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METRIC/SI (ENGLISH)
NASA TECHNICAL STANDARD
Office of the NASA Chief Engineer
NASA-STD-6030
Approved: 2021-04-21
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS
FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS
NASA-STD-6030
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DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG
Status Document
Revision
Change
Number
Approval Date Description
Baseline 2021-04-21 Initial Release
NASA-STD-6030
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FOREWORD
This NASA Technical Standard is published by the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) to provide uniform engineering and technical requirements for
processes, procedures, practices, and methods that have been endorsed as standard for NASA
programs and projects, including requirements for selection, application, and design criteria of an
item.
This NASA Technical Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centers
and facilities, and applicable technical requirements may be cited in contract, program, and other
Agency documents. It may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (a Federally Funded
Research and Development Center [FFRDC]), other contractors, recipients of grants and
cooperative agreements, and parties to other agreements only to the extent specified or
referenced in applicable contracts, grants, or agreements.
This NASA Technical Standard defines the minimum set of requirements for additive
manufactured (AM) parts used for NASA crewed spaceflight systems, provides guidance and
recommendations for tailoring this NASA Technical Standard for NASA non-crewed missions,
and covers in-space AM operations.
Requests for information should be submitted via “Feedback” at https://standards.nasa.gov.
Requests for changes to this NASA Technical Standard should be submitted via MSFC Form
4657, Change Request for a NASA Engineering Standard.
Original Signed By April 21, 2021
Ralph R. Roe, Jr. Approval Date
NASA Chief Engineer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
DOCUMENT HISTORY LOG ................................................................................................... 2
FOREWORD................................................................................................................................. 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. 4
LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 7
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... 7
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ 7
SCOPE ............................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 9
1.2 Applicability ....................................................................................................................... 9
1.3 Tailoring ............................................................................................................................ 10
1.4 Summary of Methodology ................................................................................................ 10
1.4.1 Deliverables ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Applicable Technologies ................................................................................................ 107
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................... 18
2.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 18
2.2 Government Documents ................................................................................................... 18
2.3 Non-Government Documents ........................................................................................... 19
2.4 Order of Precedence .......................................................................................................... 21
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, AND DEFINITIONS .................... 21
3.1 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols .......................................................................... 21
3.2 Definitions......................................................................................................................... 23
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................................... 31
4.1 Tailoring of this NASA Technical Standard’s Requirements ........................................... 31
4.2 Additive Manufacturing Control Plan (AMCP) ............................................................... 31
4.2.1 Applicable Documents, AMCP ........................................................................................ 31
4.2.2 Supplier Compliance with the AMCP .............................................................................. 32
4.3 Additive Manufacturing Part Classification ..................................................................... 34
4.4 Quality Assurance ............................................................................................................. 44
4.5 Equipment and Facility Control Plan (EFCP) .................................................................. 45
4.6 Fracture Control ................................................................................................................ 46
4.7 Unplanned Interruptions ................................................................................................... 47
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
SECTION PAGE
4.8 Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) .................................................................................... 47
4.9 In-situ Process Monitoring ................................................................................................ 50
4.10 Repair and Rework ........................................................................................................... 51
4.11 Witness Testing for Statistical Process Control ................................................................ 51
4.12 Serialization ...................................................................................................................... 66
4.13 Digital Thread ................................................................................................................ | 1,024 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | |||||||
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
SECTION PAGE
4.8 Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) .................................................................................... 47
4.9 In-situ Process Monitoring ................................................................................................ 50
4.10 Repair and Rework ........................................................................................................... 51
4.11 Witness Testing for Statistical Process Control ................................................................ 51
4.12 Serialization ...................................................................................................................... 66
4.13 Digital Thread ................................................................................................................... 66
4.14 Production Engineering Record ........................................................................................ 69
4.15 Preproduction Articles ...................................................................................................... 73
4.16 Proof Testing ..................................................................................................................... 74
4.17 Qualification Testing ........................................................................................................ 75
4.18 Part Acceptance ................................................................................................................ 75
5. QUALIFIED MATERIAL PROCESS (QMP) ............................................................ 76
5.1 Process Development ........................................................................................................ 77
5.2 Unique QMPs, Minimum Control Categories .................................................................. 78
5.3 Configuration Management .............................................................................................. 79
5.4 Definition of a Candidate Material Process ...................................................................... 79
5.4.1 Feedstock .......................................................................................................................... 79
5.4.2 Build Process .................................................................................................................... 85
5.4.3 Post-Processing ................................................................................................................. 86
5.4.4 Customized Material Process ............................................................................................ 88
5.5 Qualification of a Candidate Material Process ................................................................. 88
5.5.4 Qualified Material Process Record ................................................................................. 101
5.6 Registration of a Candidate Material Process to an MPS ............................................... 102
5.7 Qualified Material Process Record ................................................................................. 104
MATERIAL PROPERTY SUITE (MPS) .................................................................. 104
6.1 MPS for Class A and B Parts .......................................................................................... 104
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
SECTION PAGE
6.2 Material Properties for Class C Parts .............................................................................. 105
6.3 MPS Approval ................................................................................................................ 106
6.4 Process Control in Material Property Development ....................................................... 107
6.5 Lot Variability Impact on Material Allowables .............................................................. 108
6.6 Used Feedstock Lot Controls .......................................................................................... 110
6.7 Influence Factors ............................................................................................................. 110
6.7.1 Identification and Characterization of Influence Factors ................................................ 111
6.7.2 Influence Factor Effect on Material Allowables ............................................................. 112
6.7.3 Explicit Evaluation of Anisotropy .................................................................................. 112
6.8 Criteria for the Use of External Data in the MPS ........................................................... 113
6.9 Process Control Reference Distribution (PCRD) ........................................................... 114
6.10 PCRD Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 115
6.11 Development of Material Allowables and Design Values .............................................. 116
PART PRODUCTION PLAN (PPP) .......................................................................... 130
7.1 Part-Specific Information................................................................................................ 131
7.2 Part Classification and Associated Rationale ................................................................. 132
7.3 Integrated Structural Integrity Rationale ........................................................................ 133
7.4 AM Part Production Summary........................................................................................ 134
7.4.1 Witness Testing ............................................................................................................... 134
7.4.2 Planned Interruptions ...................................................................................................... 134
7.4.3 Post-Build Operations Requiring Specific Controls ....................................................... 134
7.5 Preproduction Article Requirements ............................................................................... 136
7.6 End Item Data Package (EIDP) Information .................................................................. 136
7.7 Part Production Plan (PPP) Revisions ............................................................................ 137
QUALIFIED PART PROCESS (QPP) ....................................................................... 138
8.1 AM Production Readiness Review (AMRR) .................................................................. 138
8.2 Additive Manufacturing Readiness Review (AMRR) Documentation and Approval ... 140
8.3 Qualified Part Process (QPP): Establishment ................................................................. 140
8.4 Qualified Part Process (QPP): Modifications ................................................................. 141
8.5 Build Execution .............................................................................................................. 142
8.6 Control of Digital Thread for Part Production ................................................................ 142
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX PAGE
A Requirements Compliance Matrix ....................................................................... 143
B Non-crewed and Robotic Mission Tailoring Guidelines ..................................... 183
C References ............................................................................................................ 188
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1 Topical Outline for NASA-STD-6030 ........................................................ | 1,024 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | |||||||
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8.6 Control of Digital Thread for Part Production ................................................................ 142
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX PAGE
A Requirements Compliance Matrix ....................................................................... 143
B Non-crewed and Robotic Mission Tailoring Guidelines ..................................... 183
C References ............................................................................................................ 188
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1 Topical Outline for NASA-STD-6030 ................................................................. 14
2 Key Products and Processes for NASA-STD-6030 ............................................. 15
3 Symbol Legend for Key Products and Processes ................................................. 16
4 AM Part Classification ......................................................................................... 34
5 Creating Electronic Records of Design/Creation of AM Parts ............................ 67
6 Overview of AM Production Activities and Sequence ........................................ 78
7 Fracture Control Classification Logic Diagram (NASA-STD-5019A) ............... 186
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1 Applicable Technologies and Material Types ..................................................... 18
2 Structural Demand, Metallic AM Parts................................................................ 41
3 Structural Demand, Polymeric AM Parts ............................................................ 43
4 Assessment Criteria for Additive Manufacturing Risk ........................................ 44
5 Metals Witness Testing Quantities and Acceptance Results for Independent
Builds ...................................................................................................................
56
6 Polymer Witness Testing Quantities and Acceptance Results for Independent
Builds ...................................................................................................................
58
7 Metals Witness Testing Quantities and Acceptance Results for Continuous
Builds ...................................................................................................................
61
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE PAGE
8 Polymer Witness Testing Quantities and Acceptance Results for Continuous
Builds ...................................................................................................................
63
9 Virgin Powder Feedstock Controls ...................................................................... 80
10 Wire Feedstock Controls ...................................................................................... 81
11 Filament Feedstock Control ................................................................................. 82
12 Liquid Feedstock Controls ................................................................................... 83
13 Minimum Mechanical Property Tests for Metal QMP Builds ............................. 97
14 Minimum Mechanical Property Tests for Metal Sub-QMP and SPC Evaluation
Builds ...................................................................................................................
98
15 Minimum Mechanical Property Tests for Polymeric QMP Builds ...................... 99
16 Minimum Mechanical Property Tests for Polymeric Sub-QMP and SPC
Evaluation Builds .................................................................................................
100
17 Properties and Controls to Register a Candidate Material Process to an MPS .... 102
18 Required Lot Quantities for Lot-Mature Metal MPS Properties ......................... 108
19 Required Lot Quantities for Lot-Mature Polymeric MPS Properties .................. 109
20 Notional Example for Reevaluating PCRDs per Number of Builds .................... 115
21 Required Minimum Coefficient of Variation in Metallic Strength Material
Allowables ...........................................................................................................
118
22 Listing of Requirements that Can and Cannot be Tailored for Class C Part
Characterization; Specifications that Can be Tailored are Denoted “Y” .............
185
23 Applicable AM Technologies and Material Types by Part Class ........................ 187
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ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS
FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS
SCOPE
This NASA Technical Standard is directed toward additive manufacturing (AM) processes used
in the design, fabrication, and testing of space program flight hardware for NASA, including, but
not limited to, crewed, non-crewed, robotic, launch vehicle, lander, and spacecraft
program/project hardware elements. All crewed spaceflight hardware is covered by the
requirements of this document, including vendor-designed, off-the-shelf, and vendor-furnished
items. Guidance and recommendations for tailoring this NASA Technical Standard for NASA
non-crewed missions, such as robotic missions (spacecraft and launch vehicles), are provided in
Appendix B. This NASA Technical Standard is also intended to cover in-space AM operations;
however, significant tailoring of these requirements is expected.
AM parts used in interfacing ground support equipment (GSE) or test equipment are covered by
the requirements of this NASA Technical Standard only to the extent required to prevent damage
to or contamination of spaceflight hardware.
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this NASA Technical Standard is to define the minimum requirements for AM
processes used for spaceflight systems, provide guidance and recommendations for tailoring this
NASA Technical Standard for NASA non-crewed missions, and cover in-space AM operations.
| 1,024 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | |||||||
chunk | NASA-STD-6030 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS | 2021-04-21 | 5281069358c2b06541ae0d396432906eb066e7933957a77ab913b3851d837588 | 2021-04-21_nasa-std-6030-approveddocx:00003 | 3 | . This NASA Technical Standard is also intended to cover in-space AM operations;
however, significant tailoring of these requirements is expected.
AM parts used in interfacing ground support equipment (GSE) or test equipment are covered by
the requirements of this NASA Technical Standard only to the extent required to prevent damage
to or contamination of spaceflight hardware.
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this NASA Technical Standard is to define the minimum requirements for AM
processes used for spaceflight systems, provide guidance and recommendations for tailoring this
NASA Technical Standard for NASA non-crewed missions, and cover in-space AM operations.
1.2 Applicability
This NASA Technical Standard is approved for use by NASA Headquarters and NASA Centers
and facilities, and applicable technical requirements may be cited in contract, program, and other
Agency documents. It may also apply to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (a Federally Funded
Research And Development Center [FFRDC]), other contractors, recipients of grants and
cooperative agreements, and parties to other agreements only to the extent specified or
referenced in applicable contracts, grants, or agreements.
Verifiable requirement statements are designated by the acronym “AMR” (Additive
Manufacturing Requirement), numbered, and indicated by the word “shall”; this NASA
Technical Standard contains 115 requirements. Explanatory or guidance text and rationales for
requirements are indicated in italics beginning in section 4 of this NASA Technical Standard. To
facilitate requirements selection by NASA programs and projects, a Requirements Compliance
Matrix is provided in Appendix A.
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1.3 Tailoring
Refer to section 4.1 in this NASA Technical Standard.
1.4 Summary of Methodology
This NASA Technical Standard provides the policy framework for the development and
production of hardware produced using AM processes. It accommodates requirements from
NASA’s governing design and safety standards and provides necessary controls for the safe
implementation of the technology. It does not dictate other structural design or structural
certification criteria. Figure 1, Topical Outline for NASA-STD-6030; Figure 2, Key Products
and Processes, NASA-STD-6030; and Figure 3, Symbol Legend for Key Products and Processes,
outline and illustrate the key products and processes controlled by this NASA Technical
Standard and, figuratively, how each is related.
Figure 1 summarizes the organization of this NASA Technical Standard. It begins with the
general requirements for an Additive Manufacturing Control Plan (AMCP) to govern the
engineering and production practice. The AMCP always works in parallel with a Quality
Management System (QMS), which provides quality assurance from establishing the
foundational processes through placing the part into service. Under the umbrella of the AMCP
and the QMS, Figure 1 outlines how the requirements of this NASA Technical Standard fit into
two categories: foundational process control and part production control. The foundational
process control requirements for AM processes provide the basis for reliable part design and
production. They include qualification of manufacturing processes, equipment controls,
personnel training, and material property development. The part production control requirements
are typical of aerospace operations and include design and assessment controls, part production
plans (PPPs), preproduction article processes, and relevant production controls.
Figure 2 provides a more detailed view of this outline by illustrating the key products and
processes of this NASA Technical Standard. The symbols used in the figure indicate the type of
product or action (e.g., internal documents, documents requiring approval, databases, or
decisional actions). The legend for these symbols is given in Figure 3. Structured similarly to the
outline in Figure 1, Figure 2 further illustrates the flow of the products and processes through the
general, foundational, and part-production controls. While showing the figurative relationships
of the key products and processes, Figure 2 cannot be read as a serial flow chart, particularly for
the prerequisite foundational controls.
Beginning at the top of Figure 2 with the general requirements, the implementation of the
requirements of this NASA Technical Standard, and any tailoring that may be required, is
documented by the AMCP prepared by the cognizant engineering organization (CEO)
responsible for development and implementation of the AM parts. The AMCP also defines how
the QMS(s) is(are) integrated throughout the process. Key points of QMS integration are
illustrated with a green triangle symbol in Figure 2. The AMCP and the QMS govern the
engineering and quality assurance disciplines, respectively, from start to finish.
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The foundational process control requirements include methodologies for AM process
qualification, control and | 1,024 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | |||||||
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responsible for development and implementation of the AM parts. The AMCP also defines how
the QMS(s) is(are) integrated throughout the process. Key points of QMS integration are
illustrated with a green triangle symbol in Figure 2. The AMCP and the QMS govern the
engineering and quality assurance disciplines, respectively, from start to finish.
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The foundational process control requirements include methodologies for AM process
qualification, control and operation of equipment, personnel training, and the characterization of
AM material performance for material allowables, design values, and statistical process control
(SPC) monitoring. For material process control, the key steps include establishing a Qualified
Material Process (QMP) to ensure a consistent process definition, using a specification to control
the raw material feedstock, evaluating the process capability, and, finally, documenting the
process capability in a configuration-controlled QMP record for each AM machine. The scope
contained in the QMP can scale depending on the classification of the parts (A, B, or C) the CEO
wishes to produce using the QMP, resulting in the hierarchy of QMP-A, QMP-B, or QMP-C. It
is important to note that a QMP record does not contain all aspects of the process development
effort that led to the QMP. The QMP record contains the definition of the final process and
supporting data.
Qualified machines and trained operators are key foundational controls required by this NASA
Technical Standard and are implemented through NASA-STD-6033, Additive Manufacturing
Requirements for Equipment and Facility Control. Although represented independently in Figure
2, they are essential to any successful AM operation; and plans are required to define how
controls are implemented. An Equipment and Facility Control Plan (EFCP), the basic contents of
which are covered in NASA-STD-6033, is developed and maintained by any facility producing
AM parts. The EFCP sets and enforces the requirements for qualification, maintenance, and
calibration activities on AM machines and associated equipment. Associated equipment may
include, but is not limited to, sieve equipment, measuring or calibration instruments, cleaning
tools, and other such apparatus that are influential to continued successful operation of the AM
process. Equipment controls are only as good as the training of the operators. NASA-STD-6033
defines acceptable personnel training protocols to be implemented and tracked through QMS
records.
The requirements governing the development of AM material properties and related guidance are
specified herein and are controlled in the context of a Material Property Suite (MPS). The MPS
concept includes three entities: first, a material property database; second, a subset of that
database used to derive and implement a Process Control Reference Distribution (PCRD) that
provides SPC criteria for witness test evaluation; and third, a maintained set of material
allowables and design values for part design. Integrating simple SPC concepts to monitor the
process and substantiate the integrity of material allowables is a unique aspect of this NASA
Technical Standard required to accommodate the process-sensitive nature of AM.
Once the foundational process controls are established, the process of design and production of
AM parts can occur. The flow of operations required for AM part production, shown in the lower
half of Figure 2, is typical of most aerospace hardware production. Aspects of the process flow
that are unique to AM are described as follows.
When a part is identified as a candidate for AM production, the part design has to be made
compatible with the AM process. This can be non-trivial, and this NASA Technical Standard
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does not prescribe AM design practice—it provides only high-level guidance to caution against
common pitfalls. This NASA Technical Standard influences the design process through policies
regarding fracture control, part qualification, and the use of the MPS for design properties
specific to the AM material product form.
Once a part design and assessment nears maturity, a classification system is used to assess the
risk associated with the part. Parts are classified on their consequence of failure, structural
demand, and AM risk, which accounts for part inspection feasibility and AM build sensitivities.
The part classification is used to communicate part risk consistently and to set commensurate
levels of control. A uniform, standardized classification system is important to enable NASA to
maintain consistent requirements and mitigations for risk both within and across programs using
AM parts.
The requirement to develop a PPP is one aspect of this production flow that may be considered
unique due to the AM process. The PPP documents the rationale for, and the implementation of,
the production methodology | 1,024 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | |||||||
question | NASA-STD-6030 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS | 2021-04-21 | 5281069358c2b06541ae0d396432906eb066e7933957a77ab913b3851d837588 | 0 | 0 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | Q-NASA-STD-6030-00000-93456cda | What exact date (YYYY-MM-DD) is listed as the approval date for NASA-STD-6030? | 2021-04-21_nasa-std-6030-approveddocx:00000 | ||||||
question | NASA-STD-6030 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS | 2021-04-21 | 5281069358c2b06541ae0d396432906eb066e7933957a77ab913b3851d837588 | 1 | 0 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | Q-NASA-STD-6030-00001-b23f9300 | What page number marks the beginning of the "MATERIAL PROPERTY SUITE (MPS)" section in this table of contents? | 2021-04-21_nasa-std-6030-approveddocx:00001 | ||||||
question | NASA-STD-6030 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS | 2021-04-21 | 5281069358c2b06541ae0d396432906eb066e7933957a77ab913b3851d837588 | 2 | 0 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | Q-NASA-STD-6030-00002-f926d1ea | Under what specific condition are additive-manufactured parts used on interfacing ground support or test equipment included within the scope of this NASA Technical Standard? | 2021-04-21_nasa-std-6030-approveddocx:00002 | ||||||
question | NASA-STD-6030 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS | 2021-04-21 | 5281069358c2b06541ae0d396432906eb066e7933957a77ab913b3851d837588 | 3 | 0 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | Q-NASA-STD-6030-00003-0102060f | How many verifiable requirement statements—designated “AMR” and indicated by the word “shall”—does this NASA Technical Standard contain? | 2021-04-21_nasa-std-6030-approveddocx:00003 | ||||||
question | NASA-STD-6030 | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACEFLIGHT SYSTEMS | 2021-04-21 | 5281069358c2b06541ae0d396432906eb066e7933957a77ab913b3851d837588 | 4 | 0 | o200k_base | 1,024 | 128 | -1 | -1 | Q-NASA-STD-6030-00004-d7abc72e | According to the excerpt, the Material Property Suite (MPS) concept is composed of how many distinct entities? | 2021-04-21_nasa-std-6030-approveddocx:00004 |
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