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Recursive definition Summary Inductive_definition For example, one definition of the set N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } of natural numbers is: 1 is in N . {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} .} If an element n is in N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } then n + 1 is in N . | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Recursive definition Summary Inductive_definition {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} .} N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } is the intersection of all sets satisfying (1) and (2).There are many sets that satisfy (1) and (2) – for example, the set {1, 1.649, 2, 2.649, 3, 3.649, …} satisfies the definition. However, condition (3) spe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Recursive definition Summary Inductive_definition Note that this definition assumes that N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } is contained in a larger set (such as the set of real numbers) — in which the operation + is defined. Properties of recursively defined functions and sets can often be proved by an induction principle... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Shortest-path tree Summary Shortest_path_tree In mathematics and computer science, a shortest-path tree rooted at a vertex v of a connected, undirected graph G is a spanning tree T of G, such that the path distance from root v to any other vertex u in T is the shortest path distance from v to u in G. In connected graph... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Shortest-path tree Summary Shortest_path_tree Construct the shortest-path tree using the edges between each node and its parent.The above algorithm guarantees the existence of shortest-path trees. Like minimum spanning trees, shortest-path trees in general are not unique. In graphs for which all edge weights are equal,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Shortest-path tree Summary Shortest_path_tree In graphs that have negative cycles, the set of shortest simple paths from v to all other vertices do not necessarily form a tree. For simple connected graphs, shortest-path trees can be used to suggest a non-linear relationship between two network centrality measures, clos... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Splicing rule Summary Splicing_rule In mathematics and computer science, a splicing rule is a transformation on formal languages which formalises the action of gene splicing in molecular biology. A splicing language is a language generated by iterated application of a splicing rule: the splicing languages form a proper... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Stack-sortable permutation Summary Stack-sortable_permutation In mathematics and computer science, a stack-sortable permutation (also called a tree permutation) is a permutation whose elements may be sorted by an algorithm whose internal storage is limited to a single stack data structure. The stack-sortable permutatio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
String similarity Summary String_metric In mathematics and computer science, a string metric (also known as a string similarity metric or string distance function) is a metric that measures distance ("inverse similarity") between two text strings for approximate string matching or comparison and in fuzzy string searchi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
String similarity Summary String_metric The most widely known string metric is a rudimentary one called the Levenshtein distance (also known as edit distance). It operates between two input strings, returning a number equivalent to the number of substitutions and deletions needed in order to transform one input string ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Algorithmic problem Summary Algorithmic_problem In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( ) is a finite sequence of rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. Mo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Algorithmic problem Summary Algorithmic_problem Using human characteristics as descriptors of machines in metaphorical ways was already practiced by Alan Turing with terms such as "memory", "search" and "stimulus".In contrast, a heuristic is an approach to problem solving that may not be fully specified or may not guar... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Algorithmic technique Summary Algorithmic_technique In mathematics and computer science, an algorithmic technique is a general approach for implementing a process or computation. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Event structure Summary Event_structure In mathematics and computer science, an event structure represents a set of events, some of which can only be performed after another (there is a dependency between the events) and some of which might not be performed together (there is a conflict between the events). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Unrooted binary tree Summary Unrooted_binary_tree In mathematics and computer science, an unrooted binary tree is an unrooted tree in which each vertex has either one or three neighbors. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Apply Summary Apply In mathematics and computer science, apply is a function that applies a function to arguments. It is central to programming languages derived from lambda calculus, such as LISP and Scheme, and also in functional languages. It has a role in the study of the denotational semantics of computer programs... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Apply Summary Apply Apply is also a continuous function in homotopy theory, and, indeed underpins the entire theory: it allows a homotopy deformation to be viewed as a continuous path in the space of functions. Likewise, valid mutations (refactorings) of computer programs can be seen as those that are "continuous" in t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Computable analysis Summary Computable_analysis In mathematics and computer science, computable analysis is the study of mathematical analysis from the perspective of computability theory. It is concerned with the parts of real analysis and functional analysis that can be carried out in a computable manner. The field i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Computable analysis Summary Computable_analysis This might be considered surprising as an integral is (loosely speaking) an infinite sum. While this result could be explained by the fact that every computable function from {\displaystyle \mathbb {} to R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is uniformly continuous, the notable... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Algorithmic number theory Summary Algorithmic_number_theory In mathematics and computer science, computational number theory, also known as algorithmic number theory, is the study of computational methods for investigating and solving problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry, including algorithms for primality... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Symbolic reasoning Summary Symbolic_math In mathematics and computer science, computer algebra, also called symbolic computation or algebraic computation, is a scientific area that refers to the study and development of algorithms and software for manipulating mathematical expressions and other mathematical objects. Al... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
4-connected graph Summary Connected_graph In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Currying Summary Currying In mathematics and computer science, currying is the technique of translating the evaluation of a function that takes multiple arguments into evaluating a sequence of functions, each with a single argument. For example, currying a function f {\displaystyle f} that takes three arguments creates... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Currying Summary Currying {\displaystyle Z.} This is a natural one-to-one correspondence between these two types of functions, so that the sets together with functions between them form a Cartesian closed category. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Currying Summary Currying The currying of a function with more than two arguments can then be defined by induction. Currying is related to, but not the same as, partial application. Currying is useful in both practical and theoretical settings. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Currying Summary Currying In functional programming languages, and many others, it provides a way of automatically managing how arguments are passed to functions and exceptions. In theoretical computer science, it provides a way to study functions with multiple arguments in simpler theoretical models which provide only... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Currying Summary Currying It was introduced by Gottlob Frege, developed by Moses Schönfinkel, and further developed by Haskell Curry.Uncurrying is the dual transformation to currying, and can be seen as a form of defunctionalization. It takes a function f {\displaystyle f} whose return value is another function g {\dis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Graph edit distance Summary Graph_edit_distance In mathematics and computer science, graph edit distance (GED) is a measure of similarity (or dissimilarity) between two graphs. The concept of graph edit distance was first formalized mathematically by Alberto Sanfeliu and King-Sun Fu in 1983. A major application of grap... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Perfect code Summary Perfect_code In mathematics and computer science, in the field of coding theory, the Hamming bound is a limit on the parameters of an arbitrary block code: it is also known as the sphere-packing bound or the volume bound from an interpretation in terms of packing balls in the Hamming metric into th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Mutually recursive Summary Mutually_recursive In mathematics and computer science, mutual recursion is a form of recursion where two mathematical or computational objects, such as functions or datatypes, are defined in terms of each other. Mutual recursion is very common in functional programming and in some problem do... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Addition-chain exponentiation Summary Addition-chain_exponentiation In mathematics and computer science, optimal addition-chain exponentiation is a method of exponentiation by a positive integer power that requires a minimal number of multiplications. Using the form of the shortest addition chain, with multiplication i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Addition-chain exponentiation Summary Addition-chain_exponentiation More generally, addition-chain exponentiation may also refer to exponentiation by non-minimal addition chains constructed by a variety of algorithms (since a shortest addition chain is very difficult to find). The shortest addition-chain algorithm requ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Addition-chain exponentiation Summary Addition-chain_exponentiation (binary, 6 multiplications) a 15 = ( 2 × a ) 3 {\displaystyle a^{15}=(^{2}\times a)^{3}\!} (shortest addition chain, 5 multiplications). a 15 = a 3 × ( 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle a^{15}=a^{3}\times (^{2})^{2}\!} | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Addition-chain exponentiation Summary Addition-chain_exponentiation (also shortest addition chain, 5 multiplications).On the other hand, the determination of a shortest addition chain is hard: no efficient optimal methods are currently known for arbitrary exponents, and the related problem of finding a shortest additio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Addition-chain exponentiation Summary Addition-chain_exponentiation There are also several methods to approximate a shortest addition chain, and which often require fewer multiplications than binary exponentiation; binary exponentiation itself is a suboptimal addition-chain algorithm. The optimal algorithm choice depen... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Polynomial evaluation Summary Polynomial_evaluation In mathematics and computer science, polynomial evaluation refers to computation of the value of a polynomial when its indeterminates are substituted for some values. In other words, evaluating the polynomial P ( x 1 , x 2 ) = 2 x 1 x 2 + x 1 3 + 4 {\displaystyle P(x_... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Polynomial evaluation Summary Polynomial_evaluation See also Polynomial ring § Polynomial evaluation For evaluating the univariate polynomial a n x n + a n − 1 x n − 1 + ⋯ + a 0 , {\displaystyle a_{n}x^{n}+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots +a_{0},} the most naive method would use n {\displaystyle n} multiplications to compute a n ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Symbolic-numeric computation Summary Symbolic-numeric_computation In mathematics and computer science, symbolic-numeric computation is the use of software that combines symbolic and numeric methods to solve problems. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
BIT predicate Summary BIT_predicate In mathematics and computer science, the BIT predicate, sometimes written BIT ( i , j ) {\displaystyle {\text{BIT}}(i,j)} , is a predicate that tests whether the j {\displaystyle j} th bit of the number i {\displaystyle i} (starting from the least significant digit) is 1, when i {\di... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Entscheidungsproblem Summary Church's_theorem In mathematics and computer science, the Entscheidungsproblem (German for 'decision problem'; pronounced ) is a challenge posed by David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann in 1928. The problem asks for an algorithm that considers, as input, a statement and answers "yes" or "no" ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Krohn–Rhodes theory Summary Krohn–Rhodes_theory In mathematics and computer science, the Krohn–Rhodes theory (or algebraic automata theory) is an approach to the study of finite semigroups and automata that seeks to decompose them in terms of elementary components. These components correspond to finite aperiodic semigr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Binary Goppa code Summary Binary_Goppa_code In mathematics and computer science, the binary Goppa code is an error-correcting code that belongs to the class of general Goppa codes originally described by Valerii Denisovich Goppa, but the binary structure gives it several mathematical advantages over non-binary variants... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Critical exponent of a word Summary Critical_exponent_of_a_word In mathematics and computer science, the critical exponent of a finite or infinite sequence of symbols over a finite alphabet describes the largest number of times a contiguous subsequence can be repeated. For example, the critical exponent of "Mississippi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Floor function Summary Fractional_part_function In mathematics and computer science, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Fuzzy concept Fuzzy logic Fuzzy_concept > Applications > Fuzzy logic In mathematics and computer science, the gradations of applicable meaning of a fuzzy concept are described in terms of quantitative relationships defined by logical operators. Such an approach is sometimes called "degree-theoretic semantics" by logici... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Fuzzy concept Fuzzy logic Fuzzy_concept > Applications > Fuzzy logic Susan Haack comments: "Whereas in classical set theory an object either is or is not a member of a given set, in fuzzy set theory membership is a matter of degree; the degree of membership of an object in a fuzzy set is represented by some real number... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Middle-square method Summary Middle-square_method In mathematics and computer science, the middle-square method is a method of generating pseudorandom numbers. In practice it is a highly flawed method for many practical purposes, since its period is usually very short and it has some severe weaknesses; repeated enough ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Pinwheel scheduling Summary Pinwheel_scheduling In mathematics and computer science, the pinwheel scheduling problem is a problem in real-time scheduling with repeating tasks of unit length and hard constraints on the time between repetitions. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Probabilistic finite automata Summary Probabilistic_automaton In mathematics and computer science, the probabilistic automaton (PA) is a generalization of the nondeterministic finite automaton; it includes the probability of a given transition into the transition function, turning it into a transition matrix. Thus, the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Probabilistic finite automata Summary Probabilistic_automaton The number of stochastic languages is uncountable. The concept was introduced by Michael O. Rabin in 1963; a certain special case is sometimes known as the Rabin automaton (not to be confused with the subclass of ω-automata also referred to as Rabin automata... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Method of conditional probabilities Summary Pessimistic_estimator In mathematics and computer science, the probabilistic method is used to prove the existence of mathematical objects with desired combinatorial properties. The proofs are probabilistic — they work by showing that a random object, chosen from some probabi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Method of conditional probabilities Summary Pessimistic_estimator That is, the method derandomizes the proof. The basic idea is to replace each random choice in a random experiment by a deterministic choice, so as to keep the conditional probability of failure, given the choices so far, below 1. The method is particula... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Quotient of a formal language Summary Quotient_of_a_formal_language In mathematics and computer science, the right quotient (or simply quotient) of a language L 1 {\displaystyle L_{1}} with respect to language L 2 {\displaystyle L_{2}} is the language consisting of strings w such that wx is in L 1 {\displaystyle L_{1}}... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Sorting number Summary Sorting_number In mathematics and computer science, the sorting numbers are a sequence of numbers introduced in 1950 by Hugo Steinhaus for the analysis of comparison sort algorithms. These numbers give the worst-case number of comparisons used by both binary insertion sort and merge sort. However... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Syntactic semigroup Summary Syntactic_semigroup In mathematics and computer science, the syntactic monoid M ( L ) {\displaystyle M(L)} of a formal language L {\displaystyle L} is the smallest monoid that recognizes the language L {\displaystyle L} . | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Trace theory Summary Trace_theory In mathematics and computer science, trace theory aims to provide a concrete mathematical underpinning for the study of concurrent computation and process calculi. The underpinning is provided by an algebraic definition of the free partially commutative monoid or trace monoid, or equiv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Trunc (command) Summary Truncation In mathematics and computer science, truncation is limiting the number of digits right of the decimal point. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Fibonacci coding Summary Fibonacci_coding In mathematics and computing, Fibonacci coding is a universal code which encodes positive integers into binary code words. It is one example of representations of integers based on Fibonacci numbers. Each code word ends with "11" and contains no other instances of "11" before t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Decimal comma Radix point Decimal_period > History > Radix point In mathematics and computing, a radix point or radix character is a symbol used in the display of numbers to separate the integer part of the value from its fractional part. In English and many other languages (including many that are written right-to-lef... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Decimal comma Radix point Decimal_period > History > Radix point It is important to know which notation is being used when working in different software programs. The respective ISO standard defines both the comma and the small dot as decimal markers, but does not explicitly define universal radix marks for bases other... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Root-finding algorithms Summary Root_finding_of_polynomials In mathematics and computing, a root-finding algorithm is an algorithm for finding zeros, also called "roots", of continuous functions. A zero of a function f, from the real numbers to real numbers or from the complex numbers to the complex numbers, is a numbe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Root-finding algorithms Summary Root_finding_of_polynomials However, most root-finding algorithms do not guarantee that they will find all the roots; in particular, if such an algorithm does not find any root, that does not mean that no root exists. Most numerical root-finding methods use iteration, producing a sequenc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Root-finding algorithms Summary Root_finding_of_polynomials Since the iteration must be stopped at some point, these methods produce an approximation to the root, not an exact solution. Many methods compute subsequent values by evaluating an auxiliary function on the preceding values. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Root-finding algorithms Summary Root_finding_of_polynomials The limit is thus a fixed point of the auxiliary function, which is chosen for having the roots of the original equation as fixed points, and for converging rapidly to these fixed points. The behavior of general root-finding algorithms is studied in numerical ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Root-finding algorithms Summary Root_finding_of_polynomials The efficiency of an algorithm may depend dramatically on the characteristics of the given functions. For example, many algorithms use the derivative of the input function, while others work on every continuous function. In general, numerical algorithms are no... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Triangular array Summary Triangular_array In mathematics and computing, a triangular array of numbers, polynomials, or the like, is a doubly indexed sequence in which each row is only as long as the row's own index. That is, the ith row contains only i elements. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Levenberg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm Summary Levenberg–Marquardt_algorithm In mathematics and computing, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA or just LM), also known as the damped least-squares (DLS) method, is used to solve non-linear least squares problems. These minimization problems arise... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Levenberg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm Summary Levenberg–Marquardt_algorithm The LMA is more robust than the GNA, which means that in many cases it finds a solution even if it starts very far off the final minimum. For well-behaved functions and reasonable starting parameters, the LMA tends to be... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Levenberg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm Summary Levenberg–Marquardt_algorithm The algorithm was first published in 1944 by Kenneth Levenberg, while working at the Frankford Army Arsenal. It was rediscovered in 1963 by Donald Marquardt, who worked as a statistician at DuPont, and independently by G... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hex format Summary Hexadecimal In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, mo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hex format Summary Hexadecimal For example, an 8-bit byte can have values ranging from 00000000 to 11111111 (0 to 255 decimal) in binary form, which can be conveniently represented as 00 to FF in hexadecimal. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value 24,779 would ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hex format Summary Hexadecimal In programming, several notations denote hexadecimal numbers, usually involving a prefix. The prefix 0x is used in C, which would denote this value as 0x60CB. Hexadecimal is used in the transfer encoding Base16, in which each byte of the plaintext is broken into two 4-bit values and repre... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hex digit Summary Hex_digit In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hex digit Summary Hex_digit For example, an 8-bit byte can have values ranging from 00000000 to 11111111 (0 to 255 decimal) in binary form, which can be conveniently represented as 00 to FF in hexadecimal. In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value 30,227 would be ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hex digit Summary Hex_digit In programming, several notations denote hexadecimal numbers, usually involving a prefix. The prefix 0x is used in C, which would denote this value as 0x7613. Hexadecimal is used in the transfer encoding Base16, in which each byte of the plaintext is broken into two 4-bit values and represen... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Method of complements Summary Nines_complement In mathematics and computing, the method of complements is a technique to encode a symmetric range of positive and negative integers in a way that they can use the same algorithm (or mechanism) for addition throughout the whole range. For a given number of places half of t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Method of complements Summary Nines_complement Changing the sign of any number is encoded by generating its complement, which can be done by a very simple and efficient algorithm. This method was commonly used in mechanical calculators and is still used in modern computers. The generalized concept of the radix compleme... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Method of complements Summary Nines_complement The nines' complement of a number given in decimal representation is formed by replacing each digit with nine minus that digit. To subtract a decimal number y (the subtrahend) from another number x (the minuend) two methods may be used: In the first method the nines' compl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Method of complements Summary Nines_complement The leftmost digit '1' of the result is then discarded. Discarding the leftmost '1' is especially convenient on calculators or computers that use a fixed number of digits: there is nowhere for it to go so it is simply lost during the calculation. The nines' complement plus... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Universal hashing Summary Universal_hashing In mathematics and computing, universal hashing (in a randomized algorithm or data structure) refers to selecting a hash function at random from a family of hash functions with a certain mathematical property (see definition below). This guarantees a low number of collisions ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
H square Summary H_square In mathematics and control theory, H2, or H-square is a Hardy space with square norm. It is a subspace of L2 space, and is thus a Hilbert space. In particular, it is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Corner solution Summary Corner_solution In mathematics and economics, a corner solution is a special solution to an agent's maximization problem in which the quantity of one of the arguments in the maximized function is zero. In non-technical terms, a corner solution is when the chooser is either unwilling or unable to... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Arc elasticity Summary Arc_elasticity In mathematics and economics, the arc elasticity is the elasticity of one variable with respect to another between two given points. It is the ratio of the percentage change of one of the variables between the two points to the percentage change of the other variable. It contrasts ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Envelope Theorem Summary Envelope_Theorem In mathematics and economics, the envelope theorem is a major result about the differentiability properties of the value function of a parameterized optimization problem. As we change parameters of the objective, the envelope theorem shows that, in a certain sense, changes in t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Optimal transport problem Summary Optimal_transport_problem In mathematics and economics, transportation theory or transport theory is a name given to the study of optimal transportation and allocation of resources. The problem was formalized by the French mathematician Gaspard Monge in 1781.In the 1920s A.N. Tolstoi w... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Extended binary Golay code Summary Binary_Golay_code In mathematics and electronics engineering, a binary Golay code is a type of linear error-correcting code used in digital communications. The binary Golay code, along with the ternary Golay code, has a particularly deep and interesting connection to the theory of fin... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Cavity Perturbation Theory Summary Cavity_Perturbation_Theory In mathematics and electronics, Cavity perturbation theory describes methods for derivation of perturbation formulae for performance changes of a cavity resonator. These performance changes are assumed to be caused by either introduction of a small foreign o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Quantification (science) Summary Scientific_measurements In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantities. Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the scientific method. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Kobayashi metric Summary Kobayashi_metric In mathematics and especially complex geometry, the Kobayashi metric is a pseudometric intrinsically associated to any complex manifold. It was introduced by Shoshichi Kobayashi in 1967. Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds are an important class of complex manifolds, defined by the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Kähler manifold Summary Kahler_metrics In mathematics and especially differential geometry, a Kähler manifold is a manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure. The concept was first studied by Jan Arnoldus Schouten and David van Dantzig in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Kähler manifold Summary Kahler_metrics Kähler geometry refers to the study of Kähler manifolds, their geometry and topology, as well as the study of structures and constructions that can be performed on Kähler manifolds, such as the existence of special connections like Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, or special metr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Airport problem Summary Airport_problem In mathematics and especially game theory, the airport problem is a type of fair division problem in which it is decided how to distribute the cost of an airport runway among different players who need runways of different lengths. The problem was introduced by S. C. Littlechild ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Stanley symmetric function Summary Stanley_symmetric_function In mathematics and especially in algebraic combinatorics, the Stanley symmetric functions are a family of symmetric functions introduced by Richard Stanley (1984) in his study of the symmetric group of permutations. Formally, the Stanley symmetric function F... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Stanley symmetric function Summary Stanley_symmetric_function They were introduced in the course of Stanley's enumeration of the reduced decompositions of permutations, and in particular his proof that the permutation w0 = n(n − 1)...21 (written here in one-line notation) has exactly ( n 2 ) ! 1 n − 1 ⋅ 3 n − 2 ⋅ 5 n −... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Plane partition Summary Plane_partition In mathematics and especially in combinatorics, a plane partition is a two-dimensional array of nonnegative integers π i , j {\displaystyle \pi _{i,j}} (with positive integer indices i and j) that is nonincreasing in both indices. This means that π i , j ≥ π i , j + 1 {\displayst... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Plane partition Summary Plane_partition The image has matrix form 4 4 3 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}4&4&3&2&1\\4&3&1&1\\3&2&1\\1\end{matrix}}} Plane partitions are also often described by the positions of the unit cubes. From this point of view, a plane partition can be defined as a finite subset ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Plane partition Summary Plane_partition {\displaystyle n=\sum _{i,j}\pi _{i,j}.} The sum describes the number of cubes of which the plane partition consists. Much interest in plane partitions concerns the enumeration of plane partitions in various classes. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Plane partition Summary Plane_partition The number of plane partitions with sum n is denoted by PL(n). For example, there are six plane partitions with sum 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}3\end{matrix}}\qquad {\begin{matrix}2&1\end{matrix}}\qquad {\begin{matrix}1&1&1\end{matrix}}\qquad {\beg... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Sum of reciprocals Summary List_of_sums_of_reciprocals In mathematics and especially number theory, the sum of reciprocals generally is computed for the reciprocals of some or all of the positive integers (counting numbers)—that is, it is generally the sum of unit fractions. If infinitely many numbers have their recipr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Decomposable operator Summary Direct_integral In mathematics and functional analysis a direct integral or Hilbert integral is a generalization of the concept of direct sum. The theory is most developed for direct integrals of Hilbert spaces and direct integrals of von Neumann algebras. The concept was introduced in 194... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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