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Differential inclusion Summary Differential_inclusion In mathematics, differential inclusions are a generalization of the concept of ordinary differential equation of the form d x d t ( t ) ∈ F ( t , x ( t ) ) , {\displaystyle {\frac {dx}{dt}}(t)\in F(t,x(t)),} where F is a multivalued map, i.e. F(t, x) is a set rather...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential inclusion Summary Differential_inclusion In differential inclusion, we not only take a set-valued map at the right hand side but also we can take a subset of a Euclidean space R N {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{N}} for some N ∈ N {\displaystyle N\in \mathbb {N} } as following way. Let n ∈ N {\displaystyle n\...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential of the first kind Summary Holomorphic_differential In mathematics, differential of the first kind is a traditional term used in the theories of Riemann surfaces (more generally, complex manifolds) and algebraic curves (more generally, algebraic varieties), for everywhere-regular differential 1-forms. Given...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential of the first kind Summary Holomorphic_differential They include for example the hyperelliptic integrals of type ∫ x k d x Q ( x ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {x^{k}\,dx}{\sqrt {Q(x)}}}} where Q is a square-free polynomial of any given degree > 4. The allowable power k has to be determined by analysis of the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential (mathematics) Summary Differential_element In mathematics, differential refers to several related notions derived from the early days of calculus, put on a rigorous footing, such as infinitesimal differences and the derivatives of functions.The term is used in various branches of mathematics such as calcul...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology In mathematics, differential topology is the field dealing with the topological properties and smooth properties of smooth manifolds. In this sense differential topology is distinct from the closely related field of differential geometry, which concerns the geometric ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology The central goal of the field of differential topology is the classification of all smooth manifolds up to diffeomorphism. Since dimension is an invariant of smooth manifolds up to diffeomorphism type, this classification is often studied by classifying the (connected...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology This is the famous classification of closed surfaces. Already in dimension two the classification of non-compact surfaces becomes difficult, due to the existence of exotic spaces such as Jacob's ladder. In dimension 3, William Thurston's geometrization conjecture, pro...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology Included in this theorem is the Poincaré conjecture, which states that any closed, simply connected three-manifold is homeomorphic (and in fact diffeomorphic) to the 3-sphere.Beginning in dimension 4, the classification becomes much more difficult for two reasons. Fir...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology By the word problem for groups, which is equivalent to the halting problem, it is impossible to classify such groups, so a full topological classification is impossible. Secondly, beginning in dimension four it is possible to have smooth manifolds that are homeomorphi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology This means that the study of differential topology in dimensions 4 and higher must use tools genuinely outside the realm of the regular continuous topology of topological manifolds. One of the central open problems in differential topology is the four-dimensional smoo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology This conjecture is true in dimensions 1, 2, and 3, by the above classification results, but is known to be false in dimension 7 due to the Milnor spheres. Important tools in studying the differential topology of smooth manifolds include the construction of smooth topo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology Oftentimes more geometric or analytical techniques may be used, by equipping a smooth manifold with a Riemannian metric or by studying a differential equation on it. Care must be taken to ensure that the resulting information is insensitive to this choice of extra str...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Differential Topology Summary Differential_Topology For example, the Hodge theorem provides a geometric and analytical interpretation of the de Rham cohomology, and gauge theory was used by Simon Donaldson to prove facts about the intersection form of simply connected 4-manifolds. In some cases techniques from contempo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Digital Morse theory Summary Digital_Morse_theory In mathematics, digital Morse theory is a digital adaptation of continuum Morse theory for scalar volume data. This is not about the Samuel Morse's Morse code of long and short clicks or tones used in manual electric telegraphy. The term was first promulgated by DB Karr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Dimension theory (algebra) Summary Dimension_theory_(algebra) In mathematics, dimension theory is the study in terms of commutative algebra of the notion dimension of an algebraic variety (and by extension that of a scheme). The need of a theory for such an apparently simple notion results from the existence of many de...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Dimension theory (algebra) Summary Dimension_theory_(algebra) In this case, which is the algebraic counterpart of the case of affine algebraic sets, most of the definitions of the dimension are equivalent. For general commutative rings, the lack of geometric interpretation is an obstacle to the development of the theor...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Directed algebraic topology Summary Directed_algebraic_topology In mathematics, directed algebraic topology is a refinement of algebraic topology for directed spaces, topological spaces and their combinatorial counterparts equipped with some notion of direction. Some common examples of directed spaces are spacetimes an...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Directed algebraic topology Summary Directed_algebraic_topology For example, homotopy groups and fundamental n-groupoids of spaces generalize to homotopy monoids and fundamental n-categories of directed spaces. Directed algebraic topology, like algebraic topology, is motivated by the need to describe qualitative proper...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Discrepancy theory Summary Discrepancy_theory In mathematics, discrepancy theory describes the deviation of a situation from the state one would like it to be in. It is also called the theory of irregularities of distribution. This refers to the theme of classical discrepancy theory, namely distributing points in some ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Discrepancy theory Summary Discrepancy_theory The discrepancy (irregularity) measures how far a given distribution deviates from an ideal one. Discrepancy theory can be described as the study of inevitable irregularities of distributions, in measure-theoretic and combinatorial settings. Just as Ramsey theory elucidates...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Gram polynomial Summary Discrete_Chebyshev_polynomial In mathematics, discrete Chebyshev polynomials, or Gram polynomials, are a type of discrete orthogonal polynomials used in approximation theory, introduced by Pafnuty Chebyshev and rediscovered by Gram. They were later found to be applicable to various algebraic pro...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Divided differences Summary Divided_differences In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation.Divided differen...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity In mathematics, division by infinity is division where the divisor (denominator) is infinity. In ordinary arithmetic, this does not have a well-defined meaning, since infinity is a mathematical concept that does not correspond to a specific number, and moreover, there i...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity For example, on the extended real number line, dividing any real number by infinity yields zero, while in the surreal number system, dividing 1 by the infinite number ω {\displaystyle \omega } yields the infinitesimal number ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } . : 12 In floatin...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity The challenges of providing a rigorous meaning of "division by infinity" are analogous to those of defining division by zero. Within the domain of mathematical discourse, the contemplation of dividing infinity by itself gives rise to a proposition of interest. Specifica...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity A logical journey unveils the underpinnings of this concept and its mathematical validity. Consider a parameter denoted as "y," which, for the sake of analysis, is assigned the value 10.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity The crux of the matter rests in the equation ∞ ÷ y = ∞, where the introduction of y introduces an essential condition. To render the equation coherent, y must assume a magnitude that is sufficiently vast to accommodate the division operation involving infinity. This req...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity However, the narrative takes a noteworthy turn as we transition to the equation y × ∞ = ∞. This equation signifies a transformation of the division operation into one of multiplication. In essence, this transition underscores a relationship where division of infinity fi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by infinity Summary Division_by_infinity Moreover, it's worth mentioning that if we carry forward the same line of thinking, something fascinating emerges. When we take infinity and divide it by a regular number like 10, the result still holds true: it's infinity. This adds another layer of insight to our math...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by two Summary Division_by_two In mathematics, division by two or halving has also been called mediation or dimidiation. The treatment of this as a different operation from multiplication and division by other numbers goes back to the ancient Egyptians, whose multiplication algorithm used division by two as on...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by zero Summary Division_by_zero In mathematics, division by zero is division where the divisor (denominator) is zero. Such a division can be formally expressed as a 0 {\textstyle {\tfrac {a}{0}}} , where a is the dividend (numerator). In ordinary arithmetic, the expression has no meaning, as there is no numbe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Division by zero Summary Division_by_zero Since any number multiplied by zero is zero, the expression 0 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {0}{0}}} is also undefined; when it is the form of a limit, it is an indeterminate form. Historically, one of the earliest recorded references to the mathematical impossibility of assigning a...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Duality theory for distributive lattices Summary Duality_theory_for_distributive_lattices In mathematics, duality theory for distributive lattices provides three different (but closely related) representations of bounded distributive lattices via Priestley spaces, spectral spaces, and pairwise Stone spaces. This dualit...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Duality theory for distributive lattices Summary Duality_theory_for_distributive_lattices The spectral space (X, τ+) is called the prime spectrum of L. The map φ+ is a lattice isomorphism from L onto the lattice of all compact open subsets of (X,τ+). In fact, each spectral space is homeomorphic to the prime spectrum of...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Duality theory for distributive lattices Summary Duality_theory_for_distributive_lattices The pairwise Stone space (X,τ+,τ−) is called the bitopological dual of L. Each pairwise Stone space is bi-homeomorphic to the bitopological dual of some bounded distributive lattice.Finally, let ≤ be set-theoretic inclusion on the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Duality theory for distributive lattices Summary Duality_theory_for_distributive_lattices The Priestley space (X,τ,≤) is called the Priestley dual of L. Each Priestley space is isomorphic to the Priestley dual of some bounded distributive lattice.Let Dist denote the category of bounded distributive lattices and bounded...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Dynamic equation Summary Dynamic_equation In mathematics, dynamic equation can refer to: difference equation in discrete time differential equation in continuous time time scale calculus in combined discrete and continuous time
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Stable roommates problem Summary Stable_roommates_problem In mathematics, economics and computer science, particularly in the fields of combinatorics, game theory and algorithms, the stable-roommate problem (SRP) is the problem of finding a stable matching for an even-sized set. A matching is a separation of the set in...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Stable roommates problem Summary Stable_roommates_problem It is commonly stated as: In a given instance of the stable-roommates problem (SRP), each of 2n participants ranks the others in strict order of preference. A matching is a set of n disjoint pairs of participants. A matching M in an instance of SRP is stable if ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Gale–Shapley algorithm Summary Gale-Shapley_algorithm In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the Gale–Shapley algorithm (also known as the deferred acceptance algorithm or propose-and-reject algorithm) is an algorithm for finding a solution to the stable matching problem, named for David Gale and Lloyd Shaple...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Lattice of stable matchings Summary Lattice_of_stable_matchings In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the lattice of stable matchings is a distributive lattice whose elements are stable matchings. For a given instance of the stable matching problem, this lattice provides an algebraic description of the famil...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Lattice of stable matchings Summary Lattice_of_stable_matchings The family of all rotations and their partial order can be constructed in polynomial time, leading to polynomial time solutions for other problems on stable matching including the minimum or maximum weight stable matching. The Gale–Shapley algorithm can be...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Lattice of stable matchings Summary Lattice_of_stable_matchings Every finite distributive lattice can be represented as a lattice of stable matchings. The number of elements in the lattice can vary from an average case of e − 1 n ln ⁡ n {\displaystyle e^{-1}n\ln n} to a worst-case of exponential. Computing the number o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Stable marriage problem Summary Stable_matching In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable marriage problem (also stable matching problem or SMP) is the problem of finding a stable matching between two equally sized sets of elements given an ordering of preferences for each element. A matching is a bij...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Stable marriage problem Summary Stable_matching The stable marriage problem has been stated as follows: Given n men and n women, where each person has ranked all members of the opposite sex in order of preference, marry the men and women together such that there are no two people of opposite sex who would both rather h...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Stable matching polytope Summary Stable_matching_polytope In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable matching polytope or stable marriage polytope is a convex polytope derived from the solutions to an instance of the stable matching problem.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Effective dimension Summary Effective_dimension In mathematics, effective dimension is a modification of Hausdorff dimension and other fractal dimensions that places it in a computability theory setting. There are several variations (various notions of effective dimension) of which the most common is effective Hausdorf...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Effective dimension Summary Effective_dimension Hausdorff dimension generalizes the well-known integer dimensions assigned to points, lines, planes, etc. by allowing one to distinguish between objects of intermediate size between these integer-dimensional objects. For example, fractal subsets of the plane may have inte...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Elliptic cohomology Summary Elliptic_cohomology In mathematics, elliptic cohomology is a cohomology theory in the sense of algebraic topology. It is related to elliptic curves and modular forms.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Elliptic curve primality Summary Elliptic_curve_primality In mathematics, elliptic curve primality testing techniques, or elliptic curve primality proving (ECPP), are among the quickest and most widely used methods in primality proving. It is an idea put forward by Shafi Goldwasser and Joe Kilian in 1986 and turned int...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Elliptic curve primality Summary Elliptic_curve_primality Primality testing is a field that has been around since the time of Fermat, in whose time most algorithms were based on factoring, which become unwieldy with large input; modern algorithms treat the problems of determining whether a number is prime and what its ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Elliptic unit Summary Elliptic_unit In mathematics, elliptic units are certain units of abelian extensions of imaginary quadratic fields constructed using singular values of modular functions, or division values of elliptic functions. They were introduced by Gilles Robert in 1973, and were used by John Coates and Andre...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Endoscopic group Summary Endoscopic_group In mathematics, endoscopic groups of reductive algebraic groups were introduced by Robert Langlands (1979, 1983) in his work on the stable trace formula. Roughly speaking, an endoscopic group H of G is a quasi-split group whose L-group is the connected component of the centrali...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Clemens conjecture Summary Enumerative_geometry In mathematics, enumerative geometry is the branch of algebraic geometry concerned with counting numbers of solutions to geometric questions, mainly by means of intersection theory.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equality (mathematics) Summary Transitive_property_of_equality In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or, more generally two mathematical expressions, asserting that the quantities have the same value, or that the expressions represent the same mathematical object. The equality between A and ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equality (mathematics) Summary Transitive_property_of_equality For example: x = y {\displaystyle x=y} means that x and y denote the same object. The identity ( x + 1 ) 2 = x 2 + 2 x + 1 {\displaystyle (x+1)^{2}=x^{2}+2x+1} means that if x is any number, then the two expressions have the same value. This may also be int...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equality (mathematics) Summary Transitive_property_of_equality { x ∣ P ( x ) } = { x ∣ Q ( x ) } {\displaystyle \{x\mid P(x)\}=\{x\mid Q(x)\}} if and only if P ( x ) ⇔ Q ( x ) . {\displaystyle P(x)\Leftrightarrow Q(x).}
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equality (mathematics) Summary Transitive_property_of_equality This assertion, which uses set-builder notation, means that if the elements satisfying the property P ( x ) {\displaystyle P(x)} are the same as the elements satisfying Q ( x ) , {\displaystyle Q(x),} then the two uses of the set-builder notation define the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures Summary Equivalent_definitions_of_mathematical_structures In mathematics, equivalent definitions are used in two somewhat different ways. First, within a particular mathematical theory (for example, Euclidean geometry), a notion (for example, ellipse or minimal surface)...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures Summary Equivalent_definitions_of_mathematical_structures In the former case, equivalence of two definitions means that a mathematical object (for example, geometric body) satisfies one definition if and only if it satisfies the other definition. In the latter case, the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivariant morphism Summary Intertwining_operator In mathematics, equivariance is a form of symmetry for functions from one space with symmetry to another (such as symmetric spaces). A function is said to be an equivariant map when its domain and codomain are acted on by the same symmetry group, and when the function ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivariant morphism Summary Intertwining_operator The value of an equivariant map is often (imprecisely) called an invariant. In statistical inference, equivariance under statistical transformations of data is an important property of various estimation methods; see invariant estimator for details. In pure mathematics...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivariant cohomology ring Summary Equivariant_homology_theory In mathematics, equivariant cohomology (or Borel cohomology) is a cohomology theory from algebraic topology which applies to topological spaces with a group action. It can be viewed as a common generalization of group cohomology and an ordinary cohomology ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivariant cohomology ring Summary Equivariant_homology_theory If G {\displaystyle G} is the trivial group, this is the ordinary cohomology ring of X {\displaystyle X} , whereas if X {\displaystyle X} is contractible, it reduces to the cohomology ring of the classifying space B G {\displaystyle BG} (that is, the group...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Equivariant algebraic topoloy Summary Equivariant_topology In mathematics, equivariant topology is the study of topological spaces that possess certain symmetries. In studying topological spaces, one often considers continuous maps f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} , and while equivariant topology also considers such m...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Ergodic flow Summary Ergodic_flow In mathematics, ergodic flows occur in geometry, through the geodesic and horocycle flows of closed hyperbolic surfaces. Both of these examples have been understood in terms of the theory of unitary representations of locally compact groups: if Γ is the fundamental group of a closed su...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Unique ergodicity Summary Uniquely_ergodic In mathematics, ergodicity expresses the idea that a point of a moving system, either a dynamical system or a stochastic process, will eventually visit all parts of the space that the system moves in, in a uniform and random sense. This implies that the average behavior of the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Unique ergodicity Summary Uniquely_ergodic Ergodic theory is the study of systems possessing ergodicity. Ergodic systems occur in a broad range of systems in physics and in geometry. This can be roughly understood to be due to a common phenomenon: the motion of particles, that is, geodesics on a hyperbolic manifold are...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Unique ergodicity Summary Uniquely_ergodic Ergodic systems capture the common-sense, every-day notions of randomness, such that smoke might come to fill all of a smoke-filled room, or that a block of metal might eventually come to have the same temperature throughout, or that flips of a fair coin may come up heads and ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Error analysis (mathematics) Summary Backward_error_analysis In mathematics, error analysis is the study of kind and quantity of error, or uncertainty, that may be present in the solution to a problem. This issue is particularly prominent in applied areas such as numerical analysis and statistics.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Categorical Algebra Summary Categorical_Algebra In mathematics, especially (higher) category theory, higher-dimensional algebra is the study of categorified structures. It has applications in nonabelian algebraic topology, and generalizes abstract algebra.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
List of problems in loop theory and quasigroup theory Summary List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory In mathematics, especially abstract algebra, loop theory and quasigroup theory are active research areas with many open problems. As in other areas of mathematics, such problems are often made public at p...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bass conjecture Summary Bass_conjecture In mathematics, especially algebraic geometry, the Bass conjecture says that certain algebraic K-groups are supposed to be finitely generated. The conjecture was proposed by Hyman Bass.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Decomposition theorem of Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne Summary Decomposition_theorem_of_Beilinson,_Bernstein_and_Deligne In mathematics, especially algebraic geometry, the decomposition theorem of Beilinson, Bernstein and Deligne or BBD decomposition theorem is a set of results concerning the cohomology of algebraic...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Recession cone Summary Recession_cone In mathematics, especially convex analysis, the recession cone of a set A {\displaystyle A} is a cone containing all vectors such that A {\displaystyle A} recedes in that direction. That is, the set extends outward in all the directions given by the recession cone.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cotangent manifold Summary Cotangent_manifold In mathematics, especially differential geometry, the cotangent bundle of a smooth manifold is the vector bundle of all the cotangent spaces at every point in the manifold. It may be described also as the dual bundle to the tangent bundle. This may be generalized to categor...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bessel's inequality Summary Bessel's_inequality In mathematics, especially functional analysis, Bessel's inequality is a statement about the coefficients of an element x {\displaystyle x} in a Hilbert space with respect to an orthonormal sequence. The inequality was derived by F.W. Bessel in 1828.Let H {\displaystyle H...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bessel's inequality Summary Bessel's_inequality . . {\displaystyle e_{1},e_{2},...} is an orthonormal sequence in H {\displaystyle H} .
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Banach ring Summary Banach_algebras In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a Banach algebra, named after Stefan Banach, is an associative algebra A {\displaystyle A} over the real or complex numbers (or over a non-Archimedean complete normed field) that at the same time is also a Banach space, that is, a norme...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Banach ring Summary Banach_algebras Often one assumes a priori that the algebra under consideration is unital: for one can develop much of the theory by considering A e {\displaystyle A_{e}} and then applying the outcome in the original algebra. However, this is not the case all the time. For example, one cannot define...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Banach ring Summary Banach_algebras The theory of real Banach algebras can be very different from the theory of complex Banach algebras. For example, the spectrum of an element of a nontrivial complex Banach algebra can never be empty, whereas in a real Banach algebra it could be empty for some elements. Banach algebra...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fréchet algebra Summary Fréchet_algebra In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a Fréchet algebra, named after Maurice René Fréchet, is an associative algebra A {\displaystyle A} over the real or complex numbers that at the same time is also a (locally convex) Fréchet space. The multiplication operation ( a , b...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fréchet algebra Summary Fréchet_algebra In that case, by rescaling the seminorms, we may also take C n = 1 {\displaystyle C_{n}=1} for each n {\displaystyle n} and the seminorms are said to be submultiplicative: ‖ a b ‖ n ≤ ‖ a ‖ n ‖ b ‖ n {\displaystyle \|ab\|_{n}\leq \|a\|_{n}\|b\|_{n}} for all a , b ∈ A . {\displays...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Vector bornology Summary Vector_bornology In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a bornology B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} on a vector space X {\displaystyle X} over a field K , {\displaystyle \mathbb {K} ,} where K {\displaystyle \mathbb {K} } has a bornology ℬ F {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} } , is called a ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bornology Summary Bornology In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a bornology on a set X is a collection of subsets of X satisfying axioms that generalize the notion of boundedness. One of the key motivations behind bornologies and bornological analysis is the fact that bornological spaces provide a convenien...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Hypercyclic operator Summary Hypercyclic_vector In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a hypercyclic operator on a Banach space X is a bounded linear operator T: X → X such that there is a vector x ∈ X such that the sequence {Tn x: n = 0, 1, 2, …} is dense in the whole space X. In other words, the smallest clo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Hypercyclic operator Summary Hypercyclic_vector The hypercyclicity is a special case of broader notions of topological transitivity (see topological mixing), and universality. Universality in general involves a set of mappings from one topological space to another (instead of a sequence of powers of a single operator m...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Normal operator Summary Normal_operator In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a normal operator on a complex Hilbert space H is a continuous linear operator N: H → H that commutes with its hermitian adjoint N*, that is: NN* = N*N.Normal operators are important because the spectral theorem holds for them. The ...
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Quasitrace Summary Quasitrace In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a quasitrace is a not necessarily additive tracial functional on a C*-algebra. An additive quasitrace is called a trace. It is a major open problem if every quasitrace is a trace.
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Exhaustion by compact sets Summary Exhaustion_by_compact_sets In mathematics, especially general topology and analysis, an exhaustion by compact sets of a topological space X {\displaystyle X} is a nested sequence of compact subsets K i {\displaystyle K_{i}} of X {\displaystyle X} (i.e. K 1 ⊆ K 2 ⊆ K 3 ⊆ ⋯ {\displaysty...
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Knit product Summary Knit_product In mathematics, especially group theory, the Zappa–Szép product (also known as the Zappa–Rédei–Szép product, general product, knit product, exact factorization or bicrossed product) describes a way in which a group can be constructed from two subgroups. It is a generalization of the di...
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Knit product Summary Knit_product Neumann (1935), G.A. Miller (1935), and J.A. de Séguier (1904).
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Normalizer (group theory) Summary Self-normalizing_subgroup In mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer (also called commutant) of a subset S in a group G is the set C G ⁡ ( S ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {C} _{G}(S)} of elements of G that commute with every element of S, or equivalently, such that conju...
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Normalizer (group theory) Summary Self-normalizing_subgroup In ring theory, the centralizer of a subset of a ring is defined with respect to the semigroup (multiplication) operation of the ring. The centralizer of a subset of a ring R is a subring of R. This article also deals with centralizers and normalizers in a Lie...
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Class number (group theory) Summary Conjugation_(group_theory) In mathematics, especially group theory, two elements a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} of a group are conjugate if there is an element g {\displaystyle g} in the group such that b = g a g − 1 . {\displaystyle b=gag^{-1}.} This is an equivalence r...
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Class number (group theory) Summary Conjugation_(group_theory) In other words, each conjugacy class is closed under b = g a g − 1 {\displaystyle b=gag^{-1}} for all elements g {\displaystyle g} in the group. Members of the same conjugacy class cannot be distinguished by using only the group structure, and therefore sha...
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Five Lemma Summary Five_Lemma In mathematics, especially homological algebra and other applications of abelian category theory, the five lemma is an important and widely used lemma about commutative diagrams. The five lemma is not only valid for abelian categories but also works in the category of groups, for example. ...
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Short five lemma Summary Short_five_lemma In mathematics, especially homological algebra and other applications of abelian category theory, the short five lemma is a special case of the five lemma. It states that for the following commutative diagram (in any abelian category, or in the category of groups), if the rows ...
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Differential graded category Summary Differential_graded_category In mathematics, especially homological algebra, a differential graded category, often shortened to dg-category or DG category, is a category whose morphism sets are endowed with the additional structure of a differential graded Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {...
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