| network,code,title,plain_english_meaning,response_deadline,key_evidence,winnability_label,source
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| Visa,10.4,Other Fraud — Card-Absent Environment,The cardholder says they did not authorize this card-not-present (online/phone) transaction. This is the most common e-commerce fraud chargeback.,30 days,AVS (address) and CVV2 match results from the authorization
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| Visa,10.3,Other Fraud — Card-Present Environment,"The cardholder disputes an in-person (card-present) transaction as fraudulent, claiming they did not authorize it at the point of sale.",30 days,EMV chip read or contactless transaction record
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| Visa,10.1,EMV Liability Shift Counterfeit Fraud,"A counterfeit card was used in person at a terminal that was not EMV chip-enabled, shifting fraud liability to the merchant.",30 days,Proof the terminal was EMV chip-enabled and the chip was read
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| Visa,10.2,EMV Liability Shift — Non-Counterfeit Fraud,"A lost or stolen card was used in person at a terminal that was not EMV chip-enabled, shifting fraud liability from the issuer to the merchant.",30 days,Proof the terminal was EMV chip-enabled and the chip was read (not a magstripe fallback)
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| Visa,13.1,Merchandise / Services Not Received,The cardholder paid but says they never received the merchandise or service by the expected date.,30 days,Carrier tracking showing delivery to the cardholder address
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| Visa,13.2,Cancelled Recurring Transaction,The cardholder says they cancelled a subscription or recurring billing but were charged anyway.,30 days,Your cancellation policy and the terms the customer accepted at sign-up
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| Visa,13.3,Not as Described or Defective Merchandise,The cardholder received the item but claims it was defective or significantly different from how you described it.,30 days,"Your product/service description exactly as shown at checkout; Photos, specs, or QA records proving what shipped matched the listing; Terms, return policy, and refund policy the customer accepted; Communication history about any resolution offered",Winnable with strong evidence,Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules
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| Visa,13.5,Misrepresentation,"The cardholder claims the terms of the sale were misrepresented — common with free trials, hidden recurring charges, or undisclosed terms.",30 days,Screenshots of the offer terms exactly as the customer saw them
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| Visa,13.6,Credit Not Processed,The cardholder says you promised a refund or credit that never appeared on their statement.,30 days,Processor refund confirmation with transaction/reference ID
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| Visa,13.7,Cancelled Merchandise / Services,The cardholder cancelled the order or returned the merchandise per policy but was still charged or not credited.,30 days,"Your cancellation / return policy as accepted at purchase; Records showing whether a valid cancellation or return occurred; Proof of any credit already issued, or that the cancellation was invalid",Winnable with strong evidence,Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules
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| Visa,12.5,Incorrect Amount,The cardholder was charged an amount different from what they authorized.,30 days,"The authorized amount vs. the settled amount with order detail; Itemized receipt or invoice the customer agreed to; Proof of any tip, tax, or adjustment the customer authorized",Winnable with strong evidence,Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules
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| Visa,12.6.1,Duplicate Processing,The cardholder says a single transaction was processed more than once.,30 days,"Distinct order IDs, auth codes, and line items for each charge; Proof each charge corresponds to a separate purchase; If a true duplicate, evidence the duplicate was already refunded",Often winnable,Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules
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| Visa,11.3,No Authorization,The transaction was completed without obtaining the required authorization approval.,30 days,Authorization approval code for the transaction
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| Visa,11.1,Card Recovery Bulletin,"The transaction was authorized below the merchant floor limit (or without authorization) at a time the account was listed on the Card Recovery Bulletin / exception file, so a required check was skipped.",30 days,Authorization approval code obtained for the transaction
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| Visa,11.2,Declined Authorization,"The transaction was completed after the authorization request was declined (or was processed without a fresh approval), so a charge went through that the issuer had not approved.",30 days,"Authorization approval code showing the transaction was actually approved; Records that the charge was not force-posted after a decline; Proof a fresh, valid authorization was obtained at the time of sale",Winnable with strong evidence,Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules
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| Visa,12.1,Late Presentment,"The transaction was submitted for settlement outside the timeframe the network allows after authorization, and the issuer was unable to recover funds from the account by the time it cleared.",30 days,Authorization date and settlement date showing the transaction was presented on time
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| Visa,10.5,Visa Fraud Monitoring Program,"The transaction was flagged under the Visa Fraud Monitoring Program (VFMP), which lets issuers dispute card-absent transactions on accounts the program has identified for excessive fraud activity.",30 days,AVS (address) and CVV2 match results from the authorization
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| Visa,13.4,Counterfeit Merchandise,"The cardholder claims the merchandise they received was counterfeit, and that a regulatory or governmental authority identified or seized it as counterfeit.",30 days,"Proof of authenticity or licensing for the merchandise (supplier invoices, brand authorization); The product description and listing the customer accepted at checkout; Documentation contradicting any claim that an authority identified the goods as counterfeit; Your return/refund policy and any resolution offered",Winnable with strong evidence,Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules
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| Visa,13.8,Original Credit Transaction Not Accepted,The cardholder declines an Original Credit Transaction (a push payment/credit to their card) — for example because it is prohibited in their jurisdiction or they did not want to accept the funds.,30 days,Records of the Original Credit Transaction and the cardholder agreement to receive it
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| Visa,13.9,Non-Receipt of Cash or Load Transaction Value,The cardholder says they did not receive the cash they requested at a terminal (such as an ATM or cash-back transaction) or the value they expected from loading a prepaid account.,30 days,Terminal / ATM dispense records and journal logs for the transaction
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| Mastercard,4837,No Cardholder Authorization,The cardholder claims they did not authorize or participate in the transaction — Mastercard’s primary fraud chargeback.,45 days,AVS and CVC2 match results from the authorization
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| Mastercard,4853,Cardholder Dispute (Goods/Services Not as Described or Defective),"A broad consumer-dispute code: goods or services not received, not as described, defective, or a cancelled recurring charge.",45 days,"The product/service description the customer accepted; Proof of delivery or proof the item matched the description; Terms, cancellation, and refund policy accepted at purchase; Communication history about any resolution offered",Winnable with strong evidence,Mastercard Chargeback Guide
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| Mastercard,4855,Goods or Services Not Provided,The cardholder paid but says the merchandise or service was never delivered or rendered.,45 days,Carrier tracking showing delivery to the cardholder
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| Mastercard,4834,Point-of-Interaction Error (Duplicate / Incorrect Amount),A processing error — the cardholder was charged more than once or for an incorrect amount.,45 days,Distinct order IDs and auth codes for each charge
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| Mastercard,4841,Cancelled Recurring or Digital Goods Transaction,The cardholder cancelled a recurring billing or digital subscription but was charged again.,45 days,Renewal terms and cancellation policy accepted at sign-up
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| Mastercard,4808,Authorization-Related Chargeback,"The transaction lacked a valid authorization, or the authorization was declined or expired.",45 days,Valid authorization approval code for the transaction
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| Mastercard,4863,Cardholder Does Not Recognize,The cardholder does not recognize the transaction on their statement (often a billing-descriptor confusion rather than true fraud).,45 days,"Clear billing-descriptor records matching your business name; Order details, receipt, and customer information; Proof the customer placed and received the order",Highly winnable,Mastercard Chargeback Guide
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| Mastercard,4870,Chip Liability Shift — Counterfeit Fraud,"A counterfeit card was used in a card-present transaction that was not processed via the EMV chip (for example a magstripe fallback on a chip-capable card), shifting counterfeit-fraud liability to the merchant. Mastercard's lost-or-stolen chip-liability variant is the separate code 4871.",45 days,Proof the terminal was EMV-certified and the chip was read (not a magstripe fallback)
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| Mastercard,4871,Chip Liability Shift — Lost / Stolen / Never Received Fraud,"Fraud occurred on a lost, stolen, or never-received card in a card-present transaction that was not completed with chip-and-PIN, shifting liability to the merchant.",45 days,Records that the terminal was EMV chip-and-PIN certified and the chip was read
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| Mastercard,4812,Account Number Not on File,The transaction was processed against a card account number that did not exist on the issuer’s file at the time of the transaction.,45 days,Authorization approval code and the account number as submitted
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| Mastercard,4850,Installment Billing Dispute,"In participating countries, the cardholder disputes an installment charge — for example claiming the installment plan was not what they agreed to, or that an installment was billed incorrectly.",45 days,The installment plan terms the cardholder accepted at purchase
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| American Express,F29,Card Not Present Fraud,The cardholder disputes a card-not-present transaction as fraudulent — Amex’s primary online fraud code.,20 days,AVS and CID match results from the authorization
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| American Express,C08,Goods/Services Not Received or Only Partially Received,"The cardholder paid but says they did not receive the goods or services, or received only part of the order.",20 days,Carrier tracking with delivery confirmation
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| American Express,C31,Goods/Services Not as Described,The cardholder received the item but says it was materially different from what was described.,20 days,The product description the customer accepted at checkout
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| American Express,C02,Credit Not Processed,The cardholder expected a credit or refund that was not processed.,20 days,Processor refund confirmation and reference ID
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| American Express,C04,Goods/Services Returned or Refused,The cardmember returned merchandise or refused delivery and claims a credit was not applied to their account.,20 days,"Your return and refund policy accepted at purchase; Proof the return did not meet your policy criteria, or that goods were not returned in acceptable condition; Refund confirmation and reference ID if a credit was already issued; Communication records about the return or refusal",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,C05,Goods/Services Cancelled,The cardholder cancelled the order or service but was charged or not refunded.,20 days,"Cancellation policy accepted at purchase; Records of whether a valid cancellation occurred; Usage during the period billed, or proof of credit issued",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,P05,Incorrect Charge Amount,The amount charged differs from the amount the cardholder authorized.,20 days,Authorized vs. settled amount with itemized detail
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| American Express,P08,Duplicate Charge,The cardholder says they were charged more than once for a single purchase.,20 days,Distinct order IDs and auth codes for each charge
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| American Express,F10,Missing Imprint,The cardholder disputes a transaction as fraudulent and Amex says no card imprint or equivalent record exists proving the card was present.,20 days,"Transaction record showing the card was read (chip, swipe, or contactless); Signed receipt or terminal record tying the card to the sale; Any imprint or point-of-sale capture of the card details",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,F14,Multiple ROCs,"The merchant submitted more than one Record of Charge (ROC) for the cardholder, and the cardholder denies participating in the additional charge records — saying they authorized one transaction, not the extra ones.",20 days,"A signed receipt or Record of Charge for the specific disputed charge; Proof each Record of Charge is a separate, authorized transaction (distinct order IDs, dates, or items); Evidence of a recurring or installment agreement if the extra charges were expected; Proof of any credit already issued if a genuine duplicate occurred",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,F24,No Cardmember Authorization,The cardholder acknowledges other purchases with you but says they did not authorize this specific transaction.,20 days,AVS and CID match results from the authorization
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| American Express,F30,EMV Counterfeit Fraud,"The cardholder denies a card-present transaction in which a counterfeit chip card was used, and the chip was not properly processed.",20 days,Proof the terminal was EMV chip-enabled and the chip was read
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| American Express,F31,EMV Lost / Stolen / Non-Received Fraud,"The cardholder denies a card-present transaction made with a lost, stolen, or never-received chip card that was not properly processed via the EMV chip.",20 days,Proof the terminal was EMV chip-and-PIN certified and the chip was read
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| American Express,A01,Charge Amount Exceeds Authorization Amount,The amount you billed was higher than the amount Amex authorized for the transaction.,20 days,"Authorization approval amount vs. the amount billed; Itemized record of any disclosed tip, tax, or adjustment; Proof the billed amount matched what the cardholder authorized",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,A02,No Valid Authorization,You did not obtain a valid authorization — the charge was declined or the card had expired when the transaction was processed.,20 days,Authorization approval code obtained at the time of sale
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| American Express,A08,Authorization Approval Expired,You submitted the transaction after the authorization approval had already expired.,20 days,Authorization date and the settlement date showing the charge was timely
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| American Express,C14,Paid by Other Means,The cardholder says they were billed on their Amex card for a purchase they already paid for by another method.,20 days,"Records showing the Amex charge corresponds to a distinct, unpaid purchase; Proof no other payment was applied to this same order; Itemized order and payment records",Often winnable,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,C18,“No Show” or CARDeposit Cancelled,"The cardholder says a lodging or reservation was cancelled, or that an expected credit for a CARDeposit charge was not received.",20 days,"Your cancellation / no-show policy as accepted at booking; Records showing whether a valid cancellation occurred within policy; Proof of any credit already issued, or that a no-show charge was valid",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,C28,Cancelled Recurring Billing,The cardholder says they cancelled a recurring or subscription charge but were billed anyway.,20 days,"Subscription terms and recurring-billing disclosure accepted at sign-up; Records showing no cancellation request was received before the billing date; Login or usage activity during the disputed billing period; Renewal notification sent before the charge, if applicable",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,M10,Vehicle Rental — Capital Damages,The cardholder disputes a charge you billed for capital damages to a rented vehicle.,20 days,"Rental agreement and the damage-liability terms the cardholder accepted; Documentation of the damage (inspection reports, photos, repair invoices); Proof the charged amount reflects the actual damage cost",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,M49,Vehicle Rental — Theft or Loss of Use,"The cardholder disputes a charge you billed for theft of, or loss of use of, a rented vehicle.",20 days,Rental agreement and the theft / loss-of-use terms the cardholder accepted
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| American Express,R03,Insufficient Reply,"Amex requested more information about a transaction and you replied, but the documentation provided was not sufficient to resolve the inquiry.",20 days,"The complete transaction record Amex requested (receipt, order, delivery proof); A clear written response addressing each point in the inquiry; Supporting documentation specific to the disputed transaction",Winnable with strong evidence,American Express Merchant Reference Guide and Dispute (Chargeback) documentation
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| American Express,R13,No Reply,"Amex sent an inquiry about a transaction and did not receive a response within the required time, so the dispute proceeded by default.",20 days,The complete transaction record Amex originally requested
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| Discover,UD,Unauthorized / Disputed (Cardmember Does Not Recognize),The Discover cardmember disputes the transaction as unauthorized or unrecognized.,30 days,AVS and CID match results
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| Discover,RG,Non-Receipt of Goods or Services,The Discover cardmember paid but says they never received the goods or services.,30 days,Carrier tracking with delivery confirmation
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| Discover,RM,Quality of Goods or Services (Not as Described),The cardmember received the item but says its quality or description was misrepresented.,30 days,Accurate product/service description accepted at checkout
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| Discover,CD,Credit Not Processed,The cardmember expected a credit or refund that was never processed.,30 days,Refund confirmation and reference ID
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| Discover,DP,Duplicate Processing,The cardmember says a single transaction was processed more than once.,30 days,Distinct order IDs and auth codes for each charge
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| Discover,AP,Recurring Payments,"The Discover cardmember disputes a recurring or subscription charge, typically claiming they cancelled or did not authorize the ongoing billing.",30 days,"Subscription terms and recurring billing disclosure accepted at sign-up; Cancellation policy and records showing no cancellation request was received before the billing date; Login or usage activity during the disputed billing period; Renewal notification sent before the charge, if applicable",Winnable with strong evidence,Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
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| Discover,AA,Does Not Recognize,The Discover cardmember does not recognize the transaction on their statement — a recognition dispute that often resolves once the merchant and purchase are identified.,30 days,"A clear billing descriptor and the merchant name shown to the cardmember; Order details, AVS/CID results, and device/IP tied to the cardmember; Delivery confirmation or proof of product use",Highly winnable,Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
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| Discover,NA,No Authorization,"The transaction was processed without obtaining a valid authorization — for example after a decline, or by bypassing the authorization request.",30 days,Authorization approval code obtained at the time of sale
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| Discover,IC,Illegible Sales Data,"The sales data or receipt the merchant provided was illegible, so the transaction details could not be read to resolve the dispute.",30 days,"A clear, legible copy of the sales receipt or transaction record; Itemized order details and the amount charged; Any supporting documentation tied to the transaction",Winnable with strong evidence,Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
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| Discover,UA,Fraud — Cardmember Does Not Recognize / Unauthorized,"The Discover cardmember claims the transaction was fraudulent or unauthorized — the merchant-facing fraud dispute code, with variants for card-present, card-not-present, and chip transactions.",30 days,"AVS and CID match results from the authorization; Device fingerprint / IP tied to the cardmember (card-not-present); EMV chip / PIN or signed receipt records (card-present); Delivery confirmation, proof of product use, and prior order history",Highly winnable,Discover Network Dispute Rules and Reason Code documentation
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