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c000000	Aeolis Palus is a plain between the northern wall of Gale crater and the northern foothills of Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) on Mars. It is located at 4.47°S 137.42°E / -4.47; 137.42. The NASA Mars Science Laboratory mission landed the Curiosity rover on Aeolis Palus in August 2012. Curiosity spent two (Earth) years explo...	Aeolis Palus	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolis_Palus
c000001	On September 26, 2013, NASA scientists reported the Mars Curiosity rover detected "abundant, easily accessible" water (1.5 to 3 weight percent) in soil samples at the Rocknest region of Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater. In addition, NASA reported the rover found two principal soil types: a fine-grained mafic type and a loca...	Aeolis Palus	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolis_Palus
c000002	On December 16, 2014, NASA reported detecting, based on measurements by the Curiosity rover, an unusual increase, then decrease, in the amounts of methane in the atmosphere of the planet Mars; in addition, organic chemicals were detected in powder drilled from a rock by the Curiosity rover. Also, based on deuterium to ...	Aeolis Palus	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolis_Palus
c000003	Akshata Krishnamurthy (born 27 December 1990) is an Indian space systems engineer working as Principal Investigator and Science Phase Lead at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. She is currently working on Mars 2020. She was named to Fortune India's "Most Powerful Women" Krishnamurthy was born on 27 December 1990 in Be...	Akshata Krishnamurthy	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akshata_Krishnamurthy
c000004	At MIT, she was the President of the Graduate Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics (GA^3) student organization and Co-Chair of the MIT India Conference. Krishnamurthy interned at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory as part of the ASTERIA mission while working on her PhD. In April 2021, she and her colleagues receiv...	Akshata Krishnamurthy	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akshata_Krishnamurthy
c000005	Luigi G. Napolitano Award from the International Astronautical Federation for contributions to aerospace science (2017) Dr. Robbin Chapman Excellence Through Adversity Award from the MIT Office of Graduate Education (2018) Amelia Earhart Fellowship by the Zonta International Foundation (July 2018) Emerging Space Leade...	Akshata Krishnamurthy	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akshata_Krishnamurthy
c000006	Allen "Al" Chen is an American aerospace engineer. He was the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Operations Lead on the Mars Science Laboratory mission and the EDL Lead for the Mars 2020 mission. Chen is from Newtown, Pennsylvania, and is a graduate of Lawrenceville School. He is a fan of the Philadelphia Eagles and Phi...	Allen Chen	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Chen
c000007	Chen received a Fully Employed Master of Business Administration (FEMBA) from the UCLA Anderson School of Management in 2007. Allen Chen has worked at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California for his entire career. He joined the Mars Science Laboratory EDL team in 2002. On August 5, 2012, Chen announced...	Allen Chen	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Chen
c000008	Chen narrated the Mars 2020 landing procedures with Guidance and Controls Operations Lead Swati Mohan on February 18, 2021. Chen stated he's excited to be a part of bringing Martian samples back to Earth. He considers his Mars 2020 EDL team to be a second family to him. Nelessen, Adam; Sackier, Chloe; Clark, Ian; Bruga...	Allen Chen	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Chen
c000009	APXS is also an abbreviation for APache eXtenSion tool, an extension for Apache web servers. An alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) is a spectrometer that analyses the chemical element composition of a sample from scattered alpha particles and fluorescent X-rays after a sample is irradiated with alpha particles an...	Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer
c000010	APS/APXS devices will be included on several upcoming missions. Several forms of radiation are used in APXS. They include alpha particles, protons, and X-rays. Alpha particles, protons, and X-rays are emitted during the radioactive decay of unstable atoms. A common source of alpha particles is curium-244. It emits part...	Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer
c000011	Some of the alpha particles are absorbed by the atomic nuclei. The [alpha,proton] process produces protons of a defined energy which are detected. Sodium, magnesium, silicon, aluminium and sulfur can be detected by this method. This method was only used in the Mars Pathfinder APXS. For the Mars Exploration Rovers the p...	Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer
c000012	Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer, for Mars Pathfinder by the Max Planck Institute and the University of Chicago. Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, for Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity (MER-B) Mars Exploration Rovers. Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, for Curiosity (MSL). The principal investigator for Curiosity's APXS i...	Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle_X-ray_spectrometer
c000013	The Bagnold Dunes is a 35-kilometre-long (22 mi) group of dark grey dunes in the Gale Crater on Mars. They are named after Ralph Alger Bagnold, who crossed the Libyan Desert and was one of the first explorers to acquire a deep understanding of the physics behind sand dunes. The dunes migrate around 0.4 metres (1.3 ft) ...	Bagnold Dunes	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagnold_Dunes
c000014	Bathurst Inlet is a rock on the surface of Aeolis Palus, between Peace Vallis and Aeolis Mons ("Mount Sharp"), in Gale crater on the planet Mars. The rock was encountered by the Curiosity rover on the way from Bradbury Landing to Glenelg Intrigue on September 30, 2012 and was named after Bathurst Inlet, a deep inlet l...	Bathurst Inlet (rock)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathurst_Inlet_%28rock%29
c000015	J. "Bob" Balaram (born 28 June 1959) is an Indian-American scientist and engineer currently working for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He is the chief engineer and designer of Ingenuity (project name: Mars 2020 helicopter), the first extraterrestrial aircraft, that was attached underside of car-sized Pe...	Bob Balaram	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Balaram
c000016	In 2012 MiMi Aung was leading then JPL director Charles Elachi on a tour of the Autonomous Systems Division. Looking at the drones demonstrating onboard navigation algorithms in one of the labs, Elachi asked, “ Hey, why don't we do that on Mars?” Engineer Bob Balaram briefed Elachi about feasibility, and a week later E...	Bob Balaram	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Balaram
c000017	J. (Bob) Balaram; Timothy Canham; Courtney Duncan; Matt Golombek; Håvard Fjær Grip; Wayne Johnson; Justin Maki; Amelia Quon; Ryan Stern; David Zhu (2018). "Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator" (PDF). SciTech Forum Conference 8–12 January 2018 Kissimmee, Florida. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (A...	Bob Balaram	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Balaram
c000018	Bradbury Landing is the August 6, 2012, landing site within Gale crater on planet Mars of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover. On August 22, 2012, on what would have been his 92nd birthday, NASA named the site for author Ray Bradbury, who had died on June 5, 2012. The coordinates of the landing site on Ma...	Bradbury Landing	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradbury_Landing
c000019	The landing site contains material washed down from the wall of the crater, which will provide scientists with the opportunity to investigate the rocks that form the bedrock in this area. The landing ellipse also contains a rock type that is very dense, very brightly colored, and unlike any rock type previously investi...	Bradbury Landing	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradbury_Landing
c000020	Two canyons were cut in the mound through the layers containing clay minerals and sulfate salts after deposition of the layers. These canyons expose layers of rock representing tens or hundreds of millions of years of environmental change. Curiosity may be able to investigate these layers in the canyon closest to the l...	Bradbury Landing	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradbury_Landing
c000021	CheMin, short for Chemistry and Mineralogy, is an instrument located in the interior of the Curiosity rover that is exploring the surface of Gale crater on Mars. David Blake, from NASA Ames Research Center, is the Principal Investigator. CheMin identifies and quantifies the minerals present in rocks and soil delivered ...	CheMin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CheMin
c000022	In operation, the collimated X-ray source produces and directs a beam through a transmission sample cell containing powdered material. A CCD (charge-coupled device) imager is positioned on the opposite side of the sample from the source and directly detects X-rays diffracted or fluoresced by the sample. The CCD can mea...	CheMin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CheMin
c000023	Capacity: CheMin is planned to analyze as many as 74 dry samples, but it is capable of analyzing many more because its sample cells can be emptied and reused for additional analyses. Cross-contamination by cell reuse is expected to be less than 5%. CheMin does not have the capability to store previously analyzed sample...	CheMin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CheMin
c000024	CheMin analyzed many rocks. Some contained carbonates in the form of crystalline siderite (FeCO3). One rock contained over 10 % of the mineral. The rocks also were composed of plagioclase with the elements sodium (Na)–, Ca-, and aluminum (Al)–, as well as Ca- and Mg-bearing silicate mineral pyroxene. Other minera...	CheMin	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CheMin
c000025	Chemistry and Camera complex (ChemCam) is a suite of remote sensing instruments on Mars for the Curiosity rover. As the name implies, ChemCam is actually two different instruments combined as one: a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and a Remote Micro Imager (RMI) telescope. The purpose of the LIBS instrument...	Chemistry and Camera complex	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_and_Camera_complex
c000026	Using the same collection optics, the RMI provides context images of the LIBS analysis spots. The RMI resolves 1 mm (0.039 in) objects at 10 m (33 ft) distance, and has a field of view covering 20 cm (7.9 in) at that distance. The RMI has also been used to take images of distant geologic features and landscapes. The Ch...	Chemistry and Camera complex	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_and_Camera_complex
c000027	The Remote Micro-Imager is primarily used to capture high-resolution, black and white images of ChemCam targets for context and documentation. Usually, an image of the target of interest is captured before and after the laser is fired. Often, the laser makes "LIBS pits" that can be visible in the RMI to show where the ...	Chemistry and Camera complex	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_and_Camera_complex
c000028	ChemCam has been used, in conjunction with other instruments of the Curiosity rover, to make advancements in understanding the chemical composition of rocks and soils on Mars. LIBS makes it possible to detect and quantify the major oxides: SiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, TiO2, CaO, Na2O, and K2O of bedrock targets. There are d...	Chemistry and Camera complex	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry_and_Camera_complex
c000029	Cheyava Falls is a rock discovered on Mars in 2024 by NASA's Perseverance rover during its exploration of the Jezero crater. This rock, named after a Grand Canyon waterfall, has drawn significant attention due to its potential as an indicator of ancient life on Mars. The rover's instruments detected organic compounds w...	Cheyava Falls	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyava_Falls
c000030	The "arrowhead-shaped rock" was found at the northern edge of Neretva Vallis area, on 18 July 2024, and is 3.2 by 2 feet (0.98 m × 0.61 m). On 21 July 2024, Perseverance took a sample of the rock that became its 22nd core sample that can be delivered to Earth by a future mission. The rover made a "selfie" with a rock o...	Cheyava Falls	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyava_Falls
c000031	On 10 September 2025, NASA reported a "potential biosignature" finding in Cheyava Falls: organic-carbon–bearing mudstones hosting sub-millimetre nodules and millimetre-scale reaction fronts enriched in ferrous iron phosphate and iron sulfide, consistent with vivianite and greigite, imply low-temperature, post-depositio...	Cheyava Falls	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyava_Falls
c000032	The same organic materials can be produced by non-biological processes which require "hot conditions" like volcanic activity; the rock location suggests that it was underwater, and there is no detected past volcanic activity in that region. Perseverance's SHERLOC, a deep-ultraviolet Raman spectrometer, detected organic...	Cheyava Falls	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyava_Falls
c000033	Bright Angel is roughly 3,500 km from Curiosity's organic detections at Gale crater, so finding comparable organics here suggests organic matter may have been geographically widespread on Mars around 3.5 billion years ago. The carbon is confirmed to be not graphite, but its specific type and origin remain unresolved. P...	Cheyava Falls	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyava_Falls
c000034	According to the first author of an article in Nature, Joel Hurowitz, "labs on Earth could look for ways of achieving the same effects without either biology or high temperatures"; but even if it can be done, the result might fail the Knoll criterion: "to be evidence of life, an observation has to not just be explicabl...	Cheyava Falls	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyava_Falls
c000035	The Columbia Hills are a range of low hills inside Gusev crater on Mars. They were observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit when it landed within the crater in 2004. They were promptly given an unofficial name by NASA since they were the most striking nearby feature on the surface. The hills lie approximately 3 ki...	Columbia Hills (Mars)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Hills_%28Mars%29
c000036	Brown Hill - named after David M. Brown Chawla Hill - named after Kalpana Chawla Clark Hill - named after Laurel Clark Husband Hill - named after Rick Husband McCool Hill - named after William C. McCool Ramon Hill - named after Ilan Ramon With the Spirit rover, scientists found a variety of rock types in the Columbia H...	Columbia Hills (Mars)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Hills_%28Mars%29
c000037	Acid fog is believed to have changed some of the Watchtower rocks. This was in a 200 meter long section of Cumberland Ridge and the Husband Hill summit. Certain places became less crystalline and more amorphous. Acidic water vapor from volcanoes dissolved some minerals forming a gel. When water evaporated a cement...	Columbia Hills (Mars)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Hills_%28Mars%29
c000038	Wishstone contained a great deal of plagioclase, some olivine, and anhydrite (a calcium sulfate). Peace rocks showed sulfur and strong evidence for bound water, so hydrated sulfates are suspected. Watchtower class rocks lack olivine, implying that they may have been altered by water. The Independence class showed so...	Columbia Hills (Mars)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Hills_%28Mars%29
c000039	After Spirit stopped working scientists studied old data from the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) and confirmed the presence of large amounts of carbonate-rich rocks, which means that regions of the planet may have once harbored water. The carbonates were discovered in an outcrop of rocks called "Co...	Columbia Hills (Mars)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Hills_%28Mars%29
c000040	The composition of Mars covers the branch of the geology of Mars that describes the make-up of the planet Mars. Mars is differentiated, which—for a terrestrial planet—implies that it has a central core made up of high density matter (mainly metallic iron and nickel) surrounded by a less dense, silicate mantle and crust...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000041	Much of what we know about the elemental composition of Mars comes from orbiting spacecraft and landers. (See Exploration of Mars for list.) Most of these spacecraft carry spectrometers and other instruments to measure the surface composition of Mars by either remote sensing from orbit or in situ analyses on the surfac...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000042	Hydrogen is present as water (H2O) ice and in hydrated minerals. Carbon occurs as carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and sometimes as dry ice at the poles. An unknown amount of carbon is also stored in carbonates. Molecular nitrogen (N2) makes up 2.7 percent of the atmosphere. As far as we know, organic compounds a...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000043	Mars is fundamentally an igneous planet. Rocks on the surface and in the crust consist predominantly of minerals that crystallize from magma. Most of our current knowledge about the mineral composition of Mars comes from spectroscopic data from orbiting spacecraft, in situ analyses of rocks and soils from six landing s...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000044	The dark areas of Mars are characterised by the mafic rock-forming minerals olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar. These minerals are the primary constituents of basalt, a dark volcanic rock that also makes up the Earth's oceanic crust and the lunar maria. The mineral olivine occurs all over the planet, but some ...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000045	Between 1997 and 2006, the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft mapped the global mineral composition of the planet. TES identified two global-scale volcanic units on Mars. Surface Type 1 (ST1) characterises the Noachian-aged highlands and consists of unaltered plagioclase- a...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000046	Rocks studied by Spirit rover in Gusev crater can be classified in different ways. The amounts and types of minerals make the rocks primitive basalts—also called picritic basalts. The rocks are similar to ancient terrestrial rocks called basaltic komatiites. Rocks of the plains also resemble the basaltic shergottites, ...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000047	In the journal Science from September 2013, researchers described a different type of rock called "Jake M" or "Jake Matijevic (rock),” It was the first rock analyzed by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Curiosity rover, and it was different from other known Martian igneous rocks as it is alkaline ...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000048	Using SAM's mass spectrometer, scientists measured isotopes of helium, neon, and argon that cosmic rays produce as they go through rock. The fewer of these isotopes they find, the more recently the rock has been exposed near the surface. The 4-billion-year-old lakebed rock drilled by Curiosity was uncovered between 30 ...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000049	The samples examined were probably once mud that for millions to tens of millions of years could have hosted living organisms. This wet environment had neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. These types of iron and sulfur could have been used by living organisms. C, H, O, S...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000050	Much of the Martian surface is deeply covered by dust as fine as talcum powder. The global predominance of dust obscures the underlying bedrock, making spectroscopic identification of primary minerals impossible from orbit over many areas of the planet. The red/orange appearance of the dust is caused by iron(III) oxide...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000051	Opaline silica and iron sulphate minerals form in acidic (low pH) solutions. Sulphates have been found in a variety of locations, including near Juventae Chasma, Ius Chasma, Melas Chasma, Candor Chasma, and Ganges Chasma. These sites all contain fluvial landforms indicating that abundant water was once present. Spiri...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000052	While the possibility of carbonates on Mars has been of great interest to astrobiologists and geochemists alike, there was little evidence for significant quantities of carbonate deposits on the surface. In the summer of 2008, the TEGA and WCL experiments on the 2007 Phoenix Mars lander found between 3–5wt% (percent by...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000053	The rocks on the plains of Gusev are a type of basalt. They contain the minerals olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and magnetite, and they look like volcanic basalt as they are fine-grained with irregular holes (geologists would say they have vesicles and vugs). Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of ...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000054	The dust in Gusev Crater is the same as dust all around the planet. All the dust was found to be magnetic. Moreover, Spirit found the magnetism was caused by the mineral magnetite, especially magnetite that contained the element titanium. One magnet was able to completely divert all dust hence all Martian dust is th...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000055	Plain's rocks have been very slightly altered, probably by thin films of water because they are softer and contain veins of light colored material that may be bromine compounds, as well as coatings or rinds. It is thought that small amounts of water may have gotten into cracks inducing mineralization processes). Coati...	Composition of Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_Mars
c000056	Curiosity is a Mars rover that is exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. Launched in 2011 and landed the following year, the car-sized rover continues to operate more than a decade after its original two-year mission. Curiosity was launched from Cape Canav...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000057	In December 2012, Curiosity's two-year mission was extended indefinitely. On August 6, 2022, a detailed overview of accomplishments by the Curiosity rover for the last ten years was reported. The rover is still operational, and as of July 13, 2026, Curiosity has been active on Mars for 4953 sols (5089 total days; 13 ye...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000058	Biological Determine the nature and inventory of organic carbon compounds Investigate the chemical building blocks of life (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur) Identify features that may represent the effects of biological processes (biosignatures and biomolecules) Geological and geochemical Inv...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000059	About one year into the surface mission, and having assessed that ancient Mars could have been hospitable to microbial life, the MSL mission objectives evolved to developing predictive models for the preservation process of organic compounds and biomolecules; a branch of paleontology called taphonomy. The region it is ...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000060	Adjusted for inflation, Curiosity has a life-cycle cost of US$3.2 billion in 2020. By comparison, the 2021 Perseverance rover has a life-cycle cost of US$2.9 billion. Curiosity is 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) long by 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) wide by 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) high, larger than Mars Exploration Rovers, which are 1.5 m (4 ft 11 i...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000061	Curiosity comprised 23% of the mass of the 3,893 kg (8,583 lb) spacecraft at launch. The remaining mass was discarded in the process of transport and landing. Dimensions: Curiosity has a mass of 899 kg (1,982 lb) including 80 kg (180 lb) of scientific instruments. The rover is 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in) long by 2.7 m (8 ft 10 i...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000062	Curiosity's RTG is the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG), designed and built by Rocketdyne and Teledyne Energy Systems under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy, and fueled and tested by the Idaho National Laboratory. Based on legacy RTG technology, it represents a more flexible and comp...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000063	Heat rejection system: The temperatures at the landing site vary seasonally and the thermal system warms the rover as needed. The thermal system does so in several ways: passively, through the dissipation to internal components; by electrical heaters strategically placed on key components; and by using the rover heat r...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000064	The RCE computers use the RAD750 Central processing unit (CPU), which is a successor to the RAD6000 CPU of the Mars Exploration Rovers. The IBM RAD750 CPU, a radiation-hardened version of the PowerPC 750, can execute up to 400 Million instructions per second (MIPS), while the RAD6000 CPU is capable of up to only 35 MIP...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000065	The rover has four processors. One of them is a SPARC processor that runs the rover's thrusters and descent-stage motors as it descended through the Martian atmosphere. Two others are PowerPC processors: the main processor, which handles nearly all of the rover's ground functions, and that processor's backup. The fourt...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000066	Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is the central data distribution hub where selected data products are provided to remote science operations sites as needed. JPL is also the central hub for the uplink process, though participants are distributed at their respective home institutions. At landing, telemetry was monitored ...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000067	Curiosity can roll over obstacles approaching 65 cm (26 in) in height, and it has a ground clearance of 60 cm (24 in). Based on variables including power levels, terrain difficulty, slippage and visibility, the maximum terrain-traverse speed is estimated to be 200 m (660 ft) per day by automatic navigation. The rover l...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000068	According to NASA, an estimated 20,000 to 40,000 heat-resistant bacterial spores were on Curiosity at launch, and as many as 1,000 times that number may not have been counted. Previous NASA Mars rovers became active only after the successful entry, descent and landing on the Martian surface. Curiosity, on the other han...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000069	As of August 16, 2024, the rover had driven 35.5 km (22.1 mi) from its landing site. As of July 13, 2026 it has driven 36.86 km (22.90 mi) from its landing site over 4953 sols (Martian days), and as of January 2025, its elevation had changed over 740 m (2,430 ft) upward. Curiosity has two full sized, vehicle system tes...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000070	The MastCam, Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI), and Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) cameras were developed by Malin Space Science Systems and they all share common design components, such as on-board digital image processing boxes, 1600 × 1200 charge-coupled device (CCDs), and an RGB Bayer pattern filter. In total, the rover c...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000071	Each camera has eight gigabytes of flash memory, which is capable of storing over 5,500 raw images, and can apply real time lossless data compression. The cameras have an autofocus capability that allows them to focus on objects from 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) to infinity. In addition to the fixed RGBG Bayer pattern filter, ea...	Curiosity (rover)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_%28rover%29
c000072	Lady Diana Trujillo Pomerantz (born 1983) is a Colombian-American aerospace engineer at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. She currently leads the engineering team at JPL responsible for the robotic arm of the Perseverance rover. On February 18, 2021, Trujillo hosted the first ever Spanish-language NASA transmission o...	Diana Trujillo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Trujillo
c000073	Trujillo enrolled initially at the University of Florida to pursue studies in aerospace engineering, inspired by a magazine article about the role of women working on aerospace missions and having self-confidence in her strong mathematical skills. While studying at the university, she decided to apply for the NASA Acad...	Diana Trujillo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Trujillo
c000074	Trujillo joined NASA in 2007, working at Goddard Space Flight Center on the Constellation program and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory on human and robotic space missions. She has served many roles, including Surface Sampling System Activity Lead and Dust Removal Tool Lead Systems Engineer. She was responsible for ensurin...	Diana Trujillo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Trujillo
c000075	Trujillo worked as flight director on the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover robotic arm and in February 2021, she hosted NASA's first Spanish-language planetary landing show. She has been involved in several initiatives to inspire young women from Latin America and African-American women to pursue a career in science and en...	Diana Trujillo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Trujillo
c000076	2021 Awarded the rank of Commander (Comendador) in the Order of Boyaca, the highest honor that can be awarded to Colombian citizens for exceptional service to Colombia 2021 Awarded by the Congress of Colombia the order of merit Policarpa Salavarrieta on March 8, 2021. 2019 City of STEM Icon Award. 2017 Named one of Los...	Diana Trujillo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Trujillo
c000077	The Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument is an experiment mounted on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover. It is a pulsed sealed-tube neutron source and detector used to measure hydrogen or ice and water at or near the Martian surface. The instrument consists of the detector element (DE) and a 14.1 MeV...	Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Albedo_of_Neutrons
c000078	On August 19, 2015, NASA scientists reported that the DAN instrument on Curiosity detected an unusual hydrogen-rich area, at "Marias Pass," on Mars. The hydrogen found seemed related to water or hydroxyl ions in rocks within 3 feet (0.91 m) beneath the rover, according to the scientists.	Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Albedo_of_Neutrons
c000079	Eberswalde, previously known as Holden NE, is a partially buried impact crater in Margaritifer Terra, Mars. Eberswalde crater lies just to the north of Holden, a large crater that may have been a lake. The 65.3-km-diameter crater, centered at 24°S, 33°W, is named after the German town of the same name, in accordance w...	Eberswalde (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberswalde_%28crater%29
c000080	Several sites in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle have been proposed as areas to send NASA's major Mars rover, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). Eberswalde was shortlisted as one of the final four proposed landing sites for the Curiosity rover, part of the MSL mission. It was voted a close second after Gale crater by...	Eberswalde (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberswalde_%28crater%29
c000081	Many craters once contained lakes. The delta in Eberswalde Crater is strong evidence that a lake once existed here. Based on an estimate by Moore et al. in 2003 of flow volume to the crater at 700 m3/s, it is estimated that it would take twenty years to completely fill the crater, ignoring evaporation and infiltration...	Eberswalde (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberswalde_%28crater%29
c000082	Experience Curiosity is an interactive web application developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to celebrate the third anniversary of the Curiosity rover landing on Mars. This 3D serious game makes it possible to operate the rover, control its cameras and the robotic arm and reproduces some of the prominent events...	Experience Curiosity	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_Curiosity
c000083	Gale is a crater, and probable dry lake, at 5.4°S 137.8°E / -5.4; 137.8 in the northwestern part of the Aeolis quadrangle on Mars. It is 154 km (96 mi) in diameter and estimated to be about 3.5–3.8 billion years old. The crater was named after Walter Frederick Gale, an amateur astronomer from Sydney, Australia, who ob...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000084	Gale, named for Walter F. Gale (1865–1945), an amateur astronomer from Australia, spans 154 km (96 mi) in diameter and holds a mountain, Aeolis Mons (informally named "Mount Sharp" to pay tribute to geologist Robert P. Sharp) rising 18,000 ft (5,500 m) from the crater floor, higher than Mount Rainier rises above Seattl...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000085	At 10:32 p.m. PDT on August 5, 2012 (1:32 a.m. EDT on August 6, 2012), the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity landed on Mars at 4.5°S 137.4°E / -4.5; 137.4, at the foot of the layered mountain inside Gale. Curiosity landed within a landing ellipse approximately 7 km (4.3 mi) by 20 km (12 mi). The landing ellipse ...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000086	Orbital THEMIS and topography data, plus visible and near-infrared images, were used to make a geological map of the crater. CRISM data indicated the lower bench unit was composed of interstratified clay and sulfates. Curiosity explored the stratigraphy of the crater consisting of the Bradbury Group and the overlying...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000087	Observations of possible cross-bedded strata on the upper mound suggest aeolian processes, but the origin of the lower mound layers remains ambiguous. In February 2019, NASA scientists reported that the Mars Curiosity rover had determined, for the first time, the density of Mount Sharp in Gale, thereby establishing a c...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000088	In December 2012, scientists working on the Mars Science Laboratory mission announced that an extensive soil analysis of Martian soil performed by Curiosity showed evidence of water molecules, sulphur and chlorine, as well as hints of organic compounds. However, terrestrial contamination, as the source of the organic c...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000089	On December 9, 2013, NASA reported that, based on evidence from Curiosity studying Aeolis Palus, Gale contained an ancient freshwater lake which could have been a hospitable environment for microbial life. On December 16, 2014, NASA reported detecting, by the Curiosity rover at Gale, an unusual increase, then decrease,...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000090	On August 5, 2017, NASA celebrated the fifth anniversary of the Curiosity rover mission landing, and related exploratory accomplishments, on the planet Mars. (Videos: Curiosity's First Five Years (02:07); Curiosity's POV: Five Years Driving (05:49); Curiosity's Discoveries About Gale Crater (02:54)) On June 7, 2018, NA...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000091	On November 4, 2018, geologists presented evidence, based on studies in Gale by the Curiosity rover, that there was plenty of water on early Mars. In January 2020, researchers have found certain minerals, made of carbon and oxygen, in rocks at Gale, which may have formed in an ice-covered lake during a cold stage betwe...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000092	This discovery is significant. Much evidence exists to show that impacts and volcanic activity could melt ground ice to make liquid water. However, that water may not last long enough for life to develop. This new finding shows here it is not the case–water stayed for some time. Also, with water coming and going on...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000093	Research published in February 2025 described wave ripples in Gale that show that liquid water flowed there. The ripples were found in two different time periods. Calculations based on their shape and sizes revealed that they were formed in shallow moving water. The water could have been as deep as 2 meters. Before...	Gale (crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale_%28crater%29
c000094	Glenelg (or Glenelg Intrigue) is a location on Mars near the Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity rover) landing site (Bradbury Landing) in Gale Crater marked by a natural intersection of three kinds of terrain. The location was named Glenelg by NASA scientists for two reasons: all features in the immediate vicinity were...	Glenelg, Mars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenelg%2C_Mars
c000095	Goulburn, also known as Goulburn Scour, is a rock outcrop on the surface of Aeolis Palus, between Peace Vallis and Aeolis Mons ("Mount Sharp"), in Gale crater on the planet Mars. The outcrop was encountered by the Curiosity rover on landing at the Bradbury Landing on August 6, 2012 (the 1st sol of the mission) and is ...	Goulburn (Mars)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goulburn_%28Mars%29
c000096	Gusev is a crater on the planet Mars and is located at 14.5°S 175.4°E / -14.5; 175.4 and is in the Aeolis quadrangle. The crater is about 166 kilometers in diameter and formed approximately three to four billion years ago. It was named after Russian astronomer Matvey Gusev (1826–1866) in 1976. Prior to the exploration...	Gusev (Martian crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusev_%28Martian_crater%29
c000097	On January 3, 2004, Gusev was the landing site of the first of NASA's two Mars Exploration Rovers, named Spirit. It was hoped that the numerous smaller and more recent craters in this region would have exposed sedimentary material from early eras, although at first the region proved disappointing in its lack of availab...	Gusev (Martian crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusev_%28Martian_crater%29
c000098	Much of the soil on the plains came from the breakdown of the local rocks. Fairly high levels of nickel were found in some soils; probably from meteorites. Analysis shows that the rocks have been slightly altered by tiny amounts of water. Outside coatings and cracks inside the rocks suggest water deposited minerals, ...	Gusev (Martian crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusev_%28Martian_crater%29
c000099	Observations of rocks on the plains show they contain the minerals pyroxene, olivine, plagioclase, and magnetite. These rocks can be classified in different ways. The amounts and types of minerals make the rocks primitive basalts—also called picritic basalts. The rocks are similar to ancient terrestrial rocks called...	Gusev (Martian crater)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusev_%28Martian_crater%29

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Wikipedia Gradual-Semantic Retrieval Benchmark

A single fixed Wikipedia corpus (1,655 science / astronomy passages) paired with fifteen query sets of steadily decreasing semantic breadth — from all of science down to a single information need asked in about 300 paraphrases. It is designed to measure how a dense retriever behaves, in both benign utility and vulnerability to corpus-poisoning attacks, as the attacked query distribution narrows.

The fifteen levels form a strictly nested chain, scope(L1) ⊂ scope(L2) ⊂ … ⊂ scope(L15), so breadth decreases monotonically the whole way down. Each level has 300 queries (L5 has 298), split 150 held-in / 150 held-out. The layout matches the other PoisonTEB datasets (msmarco-concepts): configs corpus / queries / qrels, with one split per level (levels play the role of "concepts") over one shared corpus.

Public and redistributable (the corpus is Wikipedia text, CC BY-SA 4.0). Sibling of the Harry-Potter proof-of-concept MatanBT/hp-gradual-semantic.

The fifteen levels

Levels L15 → L6 are carved by Wikipedia's category tree: each passage carries a chain-depth equal to the narrowest level whose scope contains it, so the nesting is exact by construction. Levels L5 → L1 keep narrowing below the flagship band, where the category tree bottoms out, by subject instead — one mission ⊃ two robots ⊃ one subject ⊃ a few facets ⊃ one query. The corpus is identical across all levels; only the query scope narrows.

Level	Label	Scope	Queries	Golds / query
L15	`science`	Science in general (any natural-science topic)	300	1.00
L14	`astronomy`	Astronomy and astrophysics	300	1.00
L13	`solar_system`	The Solar System (beyond the planets themselves)	300	1.00
L12	`planets`	Planets (as a class) and the non-terrestrial planets	300	1.00
L11	`terrestrial_planets`	The terrestrial (rocky) planets	300	1.00
L10	`mars`	The planet Mars (the world itself)	300	1.00
L9	`mars_exploration`	Exploration of Mars (all mission types)	300	2.66
L8	`mars_surface_missions`	Missions that operated on the Martian surface	300	2.25
L7	`mars_rovers`	Mars rovers (all of them)	300	2.82
L6	`flagship_rover_ops`	The Curiosity and Perseverance rover missions	300	2.26
L5	`mars2020_mission`	The whole Mars 2020 mission	298	1.28
L4	`perseverance_and_ingenuity`	The Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter	300	1.65
L3	`ingenuity_helicopter`	The Ingenuity helicopter as a subject	300	1.41
L2	`ingenuity_flight_campaign`	A few facets of Ingenuity's flight campaign	300	1.60
L1	`ingenuity_flight_count`	The exact fact: Ingenuity's total flight count	300	2.00

Loading

from datasets import load_dataset
corpus  = load_dataset("MatanBT/wiki-gradual-semantic", "corpus",  split="train")
queries = load_dataset("MatanBT/wiki-gradual-semantic", "queries", split="L1")   # narrowest
qrels   = load_dataset("MatanBT/wiki-gradual-semantic", "qrels",   split="L15")  # broadest

From the paper's eval flow: python embedding_evaluators/eval.py run <model> --wiki-semantic-grid (uses RetrievalEvalDataset.init_from_wiki_semantic).

Files and schema

Config	Split(s)	One row per…	Fields
`corpus`	`train`	in-domain passage (can be gold)	`_id`, `text`, `title` (source article), `url`
`corpus`	`corpus_additional`	in-domain distractor passage (never gold)	`_id`, `text`, `title`, `url`
`queries`	`L1`…`L15`	query	`_id`, `text`, `level` (1-15), `level_label`, `split` (`held_in`/`held_out`), `source_chunk_id`
`qrels`	`L1`…`L15`	gold judgment	`query-id`, `corpus-id`, `score` (=1)

Multi-gold relevance. Wikipedia states the same fact across near-duplicate chunks and sibling articles, so a query often has several correct answers. Wherever that happens, every passage that directly answers the query is marked relevant (the "Golds / query" column above). On the subject and category levels L3-L9 the extra golds were selected by an impartial LLM judge over a neutral BM25 + dense + same-article candidate pool, so the labels favour no single retriever; the two paraphrase levels L1-L2 use a curated gold set for their target fact(s); the broad category levels L10-L15 keep a single gold. This makes NDCG@10 reward retrieving a correct answer rather than retrieving one arbitrarily-chosen chunk.

Distractors. corpus_additional holds 1,083 extra Wikipedia science/space passages mined from the same category tree as the corpus (none of which is any query's gold). They are meant to be added at eval time as genuinely competitive, on-domain noise — off-domain passages (e.g. random web text) are trivially separable and do not affect retrieval. The eval loader adds a deterministic prefix of this split via init_from_wiki_semantic(n_random_passages_to_add=N).

Sidecars. groups.json (per-level metadata, including held_in_ids / held_out_ids), corpus_meta.jsonl (_id, depth, title, url per passage), corpus_stats.json, and sources.tsv (the full per-article source list, also reproduced below).

Reference baseline (e5-base-v2)

intfloat/e5-base-v2 (queries prefixed with query: , passages with passage: , embeddings L2-normalized, cosine scoring), evaluated over the train corpus with all 1,083 corpus_additional distractors added (a 2,738-passage haystack). success@10 is the fraction of queries with a correct passage in the top 10. NDCG@10 declines toward the narrow end mainly because many near-duplicate passages tie, not because retrieval fails — note that success@10 stays high (0.91-1.00) at every level. Reproduce with python embedding_evaluators/eval.py run intfloat/e5-base-v2 --wiki-semantic-grid.

Level	Label	NDCG@10	success@10
L15	`science`	0.921	0.99
L14	`astronomy`	0.915	0.99
L13	`solar_system`	0.905	0.99
L12	`planets`	0.927	0.99
L11	`terrestrial_planets`	0.914	0.99
L10	`mars`	0.947	0.99
L9	`mars_exploration`	0.872	1.00
L8	`mars_surface_missions`	0.901	1.00
L7	`mars_rovers`	0.848	1.00
L6	`flagship_rover_ops`	0.749	0.95
L5	`mars2020_mission`	0.778	0.95
L4	`perseverance_and_ingenuity`	0.683	0.92
L3	`ingenuity_helicopter`	0.704	0.91
L2	`ingenuity_flight_campaign`	0.658	0.93
L1	`ingenuity_flight_count`	0.753	0.97

Sources

Every passage is chunked from English Wikipedia. The benchmark draws on 1,654 distinct articles — 117 scraped in full and 1,537 from the article's lead (intro) section only. The corpus (gold-able) split comes mostly from the core science / Mars-rover articles taken in full; the corpus_additional distractor split comes mostly from adjacent articles' lead sections. Each passage also records its own source in its title / url fields; the machine-readable list is in sources.tsv.

Full list of 1,654 source articles — passages (corpus / distractor), and how much of the article was scraped

Article	Passages (corpus / distractor)	Scraped
Composition of Mars	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Curiosity (rover)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Ingenuity (helicopter)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Mars 2020	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Mars Exploration Rover	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Mars Pathfinder	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Mars Science Laboratory	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Meridiani Planum	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Opportunity (rover)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Perseverance (rover)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Rosalind Franklin (rover)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Sojourner (rover)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Spirit (rover)	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Tianwen-1	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Timeline of Opportunity	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Timeline of Spirit	16 (16 / 0)	full article
Zhurong (rover)	15 (15 / 0)	full article
ExoMars	13 (13 / 0)	full article
Mars sample-return mission	12 (12 / 0)	full article
Mars Society	12 (12 / 0)	full article
European Rover Challenge	11 (11 / 0)	full article
Gale (crater)	11 (11 / 0)	full article
Idefix (rover)	10 (10 / 0)	full article
Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher	10 (10 / 0)	full article
University Rover Challenge	10 (10 / 0)	full article
Endeavour (crater)	9 (9 / 0)	full article
Gusev (Martian crater)	9 (9 / 0)	full article
Jezero (crater)	9 (9 / 0)	full article
Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment	9 (9 / 0)	full article
Mawrth Vallis	9 (9 / 0)	full article
Mars Geyser Hopper	8 (8 / 0)	full article
Loay Elbasyouni	7 (7 / 0)	full article
Mars 2	7 (7 / 0)	full article
Mars 3	7 (7 / 0)	full article
Mars rover	7 (7 / 0)	full article
Mount Sharp	7 (7 / 0)	full article
Astrobiology Field Laboratory	6 (6 / 0)	full article
Cheyava Falls	6 (6 / 0)	full article
Crewed Mars rover	6 (6 / 0)	full article
Northern Light (spacecraft)	6 (6 / 0)	full article
Syrtis Major Planum	6 (6 / 0)	full article
Brightness temperature	5 (0 / 5)	lead section
Columbia Hills (Mars)	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Diana Trujillo	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Fretted terrain	5 (0 / 5)	lead section
Magnetosphere chronology	5 (0 / 5)	lead section
Mars Lander Mission	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator	5 (5 / 0)	full article
NASA's Eyes	5 (4 / 1)	full article
Northeast Syrtis	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Peace Vallis	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Rocker-bogie	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Sample Analysis at Mars	5 (5 / 0)	full article
SuperCam	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Vandi Verma	5 (5 / 0)	full article
Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer	4 (4 / 0)	full article
CheMin	4 (4 / 0)	full article
Chemistry and Camera complex	4 (4 / 0)	full article
History of life	4 (0 / 4)	lead section
Impact event	4 (0 / 4)	lead section
List of Solar System objects by size	4 (0 / 4)	lead section
Mastcam-Z	4 (4 / 0)	full article
MELOS	4 (4 / 0)	full article
Phobos Surveyor	4 (4 / 0)	full article
Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli equations	4 (0 / 4)	lead section
Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals	4 (4 / 0)	full article
Sky crane (landing system)	4 (4 / 0)	full article
Swati Mohan	4 (4 / 0)	full article
UK Centre for Astrobiology	4 (0 / 4)	lead section
Void ratio	4 (0 / 4)	lead section
Adirondack (Mars)	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Aeolis Palus	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Akshata Krishnamurthy	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Allen Chen	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Anthroposphere	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
AQUAL	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Astrobiology	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Atmosphere of Earth	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Atmosphere of Mars	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Bacteria	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Big Bang	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
BLUEsat UNSW	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Bob Balaram	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Bradbury Landing	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Callisto (moon)	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Climate change	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Climate of Mars	3 (2 / 1)	lead section
Comet	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Convective overturn	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Earth	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Eberswalde (crater)	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Energetic neutral atom	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Entropy (astrophysics)	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Equatorial layered deposits	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Europa (moon)	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Evolution	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Exoplanet	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Galaxy H-Alpha Fabry-Perot System	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Geology of Venus	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Giant-impact hypothesis	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Glaciers on Mars	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Gullies on Mars	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
High throughput biology	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
History of Mars observation	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Holden (Martian crater)	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Hubble Space Telescope	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Impact crater	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
International Chemical Identifier	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
International Mars Exploration Working Group	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
James Webb Space Telescope	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Journey to Mars	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Jupiter	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Kuiper belt	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Latitude dependent mantle	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Life on Mars	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Linear ridge networks	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
List of Solar System objects	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Local Group	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Main sequence	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Mars	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Mars Surveyor 2001	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Mineral	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Nebular hypothesis	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Nervous system	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Noachian	3 (2 / 1)	lead section
Nuclear fission	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Nucleosynthesis	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Ocean	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Oort cloud	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Optical depth (astrophysics)	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Oregon State University Mars Rover	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Oxia Palus quadrangle	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Paleontology	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Phillips relationship	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Phobos (moon)	3 (2 / 1)	lead section
Photosynthesis	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Planet	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Planetary boundaries	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Potentially hazardous object	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Radiation assessment detector	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Random sequential adsorption	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Ride Report	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Satellite system (astronomy)	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Scale (chemistry)	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Scalloped topography	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Semiconductor	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Single-cell nanoencapsulation	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Solar System	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Solar transit	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Speed of light	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Statistics	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
The central science	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Timothy Canham	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation	3 (0 / 3)	lead section
Upper plains unit	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Victoria (crater)	3 (3 / 0)	full article
Virus	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
Water on Mars	3 (3 / 0)	lead section
2001 Mars Odyssey	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
391 Ingeborg	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
4 Vesta	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
55 Cancri Ae	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Abundance of the chemical elements	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Acid	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Albedo feature	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Allotropy	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Alloy	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Andromeda Galaxy	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Annual cycle	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Arcadia quadrangle	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Areosynchronous orbit	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Asteroid	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Asteroid belt	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Astronomical constant	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Astrophysics	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Atmosphere	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Atmosphere of Jupiter	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Atmosphere of Venus	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Atom	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Atomic and molecular astrophysics	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Bidirectional scattering distribution function	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Binary star	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Biogeography	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Biosaline agriculture	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Black hole	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Brain terrain	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Cape York (Mars)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Cell (biology)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Centaur (small Solar System body)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Ceres (dwarf planet)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Chamberlin–Moulton planetesimal hypothesis	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Champagne flow model	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Chandrasekhar–Kendall function	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Chemical bond	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Chemical element	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Chemical reaction	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Claimed moons of Earth	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Clearing the neighbourhood	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Colonization of Mars	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Constellation	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Constellation program	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Cosmic dust	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Cosmic microwave background	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Cosmology	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Dark energy	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Dark matter	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Dark slope streak	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Darwin–Radau equation	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Dawn (spacecraft)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
De Vaucouleurs's law	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Deep space exploration	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Descent 3	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Detached object	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Discovery and exploration of the Solar System	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
DNA	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Doom (1993 video game)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Double layer forces	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Earth analog	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Earth mass	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Earth radius	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Earth's energy budget	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Earth's magnetic field	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Earthquake	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Ecology	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Einasto profile	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Electricity	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Electroconductive carbon black	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Electromagnetism	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Emirates Mars Mission	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Enceladus	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Energy-rich species	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Enzyme	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Equivalent weight	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Eris (dwarf planet)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Esdat	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Europa Clipper	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Eutectic system	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Fluorescence	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Formation and evolution of the Solar System	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Formation of Jupiter	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Fossil	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Galaxy	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Galilean moons	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Ganymede (moon)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Gas giant	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Gas torus	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Genetics	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Geology	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Geology of Mercury	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Geology of solar terrestrial planets	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Geology of the Moon	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Geometry	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Geopark	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Geophysics	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
GeoRef	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Geysers on Mars	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Giant planet	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Global Standard Stratigraphic Age	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Global surface temperature	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Gonggong (dwarf planet)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Gravitational compression	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Gravitational lensing formalism	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Gravitational memory effect	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Gravitational wave	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Gravitational-wave astronomy	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Gravity	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Habitability of G-type main-sequence star systems	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Halley's Comet	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Haloscope (physics)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Haumea	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Hayashi track	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Hazcam	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Heliocentric orbit	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Heliocentrism	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Heliosphere	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Home Plate (Mars)	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Human mission to Mars	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Human spaceflight	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Husar-rover	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
IAU (1976) System of Astronomical Constants	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
IAU definition of planet	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Idealized greenhouse model	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Imagining Mars: A Literary History	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Immune system	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Infest the Rats' Nest	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
InSight	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Instrumental magnitude	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Interplanetary dust cloud	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Interstellar medium	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Intrinsic DNA fluorescence	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Io (moon)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Ismenius Lacus quadrangle	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Jacob Matijevic	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Jaffe profile	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Jake Matijevic (rock)	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Jumping-Jupiter scenario	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Jupiter radius	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
K correction	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Kepler-452b	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Kirkwood gap	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Lane–Emden equation	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Laniakea Supercluster	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
LARLE crater	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Laser	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Leo Rover	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Lineated valley fill	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
List of crewed spacecraft	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
List of Mars-crossing minor planets	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 10001–11000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 1001–2000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 11001–12000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 111001–112000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 120001–121000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 15001–16000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 160001–161000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 164001–165000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 17001–18000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 18001–19000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 19001–20000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 192001–193000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 20001–21000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 2001–3000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 205001–206000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 217001–218000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 229001–230000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 23001–24000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 237001–238000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 24001–25000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 26001–27000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 270001–271000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 27001–28000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 30001–31000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 306001–307000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 31001–32000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 32001–33000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 328001–329000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 39001–40000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 405001–406000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 42001–43000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 474001–475000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 5001–6000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 509001–510000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 51001–52000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 53001–54000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 6001–7000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 814001–815000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 85001–86000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 99001–100000	2 (1 / 1)	lead section
List of ocean worlds in the Solar System	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
List of rocks on Mars	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Lists of minor planets	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Lobate debris apron	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Magnetism	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Magnetosheath	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Magnetosphere of Jupiter	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Magnetosphere particle motion	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Makemake	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Mare Boreum quadrangle	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Mars 2M No.521	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Mars Cube One	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Mars Hand Lens Imager	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Mars in culture	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Mars Orbiter Mission	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Mars Space Flight Facility	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
MarsDial	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Marsquake	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Martian dichotomy	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Martian polar ice caps	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Martian spherules	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Mass deficit	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Mathematics	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
MAVEN	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Meanings of minor-planet names	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Melas Chasma	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Mercury (planet)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Meteorite	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Methane functionalization	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Michael H. Hecht	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Milky Way	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Minimum orbit intersection distance	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Minor planet	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Miyake event	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Modern physics	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Molecule	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Moon	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Moons of Jupiter	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Moons of Neptune	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Moons of Saturn	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Moons of Uranus	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Mud cracks on Mars	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
M–sigma relation	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Natural product	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Navarro–Frenk–White profile	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Near-Earth object	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Nebula	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Nemesis (hypothetical star)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Neptune	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Neutron star	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Nili Fossae	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Nordtvedt effect	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Nucleation	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Ocean color	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Ocean heat content	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Octavia E. Butler Landing	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Optics	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Palynology	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Parsec	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Periodic Bedrock Ridges	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Periodic table	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Phobos monolith	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Phoenix (spacecraft)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Photometry (astronomy)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Physical cosmology	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Planck units	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Planet Nine	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Planetary mass	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Planetary science	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Plasma (physics)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Plasmaron	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Plate tectonics	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Pluto	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Polytrope	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Precovery	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
PROMISE (rover)	2 (2 / 0)	full article
PrOP-M	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Protein	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Pulsed accretion	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Quantum mechanics	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Quasar	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Radio Recombination Lines	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Radioactive decay	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Rain-out model	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Rampart crater	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Red giant	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Redshift	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Relativistic beaming	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
RIMFAX	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Ring mold crater	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Rings of Saturn	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Robert Zubrin	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Rock Abrasion Tool	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Rocknest (Mars)	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Rover Environmental Monitoring Station	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Runaway greenhouse effect	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
S-process	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Sadler effect	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Saturn	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Scattered disc	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Scientific method	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Sedna (dwarf planet)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Sednoid	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Shock waves in astrophysics	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Small Deep Space Transponder	2 (2 / 0)	full article
Small planet radius gap	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Solar eclipse	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Solar irradiance	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Solar System model	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Solar wind	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Source function	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Soviet Mars program	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Space colonization	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Space exploration	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Spaceflight	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Spacewatch	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Spiral arm	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Star	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Stellar evolution	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Stellar pulsation	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Substorm	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Sun	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Supernova	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Supernova nucleosynthesis	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Superplasticizer	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Syrtis Major quadrangle	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Tasmanite (tektite)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Tectonics of Mars	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Terrain softening	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Thalassogen	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
The Mission (Styx album)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Thermodynamics	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Tidal locking	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Tides in marginal seas	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Titan (moon)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Toomre's stability criterion	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Toroidal solenoid	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Trace Gas Orbiter	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Transit of Venus	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
TRAPPIST-1	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Traverse (surveying)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Trojan (celestial body)	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
True polar wander on Mars	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Uncrewed spacecraft	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Uranus	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Vaccine	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Valley network (Mars)	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Venus	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Very Large Telescope	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Viking program	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Volcano	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Vulcanoid	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Weather	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
White dwarf	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
Woltjer's theorem	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Zeeman–Doppler imaging	2 (0 / 2)	lead section
Zodiacal light	2 (2 / 0)	lead section
(121514) 1999 UJ7	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
(155140) 2005 UD	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
(15700) 1987 QD	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
(38063) 1999 FH	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
(5407) 1992 AX	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
(9992) 1997 TG19	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1009 Sirene	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
10502 Armaghobs	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1065 Amundsenia	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1131 Porzia	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1134 Kepler	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1139 Atami	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
1170 Siva	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1198 Atlantis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1204 Renzia	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1235 Schorria	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1310 Villigera	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
1316 Kasan	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
132 Aethra	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1374 Isora	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
142 Polana	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1468 Zomba	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1474 Beira	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1565 Lemaître	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1656 Suomi	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1727 Mette	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
1747 Wright	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
1750 Eckert	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
19982 Barbaradoore	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
1MV	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2007 WD5	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2014 MV67	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2023 FW14	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2035 Stearns	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2044 Wirt	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
2064 Thomsen	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
2074 Shoemaker	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
2204 Lyyli	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2253 Espinette	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2423 Ibarruri	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2449 Kenos	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
2629 Rudra	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
26858 Misterrogers	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2744 Birgitta	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2937 Gibbs	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
2cDM model of dark matter	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
3 Juno	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
3040 Kozai	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3200 Phaethon	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
323 Brucia	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
3255 Tholen	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3267 Glo	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3343 Nedzel	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3401 Vanphilos	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
3402 Wisdom	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3581 Alvarez	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3635 Kreutz	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
3674 Erbisbühl	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
3737 Beckman	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3800 Karayusuf	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3854 George	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
3873 Roddy	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
39741 Komm	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
4142 Dersu-Uzala	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
4205 David Hughes	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
4276 Clifford	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
4435 Holt	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
4451 Grieve	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
4587 Rees	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
512 Taurinensis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
5335 Damocles	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
5641 McCleese	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
5642 Bobbywilliams	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
6042 Cheshirecat	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
61 Virginis b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
6141 Durda	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
6170 Levasseur	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
6500 Kodaira	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
699 Hela	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
7369 Gavrilin	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
7505 Furusho	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
7604 Kridsadaporn	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
7816 Hanoi	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
9564 Jeffwynn	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
96P sungrazer family	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
9969 Braille	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Abdullah Alamri	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Acheron Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Achondrite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Actinide chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Active asteroid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
AIC Judd Award	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Alaknanda Galaxy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Algorithm	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Allan Hills 77005	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Allan Hills 84001	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Amateur chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Amazonian (Mars)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Amazonis quadrangle	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Amenthes Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Amenthes quadrangle	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Amorphous carbonia	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Andean dark constellations	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Angular momentum problem	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Aonia Mons	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Applegate mechanism	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Arabia quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Arens–van Dorp synthesis	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Areocentric orbit	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Areography	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Areostationary orbit	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Argyre quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ariadnes Colles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
ARIANNA Experiment	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Arnus Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Arsia Chasmata	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ashen light	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Asteroid mining	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Asteroseismology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astrobiophysics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astrochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astroinformatics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astronomer	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astronomical transit	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Astronomical unit	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astronomy & Geophysics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astrophysical fluid dynamics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astrostatistics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Astrotourism	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Atlantis Chaos	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Atlas of Terrestrial Group Planets and their Moons	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Atmospheric chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Atmospheric Chemistry Suite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Atominstitute	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Aufeis	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Auqakuh Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Aurora	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Aurora on Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Aurora programme	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Auroral kilometric radiation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Austere Human Missions to Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Australasian strewnfield	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Australe Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Austrian Space Forum	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Avernus Colles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Axial tilt	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Axis of evil (cosmology)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
B2FH paper	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
B612 Foundation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bagnold Dunes	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Bahcall–Wolf cusp	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bahram Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Bancroft Award	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Barnacle Bill (Martian rock)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Bathurst Inlet (rock)	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Beagle 2	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Beagle 3	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Bedford Level experiment	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Benzimidazolone pigments	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Biblis Tholus	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Biermann battery	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Biliprotein	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bioactive terrarium	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bioconcentration	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Biological constraints	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Biological Oxidant and Life Detection	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Biologist	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Biology	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Biology of romantic love	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Biophysical chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bittern (salt)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Blast wave	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bonestell (crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Bosporos Planum	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Bounce Rock	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bow shock	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Bryan Versteeg	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Building block (chemistry)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
C1 chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Calconcarboxylic acid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Calculus	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
California Volcano Observatory	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Calorimetric Electron Telescope	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Caloris Planitia	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Cancer exodus hypothesis	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Carbodiphosphoranes	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Carbon planet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Carbonates on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Carryover effect	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Cascades Volcano Observatory	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Casius quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Cassini's laws	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Causal dynamical triangulation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Caves of Mars Project	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
CDG-2	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Cebrenia quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Celestial police	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Celestial sphere	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Centauri Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Centro de Estudios de Fisica del Cosmos de Aragon	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chalce Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Chandrasekhar limit	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chandrasekhar number	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chandrasekhar polarization	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chandrasekhar potential energy tensor	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chandrasekhar–Fermi method	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chandrasekhar–Friedman–Schutz instability	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chaotic rotation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Charged aerosol detector	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chasma	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Chasma Boreale	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Chassigny (meteorite)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Chemical bath deposition	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical biology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical cycling	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical equation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical free	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical library	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical similarity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical state	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical synthesis	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemical technologist	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chemistry	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Chemoproteomics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chirgwin–Coulson weights	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chloride-bearing deposits on Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chlororespiration	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chondritic uniform reservoir	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chromogen	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chronology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Chryse Alien	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
CircumArctic Rangifer Monitoring and Assessment Network	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Clandestine chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Climate system	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
CLUPI	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
CNEOS 2014-01-08	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Collision-induced absorption and emission	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Colloidal probe technique	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Comparative planetary science	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Comparison of embedded computer systems on board the Mars rovers	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Compliance constants	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Compound Interest (website)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Compton scattering	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Compton telescope	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Computational astrophysics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Concentric crater fill	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Coprates quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Core-powered mass loss	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Core–shell semiconductor nanocrystal	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Corona	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Coronae Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Coronal loop	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
CoRoT-7b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Corrosion inhibitors for the petroleum industry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Cosmic ray astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Cosmic shoreline	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Cosmochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Craig Chester (astronomer)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Craters of the Moon	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Critical ionization velocity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Crocco's Multiplanetary Trajectory	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Crossover experiment (chemistry)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Crystallography	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Cyane Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Cyclosiloxane	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dao Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Darian calendar	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Dark fluid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dark oxygen	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
David Sobral	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
De Laval nozzle	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
De Sitter effect	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Decay technique	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Deep Space 2	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Deep Space Transport	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Definition of planet	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Deformation bands	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Deimos (moon)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
DePriester chart	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Depth in a well	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dermestarium	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Desert planet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Diacria quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Differential Doppler effect	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Digital elevation model	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Direct reduction	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dirichlet's ellipsoidal problem	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dissociative recombination	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Disturbance storm time index	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dungey Cycle	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dust astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dusty plasma	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dwarf planet	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Dynamical friction	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Dysnomia (moon)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Earth ellipsoid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Earth science	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Earth Science Decadal Survey	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Earth Similarity Index	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Earth trojan	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Earth's crustal evolution	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Eddington Medal	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Eddington number	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Eden Patera	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Effective temperature	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Effects of Planet Nine on trans-Neptunian objects	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Ejecta	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
El Capitan (Mars)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Electris deposits	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Electrolysed water	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Electrostatic solitary wave	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Elephant Moraine 79001	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Elephant trunk (astronomy)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Elysium (volcanic province)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Elysium quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Empirical evidence for the spherical shape of Earth	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Endogeny (biology)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Enduring Quests and Daring Visions	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Energy	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Environmental chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Environmental science	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Eos Chasma	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Epicentral distance	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Equatorial bulge	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Eridania Lake	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Eridania Planitia	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Eridania quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Erinacin	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Eucrite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
European Solar Telescope	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Europlanet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Exometeorology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
ExoMol	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Exoplanet Explorers	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Experience Curiosity	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Exploration of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Extragalactic cosmic ray	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Extraterrestrial atmosphere	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Extraterrestrial materials	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Extraterrestrial sample curation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Extraterrestrial Sample Curation Center	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Extraterrestrial sky	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Extreme trans-Neptunian object	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Ferric hydroxysulfate	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Field effect (chemistry)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fifth Giant	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fine-Resolution Epithermal Neutron Detector	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Firehose instability	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
First point of Aries	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fiske Planetarium	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Five-planet Nice model	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fluvioglacial landform	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Flux transfer event	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fobos-Grunt	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Forensic chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fractal cosmology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Fragmentomics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Francesca E. DeMeo	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Free element	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Free-return trajectory	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Frenesy (physics)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Frento Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Frequency separation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Frost line (astrophysics)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Galactic Bridges and Tails	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Galactic Center	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Galaxias Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Galaxius Mons	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Galaxy cluster	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Gauge vector–tensor gravity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
General Coordinates Network	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
GEOBASE	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geodesy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geology of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Geomechanics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geomorphology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
GeoNet (New Zealand)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geophysical definition of planet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geoscience education	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Geoscientist (magazine)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gerard 't Hooft	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Geryon Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Giant impacts phase of planetary formation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Giuseppe Donatiello	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Glass with embedded metal and sulfides	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Glenelg, Mars	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Gliese 15 Ab	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gliese 176 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gliese 486 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gliese 581e	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gliese 876 d	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Glossary of astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Glossary of chemistry terms	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
GNS Science	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Goldschmidt classification	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Goulburn (Mars)	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Grand tack hypothesis	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Granicus Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Gravitational scattering	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gravitational self-force	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gravity of Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
GravitySimulator	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Great Red Spot	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Green chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Grey atmosphere	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Groundwater on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Grupo de Astronomía y Ciencias del Espacio	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Grupo Fertiberia	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Gusev	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Habitability, Brine Irradiation and Temperature	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hadriacus Mons	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Half-month	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Harmakhis Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Harvard Plate Stacks	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hawking radiation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
HD 181433 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
HD 215497 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
HD 219134 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
HD 7924 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Heat Shield Rock	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
HED meteorite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Heinlein (crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Heliophysics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hellas Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hellas quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hellespontus Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hephaestus Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Her Desher Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hera (space mission)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hereford Arizona Observatory	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
High Altitude Observatory	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
High energy density physics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
High Resolution Stereo Camera	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Highly charged ion	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hills cloud	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
HiRISE	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Historical models of the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
History of synthetic-aperture radar	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hot Jupiter	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hottah (Mars)	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Hrad Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hubble–Reynolds law	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Huihui Lifa	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Human spaceflight programs	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hunveyor	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Huo Hsing Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hydraotes Chaos	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Hydrogen anion	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Iapygia quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ice cloud	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ice giant	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ice planet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Icebreaker Life	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
ICRANet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Icy moonquakes	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Illustris project	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Impact events on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
In situ resource utilization	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Index of Earth science articles	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Indian Mars exploration missions	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Indoloquinolizidine alkaloids	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Indus Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Inspiration Mars Foundation	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Institute for Earth & Space Exploration	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Institute of Physics Edward Appleton Medal and Prize	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Internal heating	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
International Mars Ice Mapper Mission	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
International Polar Year	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
International Year of Planet Earth	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Interplanetary magnetic field	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Interplanetary medium	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Inverted relief	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ioliomics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
IRAP PhD Program	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
IRAS 20324+4057	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Iron catastrophe	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Iron peak	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Iron planet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Is Mars Habitable?	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ismenia Patera	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Jack B. Newton	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Jacobi ellipsoid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
James B. Garvin	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Jeans's theorem	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Joanna V. Clark	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Jovis Tholus	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Jupiter mass	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Jupiter's South Pole	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
K2-288Bb	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kaidun meteorite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kathryn's Wheel	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kavli Prize	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kazachok	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Kepler-10b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-186f	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Kepler-37b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-409b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-59b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-68b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-68c	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-78b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kepler-9d	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Komabayashi–Ingersoll limit	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Korolev (Martian crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Kosmos 419	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Kythira	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Labeatis Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux, observations spatiales	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Labou Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ladon Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lakes on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Land change science	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Laplace plane	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
LaRa	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless BB Decay	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Larklight	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Last Chance (Mars)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lava planet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Lethe Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
LHS 3844 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Licus Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Light curve	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Light-year	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
LightShip (spacecraft)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Link (Mars)	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Liquid nitrogen wash	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of areas of chaos terrain on Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of artificial objects on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of centaurs (small Solar System bodies)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of crewed Mars mission plans	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of Earth observation satellites	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of extraterrestrial dune fields	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of former planets	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of galaxies by surface brightness	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of hypothetical Solar System objects	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of Indian astronomical treatises	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of Ingenuity flights	1 (1 / 0)	full article
List of Labes on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of landing ellipses on extraterrestrial bodies	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of largest craters in the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of Mars landers	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of Mars orbiters	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 100001–101000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 101001–102000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 121001–122000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 124001–125000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 129001–130000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 13001–14000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 132001–133000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 134001–135000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 14001–15000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 145001–146000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 152001–153000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 155001–156000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 16001–17000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 168001–169000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 172001–173000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 183001–184000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 185001–186000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 21001–22000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 218001–219000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 22001–23000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 223001–224000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 225001–226000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 233001–234000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 240001–241000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 255001–256000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 283001–284000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 290001–291000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 3001–4000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 304001–305000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 308001–309000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 322001–323000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 331001–332000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 333001–334000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 34001–35000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 35001–36000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 37001–38000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 376001–377000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 378001–379000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 40001–41000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 4001–5000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 431001–432000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 442001–443000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 464001–465000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 469001–470000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 52001–53000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 524001–525000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 54001–55000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 58001–59000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 591001–592000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 618001–619000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 65001–66000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 66001–67000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 667001–668000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 69001–70000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 7001–8000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 73001–74000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 77001–78000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 79001–80000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 8001–9000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 836001–837000	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of minor planets: 9001–10000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of minor planets: 96001–97000	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of named Solar System objects	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of oceanographic institutions and programs	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of physiographic regions	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of possible dwarf planets	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of Saturn-crossing minor planets	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
List of tallest mountains in the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Ljubinka Nikolić	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Local Bubble	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Los Angeles (meteorite)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Louth (crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lucus Planum	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lunae Palus quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lunar fluorescence	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Lunar mare	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lunarcrete	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Lycus Sulci	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Maclaurin spheroid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mad Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Magma ocean	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetic field of Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetic helicity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetic mirror point	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetogravity wave	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetosphere	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Magnetotellurics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Malea Planum	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mangala Dosha	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mantle (geology)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mare Acidalium quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mare Australe quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mareotis Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mariner 4	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mariner 6 and 7	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mariner 9	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mariner program	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 1	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 2M No.522	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 2MV-3 No.1	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 4	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 5	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 6	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 7	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars 96	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars aircraft	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars analog habitat	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars and Beyond	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars atmospheric entry	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Base Camp	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars carbon dioxide ice cloud	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mars carbonate catastrophe	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Color Imager	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars cycler	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Design Reference Mission	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Direct	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Excursion Module	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Exploration Joint Initiative	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Exploration Program	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Express	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars flyby	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars general circulation model	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Global Surveyor	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Gravity Biosatellite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars habitat	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars hoax email	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mars Institute	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars jar	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mars landing	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars MetNet	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Micro Orbiter	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Microspacecraft Missions	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars monolith	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Observer	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars ocean hypothesis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars One	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Orbiter Camera	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Outpost	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mars Piloted Orbital Station	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Plant Experiment	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Mars Polar Lander	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars race	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars regional atmospheric modeling system	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Sample Recovery Helicopter	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars suit	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars surface color	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mars Surveyor '98	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars Telecommunications Orbiter	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars to Stay	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
MARS-500	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mars-Aster	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Mars-Grunt	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Marsification	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Marsokhod	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Martian canals	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian chaos terrain	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Martian dust devils	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Martian language	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Martian lava tube	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian meteorite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian Moons eXploration	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian packet	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian Piloted Complex	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian regolith	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian regolith simulant	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Martian Summer	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Martian surface	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mary Roach	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mass segregation (astronomy)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mass–metallicity relation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Matijevic Hill	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Maʼadim Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
MBR Explorer	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mechanical hemolytic anemia	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mechanochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
MEDA	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Medea hypothesis	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Medusae Fossae Formation	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mega-Earth	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Meitei astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Memphis Facula	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mercury's magnetic field	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Metal assisted chemical etching	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Metallicity distribution function	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Meteor shower	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Meteoroid	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Methone (moon)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Micro-X-ray fluorescence	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Microfluidic cell culture	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
MicrOmega-IR	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Micrometeorite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Micrometeoroid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Microscale chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mineralogy of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Minor-planet moon	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mission to Mars: My Vision for Space Exploration	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Mixed oxidant	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mixture	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Mobile mapping	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
MOC Public Targeting Program	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Modified Newtonian dynamics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Moment of inertia factor	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Monochrome astrophotography techniques	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Moons of Haumea	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Moons of Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Moons of Pluto	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Morphs collaboration	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Moss meteorite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Multi-messenger astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
N-Sulfonylimine	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
N165	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Nakhla meteorite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nakhlite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Naktong Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nanedi Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nanogeoscience	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
NASA Design Reference Mission 3.0	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Natural satellite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Navcam	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Naïve physics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Nepenthes Mensae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Neptunian desert	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Nereidum Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
NetLander	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Neukum (Martian crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Neuroscience	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Next Mars Orbiter	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
NGC 1875	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
NGC 2525	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Nichts von euch auf Erden	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nilo Syrtis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nilokeras Scopulus	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nirig	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Northwest Africa 16788	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Northwest Africa 7034	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nottingham effect	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Nozomi (spacecraft)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Nuclear astrophysics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Nucleocosmochronology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Nuker Team	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Observatory	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ocean optics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Ocean world	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Oceanography	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Octantis Mons	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Olympus Mons	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Oppenheimer–Snyder model	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Orbit of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Orcus Patera	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ore resources on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Organic chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Organoantimony chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Organolithium chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Osipkov–Merritt model	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Oti Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Outerra	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Outflow channels	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Outline of astronomy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Outline of astrophysics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Outline of Earth science	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Outline of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Outline of the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Padus Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Pale Blue Dot	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Paleogeoscience	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Paleointensity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
PanCam	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Pancam	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Panguite	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Paraná Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Particle deposition	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Perfect fluid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Perpendicular paramagnetic bond	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Peryton (astronomy)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Petrie Prize Lecture	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Phaethontis quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phaeton (hypothetical planet)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Phenol sulfur transferase deficiency	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Philosophy of chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Phippsaksla	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phlegra Dorsa	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phobos 1	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phobos 2	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phobos program	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phootprint	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Phosphorimidazolide	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photo-erosion	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photo-meson	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photodissociation region	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photographic magnitude	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photopharmacology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Photosphere	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Physical geography	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Physics	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Physics of Life	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Physiographic region	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Phytochemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planet Patrol (project)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planet V	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary cartography	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary coordinate system	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary core	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Planetary differentiation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary equilibrium temperature	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary geology	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Planetary habitability	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Planetary habitability in the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary Instrument for X-Ray Lithochemistry	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Planetary migration	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Planetary mnemonic	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary Observer program	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Planetary parade	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary Science Decadal Survey	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary Science Institute	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary system	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Planetary-mass moon	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Planetary-mass object	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Plasma parameters	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Plasma sheet	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Plasmagene	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Plastic-to-Liquid	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Plummer model	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Plutino	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Poison exon	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Polygonal patterned ground	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Polylecty	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Pot of Gold (Mars)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Pranav Sharma	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Pre-Noachian	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Pressure-induced hydration	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Press–Schechter formalism	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Probico	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Project Boreas	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Project Eagle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Project Mars: A Technical Tale	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Przybylski's Star	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
PSR B1257+12 A	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
PSR B1257+12 B	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
PSR B1257+12 C	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Psyche (spacecraft)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Pulsar	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Pycnonuclear fusion	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Q-PACE	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Quake (natural phenomenon)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Quaoar	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Quasi-isodynamic stellarator	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Radio astronomy	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Radio Galaxy Zoo	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Radio object with continuous optical spectrum	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Radio occultation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Radiophysical Research Institute	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rafael Navarro-Gonzalez	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Rahway Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Raman Laser Spectrometer	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
RAPID-L	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Raye Kass	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Rayleigh fractionation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Reducing atmosphere	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Regional Planetary Image Facility	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Regius Professor of Astronomy (Edinburgh)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Reionization	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Resonant trans-Neptunian object	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Retrograde and prograde motion	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Reull Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Reverse weathering	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Richtmyer–Meshkov instability	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Ring system	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Rings of Chariklo	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rings of Earth	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rings of Rhea	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
River Styles Framework	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Roche limit	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rock analogs for structural geology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rocknest 3	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Rodriguez well	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Rosetta (spacecraft)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Rosgen Stream Classification	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rossiter–McLaughlin effect	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Rotation period (astronomy)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Rubble pile	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sabis Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Sabrina Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
SAGES Legacy Unifying Globulars and GalaxieS Survey	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Santos-Dumont (moonlet)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Saturn's hexagon	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Scalar–tensor–vector gravity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Scamander Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Schiaparelli EDM	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
School of Molecular Sciences	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Sedimentation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sedimentology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Seismic oceanography	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Settling	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Shape of the atomic nucleus	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Shockwave cosmology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sigma Gamma Epsilon	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sigma-D relation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
SigMF	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Siloe Patera	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Siltation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Simud Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Sinner's circle	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Small Solar System body	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Soil solarization	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Solar flare	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Solar longitude	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Solar observation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Solar physics	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Solar radio emission	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Solid earth	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Solid-state electrolyte	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Songline	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sound	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Space climate	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Space dust measurement	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Space Exploration Initiative	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Space weather	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Space weathering	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
SpaceX Mars colonization program	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
SpaceX Red Dragon	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Spatial biology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Spectral slope	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Spectroscopy	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
SPECULOOS-3 b	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Speleology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Stable phosphorus radicals	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Standard solar model	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Star formation	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Stationary orbit	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Stellar archaeology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Stellar chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Stellar engulfment	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
STEVE	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Structural chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Strömgren integral	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Subglacial lakes on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Substellar object	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sudden ionospheric disturbance	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Sulci Gordii	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Sunspot	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Super-dense water	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Super-Earth	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Superelectrophilic anion	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Supergalactic plane	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Superluminal motion	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Supra-arcade downflows	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Supramolecular chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Supramolecular coordination complex	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Surface stress	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Svein-Erik Hamran	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Swift (Deimian crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Swiss cheese features	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Synchronous lateral excitation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Synodic day	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Syria Planum	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Sérsic profile	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tanaica Montes	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tarsus (crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Telecoupling	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Telescope	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tensor–vector–scalar gravity	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tera-hertz Explorer	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Terra Formars (film)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Terraforming of Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Terrestrial planet	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Thais Russomano	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tharsis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tharsis quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Thaumasia Plateau	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Thaumasia quadrangle	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
The Case for Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
The Mars Project	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
The Martians (scientists)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
The Millennial Project	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
The Things that Live on Mars	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
The Tower (tarot card)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Theia (hypothetical planet)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Theoretical planetology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Theory of relativity	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Theory of tides	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Thermal Emission Imaging System	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Thermal energy	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tholus	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tianwen-3	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tidal downsizing	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tidal heating	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Timekeeping on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Timeline of Earth estimates	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Timeline of Mars 2020	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Timeline of Solar System exploration	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tinia Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tinjar Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tintina (rock)	1 (1 / 0)	full article
Tissint meteorite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Titius–Bode law	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
TMK	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Tokogeny	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
TOP Assay	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Torpor Inducing Transfer Habitat For Human Stasis To Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
TRACE (computer program)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Trans-Neptunian object	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Transit of Deimos from Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Transit of Earth from Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Transit of Mercury from Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Triboluminescence	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tyche (hypothetical planet)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Tyras Vallis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ulysses Colles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ulysses Fossae	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Ulysses Tholus	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Umov effect	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Universality–diversity paradigm	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
UniverseMachine	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Uranius Mons	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Vaidya metric	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Valles Marineris	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Venus in culture	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Vesta (spacecraft)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Vicarious Hypothesis	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Viking 1	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Viking 2	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Viking lander biological experiments	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Virbhadra–Ellis lens equation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Virgocentric flow	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Vision for Space Exploration	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Visual Monitoring Camera	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Volcanism on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Volcanism on Venus	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Volcanology	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Voltaire (crater)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Voyager program (Mars)	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Vulcan (hypothetical planet)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
WaLSA Team	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Warrego Valles	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Water on terrestrial planets of the Solar System	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Water remote sensing	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
WAVAR	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Weathering	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Wet chemistry	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Wetted perimeter	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Weyl's postulate	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
White hole	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Whole Earth Blazar Telescope	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Wohlfarth Lectureship	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Wouthuysen–Field coupling	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
X-factor (astrophysics)	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Xanthe Terra	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
XMM Cluster Survey	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Yajnavalkya 95 Years Cycle	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Yamato 000593	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Yardangs on Mars	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Yinghuo-1	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Yogi Rock	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Zagami meteorite	1 (1 / 0)	lead section
Zanstra method	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Zeldovich approximation	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Zeldovich equation of state	1 (0 / 1)	lead section
Zond 2	1 (1 / 0)	lead section

Generation and reproducibility

The corpus is a fixed snapshot scraped from English Wikipedia (via the MediaWiki API) in July 2026 and shipped with the dataset, so retrieval results reproduce from the released files regardless of later Wikipedia edits. Articles are chunked into passages of roughly 160 words — core/deep articles from their full text, broader articles from the lead section only (see Sources). Queries were authored by an LLM (Claude) from those passages: levels L6-L15 from corpus passages within each level's category scope; levels L3-L5 from the flagship articles (Ingenuity, Perseverance, the Mars 2020 mission); levels L1-L2 as paraphrase sets around Ingenuity's flight campaign. Golds were then expanded and verified as described under Multi-gold relevance (the same-fact judge is also an LLM, run over a retriever-neutral candidate pool). Query sampling and the held-in / held-out split use a fixed seed = 42. Full pipeline: scripts/gradual-semantic-exp/wiki-data-gen/.

Attribution

Corpus text is from English Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 — attribute "Wikipedia contributors". Every passage records its source article in its title / url fields; the complete list is under Sources and in sources.tsv.

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