturalization does not exempt). | Permanent residents abroad are exempt while living outside Cyprus (certificate of permanent residence abroad); at ages 16–26 a permit is required to leave. | No buy-out; alternative civilian service 19 months. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Cyprus https://uglobal.com/qa/until-what-age-does-the-military-service-requirement-apply-to-cyprus-citizens-by-naturalization/ https://cyprusinuk.com/military-service-information/ |
China | selective | null | null | false | null | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Colombia | yes | From age 18 (upper limit not confirmed in the sources) | Minimum 9 months (1–2 years depending on the branch of service) | false | null | null | Those who have not served receive a military card (libreta militar) by paying the cuota de compensación militar (2026): without income 5% of the minimum wage ≈ 87,545 COP; up to 2 minimum wages — 15% ≈ 262,636; 2–4 minimum wages — 25% ≈ 437,726; above 4 minimum wages — 50% ≈ 875,453 COP. Only sons, disabled persons and... | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2026/01/26/libreta-militar-en-2026-costos-exenciones-y-el-proceso-para-obtenerla-en-colombia/ |
Costa Rica | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Kyrgyzstan | yes | Conscription from 18 (per one source 18–25); upper limit by law not confirmed | 1 year of conscript service | false | null | null | Mobilisation reserve for ages 22–40 — 50,000 som + 30-day training; with higher education up to age 30 — 70,000 som. Alternative service with a payment: for family circumstances 18,000, for health 25,000, for religious beliefs 25,000 som + public works (2026 rules). | 25 | https://asia-today.news/31032026/7982/ https://kaktus.media/doc/543836_alternativnaia_slyjba_pravo_ili_obiazannost_vse_chto_nyjno_o_ney_znat.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Latvia | selective | 18–27 | 11 months (there is also an alternative civilian service of 11 months) | false | No special rules for naturalised persons found; the duty applies to male citizens (null for details). | Citizens permanently residing abroad who have declared an address abroad are excluded from conscription until 2027; from 2027 conscription will be extended to diaspora youth (one year after finishing secondary school). | No buy-out; state civil service of 11 months — only for those selected by lot with religious/conscientious objections. | 27 | https://www.mod.gov.lv/en/national-defence-service/national-defence-service-information-diaspora https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/defence/11.06.2026-diaspora-youth-will-be-subject-to-obligatory-defence-service-in-latvia.a651028/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Lithuania | selective | 18–23 (up to 26 — for those who received a deferment for study); priority 18–21 | 9 months | false | No special rules for naturalized persons found (null). | Residing abroad does not exempt automatically: documents for deferment/exemption must be filed; those living abroad for more than 6 months must report their address. Dual citizens are also subject to conscription. | No buy-out; there is a weekend junior-officer training option for students; alternative service is mentioned, details not verified. | 23 | https://www.karys.lt/en/communicate/f.a.q/397 https://www.lithuaniancitizenship.com/military-service-in-lithuania-2026-changes/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Lithuania |
Luxembourg | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Malaysia | selective | 18–25 (random selection among those born after 2007) | 45 days (PLKN 3.0) | true | null | null | No buy-out; evasion by a selected person: up to 6 months in prison, a fine of up to 3,000 RM, or both. | 25 | https://thesmartlocal.my/malaysian-national-service/ https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2025/02/08/attendance-at-plkn-30-compulsory-for-selected-18-year-olds |
Malta | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: no compulsory service. | Not applicable. | Not applicable. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Mexico | selective | registration at 18 (mandatory); exact upper limit for conscription not verified | 1 year of Servicio Militar Nacional (classes, as a rule, on weekends) | false | The law applies to Mexicans by birth and by naturalization; age rules for naturalized persons not verified (null). | null | Selection by lot (lottery); those not drawn get a mark in the military record (cartilla). No paid buy-out (no data). | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Moldova | yes | 18–27 | 12 months | false | null | null | There is an alternative (civilian) service; paid exemption — no data. | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Netherlands | suspended | 17–45 (formally, conscription suspended since 1997) | no (plans include about 6 months of preparation) | true | The military service law formally applies to all citizens, including naturalized ones; since 2020 — to women as well. | null | No (conscription is not carried out). | 45 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Netherlands https://www.anews.com.tr/world/2026/09/12/netherlands-advances-plans-for-selective-military-conscription https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/09/defence-questionnaire-probes-17-year-olds-willingness-to-serve/ |
New Zealand | no | null | null | false | Not applicable: conscription abolished in 1972. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Norway | selective | 19–44 (18 in wartime) | usually 12 months of primary service (Wikipedia gives a total of 19 months) | true | Military obligation applies to all citizens, including naturalized ones; no special exemptions by age at naturalization — no data. | null | A civilian alternative is effectively not needed: only a smaller part of the cohort is called up by selection. | 44 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
UAE | yes | 18–30 | per Wikipedia — up to 3 years for those who did not finish school; for graduates the term is shorter (exact current term not verified) | false | Naturalisation in the UAE is practically unavailable to foreigners; rules not verified. | null | null | 30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Paraguay | yes | 18+ | 1 year (army), 2 years (navy) | false | null | null | The Constitution recognises the right to conscientious objection (civilian alternative). | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Poland | suspended | formally — military qualification at about 19; reserve duty until 50/60 (details not verified) | none in peacetime | false | The suspension applies to all citizens, including naturalised ones. | null | No (no conscription). In 2025–2026 voluntary military training programmes are being expanded. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Portugal | no | null | null | false | Compulsory service was abolished in 2004; only 'National Defence Day' (a one-day event) remains. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Romania | suspended | null | no | false | Service suspended since 2006 for all citizens. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Northern Cyprus | yes | null | null | false | null | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Serbia | suspended | per the draft: 19–27 (per other sources 18–30); those born in 2006 will be called up first | by project: 75 days; civilian alternative ~150–155 days | false | Under the current law, recently naturalised persons are exempt if they have already served in another country or are over 27; also dual citizens who have served in another country. | Under the draft, citizens abroad must serve if they live in a country without active conscription (Wikipedia data, before the law was adopted). | Alternative civilian service ~150–155 days for conscientious objectors; no paid buy-out. | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Serbia https://pravda.rs/srbija/ko-nece-morati-u-vojsku-proverite-da-li-spadate-u-grupu-gradjana-koji-su-oslobodjeni-obaveznog-vojnog-roka-od-75-dana-2026-09-25 https://www.dnevnik.rs/vesti/drustvo/srbija-vraca-obavezni-... |
Singapore | yes | from age 18 | 22–24 months, then reserve fees | false | New citizens (including naturalized) are by law subject to national service; the exact age limit for naturalization not verified. | null | No. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Slovakia | suspended | null | no | false | Compulsory service abolished in peacetime since 2006. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Slovenia | suspended | null | no | false | Compulsory service abolished since 2003. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
United States | suspended | Selective Service registration: 18–25 | no conscription since 1973 | false | All male citizens and immigrants (including permanent residents) aged 18–25 are required to register; a naturalized person over 26 does not register. | Citizens abroad must also register. From 18 December 2026 registration will become automatic (under NDAA FY2026). | No (no conscription). | 25 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_Service_System |
Tajikistan | yes | 18–27 | 2 years (per Wikipedia) | false | null | null | null | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Thailand | selective | registration at 17–18, lottery from age 21 | from 6 months to 2 years (depends on education and voluntary appearance) | false | null | null | Lottery; those who completed military training at school (Rakshadindan) are exempt. | 18 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Turkey | yes | 20–41 (duty from 1 January of the year in which one turns 20 until the end of the year in which one turns 41) | 6 months as a private (12 months — reserve officer/sergeant); bedel — ~1 month of training | false | Law No. 7179, art. 43: those who acquired Turkish citizenship in the year they turned 22 or older are considered to have served (fully exempt). Those who served in the army of their former country (with a document) are also exempt. For those naturalised before 22, on request a deferment of up to 2 years from the date o... | Dövizle askerlik: for citizens who have worked abroad for ≥3 years (1095 days) with a residence/work permit; for dual citizens and those born abroad with an indefinite residence permit no length of work is required. The amount = bedelli in euros at the Central Bank rate: 1 Jan–1 Apr 2026 ≈ 6,610 EUR; from April 8,125 E... | Bedelli askerlik (inside the country): 1 Jan–1 Apr 2026 — 333,089.04 TL; 2 Apr–30 Jun — 416,361.30 TL (the base raised from 240,000 to 300,000); 1 Jul–31 Dec 2026 — 472,653.60 TL (300,000 × 1.575512). Paid in a lump sum, plus ~1 month of training. For evaders — a surcharge of ~5,514 TL per month. | 41 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://sadikayabasi.av.tr/blog/oku/sonradan-turk-vatandasliginin-kazanilmasi-halinde-askerlik-hizmeti-2109 https://ayboga.av.tr/bedelli-askerlik-ucreti-guncel/ https://camiahaber.com/2026/04/04/dovizle-askerlik-8-bin-125-euroya-cikti/ https://perspektif.eu/2026/07/... |
Uzbekistan | yes | 18–27 | 12 months | false | null | null | There is a paid 'mobilization conscription reserve' (short training periods instead of compulsory service) — amount not verified. | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Uruguay | no | null | null | false | No compulsory conscription. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Philippines | no | null | null | false | No mandatory conscription, service is voluntary (a return of mandatory ROTC at universities is being discussed). | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Finland | yes | conscription from age 18, deferment until 29; reserve until 50–60 | 165, 255 or 347 days; civilian service 347 days | false | Naturalized men are subject to military service; dual citizens are exempt if they served ≥4 months in another country or lived abroad for 7+ years (until 29). The exact rule on age at naturalization was not verified. | Dual citizens who have lived abroad for 7+ years may be exempt. | Civilian (alternative) service 347 days; no paid buy-out. | 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Finland |
France | suspended | null | no (new voluntary service of ~10 months for ages 18–19 from 2026 — per government statements) | false | Conscription suspended since 1996 for everyone; naturalised young people under 25 must attend the one-day JDC (Journée défense et citoyenneté) — details not verified. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Croatia | yes | 18–27 (up to 30); sent to training in the year of the 19th birthday | 2 months of military training; civilian alternative 3–4 months | false | No special rules for naturalised citizens in the source (null). | Dual citizens who have already served in another country are exempt. | Alternative: 3 months in civil protection or 4 months in local government bodies; no paid buy-out. | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Croatia |
Montenegro | no | null | null | false | Conscription abolished in 2006. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Czechia | suspended | military obligation 18–60 only in wartime/threatened situation | none in peacetime | false | Compulsory service abolished since 2005 in peacetime. | null | null | 60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Chile | selective | registration at age 18 | 12 months (army), longer in the navy/air force | false | null | null | Volunteers are recruited first; a lottery if the quotas are not filled. | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Switzerland | yes | obligation 18–30; recruitment 19–24, basic training up to 25 | 18 or 23 weeks of basic training + 6 training camps of 3 weeks | false | Naturalized persons under 25 are summoned to an orientation day and recruitment; those naturalized at 25–30 are assigned to civil defence instead of the army (one can ask to join the army). Payment of the tax for non-service for naturalized persons — depends on age and canton. | Swiss abroad and dual citizens have special rules (not verified). | Civilian service (alternative); military service exemption tax (Wehrpflichtersatzabgabe) — 3% of annual income, minimum CHF 400, from age 19 to 37 (maximum 11 years). | 30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country https://www.sg.ch/sicherheit/militaer-zivilschutz/militaer_kreiskommando/orientierungstag/doppelbuerger-und-auslandschweizer/militaerdienstpflicht-fuer-neubuerger.html https://www.ch.ch/en/safety-and-justice/military-service-and-civilian-service/military-service-exe... |
Sweden | selective | obligation from age 18 (upper limit not verified) | 9–15 months | true | Conscription resumed in 2017–2018 for men and women, selectively; applies to citizens, including naturalized ones (details not verified). | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Sri Lanka | no | null | null | false | There has never been compulsory service. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Ecuador | no | null | null | false | Service voluntary since 2009. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Estonia | yes | 18–27 | 8 or 11 months | false | null | null | There is an alternative civilian service. | 27 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
South Africa | no | null | null | false | Conscription abolished in 1994. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
South Korea | yes | 18–28 (deferments up to ~30; for those living abroad — up to 37) | 18 months (army), 20 (navy), 21 (air force), 36 (special civilian) | false | Naturalized men are exempt from compulsory service (may serve voluntarily) — per general data, not verified by the source. | Those living abroad can defer service until age 37. | null | 28 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Japan | no | null | null | false | Self-Defense Forces — voluntary since the 1950s. | null | null | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_by_country |
Conscription Rules and Naturalized Citizens (72 countries, 2026)
Does the country have conscription, at what ages and for how long, does it apply to women, to naturalized citizens and to citizens living abroad, and can service be bought out or replaced.
Full page: part of Relocation by the Numbers, with the method and downloads: https://mariascales.com/research/relocation/data/#conscription-rules-2026
Snapshot: collected September–October 2026 (collection dates per table are given under Sources). No updates are promised — this is a dated snapshot.
How it was built. Each table was collected by an AI research session (Claude) from official sources (laws, ministries, insurers, universities) and secondary sources, then verified by a second pass and a human review.
Language. All columns are in English. Numbers in English text use a decimal point and comma thousands separators. Boolean columns use true / false.
Files
| File | Rows | One row = |
|---|---|---|
conscription.csv |
72 | a country |
Sources
National defence laws and official pages, CIA World Factbook, War Resisters International; collected 28.09.2026.
Caveats
naturalized and abroad are free-text readings of the law; upper_age is the last age at which a man can be called up.
License and citation
Data compilation © Maria Atamanova (mariascales), 2026, released under CC BY 4.0. Underlying facts come from the public sources listed per row; cite them where you use them. Please cite as: Atamanova, M. (2026). Conscription Rules and Naturalized Citizens (72 countries, 2026) [Data set]. https://mariascales.com/research/relocation/data/#conscription-rules-2026
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