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os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGUSR1)
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send a signal `signal.SIGUSR1` to the current process
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bytes.fromhex('4a4b4c').decode('utf-8')
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decode a hex string '4a4b4c' to UTF-8.
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all(x == myList[0] for x in myList)
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check if all elements in list `myList` are identical
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print('%*s : %*s' % (20, 'Python', 20, 'Very Good'))
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format number of spaces between strings `Python`, `:` and `Very Good` to be `20`
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res = {k: v for k, v in list(kwargs.items()) if v is not None}
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get rid of None values in dictionary `kwargs`
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res = dict((k, v) for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None)
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get rid of None values in dictionary `kwargs`
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subprocess.check_output('ps -ef | grep something | wc -l', shell=True)
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capture final output of a chain of system commands `ps -ef | grep something | wc -l`
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"""""".join(['a', 'b', 'c'])
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concatenate a list of strings `['a', 'b', 'c']`
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pd.Series(list(set(s1).intersection(set(s2))))
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find intersection data between series `s1` and series `s2`
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client.send('HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n')
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sending http headers to `client`
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then = datetime.datetime.strptime(when, '%Y-%m-%d').date()
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Format a datetime string `when` to extract date only
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inputString.split('\n')
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split a multi-line string `inputString` into separate strings
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' a \n b \r\n c '.split('\n')
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Split a multi-line string ` a \n b \r\n c ` by new line character `\n`
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""":""".join(str(x) for x in b)
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concatenate elements of list `b` by a colon ":"
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Entry.objects.filter()[:1].get()
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get the first object from a queryset in django model `Entry`
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a.sum(axis=1)
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Calculate sum over all rows of 2D numpy array
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warnings.simplefilter('always')
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enable warnings using action 'always'
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print(' '.join(map(str, l)))
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concatenate items of list `l` with a space ' '
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subprocess.call(['python.exe', 'hello.py', 'htmlfilename.htm'])
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run script 'hello.py' with argument 'htmlfilename.htm' on terminal using python executable
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my_float = float(my_string.replace(',', ''))
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convert a string `my_string` with dot and comma into a float number `my_float`
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float('123,456.908'.replace(',', ''))
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convert a string `123,456.908` with dot and comma into a floating number
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sys.path.append('/path/to/whatever')
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set pythonpath in python script.
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re.split('(\\W+)', 'Words, words, words.')
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split string 'Words, words, words.' using a regex '(\\W+)'
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file = open('Output.txt', 'a')
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open a file `Output.txt` in append mode
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urllib.request.urlretrieve('http://www.example.com/songs/mp3.mp3', 'mp3.mp3')
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download a file "http://www.example.com/songs/mp3.mp3" over HTTP and save to "mp3.mp3"
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u = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
f = open(file_name, 'wb')
meta = u.info()
file_size = int(meta.getheaders('Content-Length')[0])
print(('Downloading: %s Bytes: %s' % (file_name, file_size)))
file_size_dl = 0
block_sz = 8192
while True:
buffer = u.read(block_sz)
if (not buffer):
break
file_size_dl += len(buffer)
f.write(buffer)
status = ('%10d [%3.2f%%]' % (file_size_dl, ((file_size_dl * 100.0) / file_size)))
status = (status + (chr(8) * (len(status) + 1)))
print(status, end=' ')
f.close()
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download a file `url` over HTTP and save to `file_name`
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response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com/')
html = response.read()
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download a file 'http://www.example.com/' over HTTP
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r = requests.get(url)
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download a file `url` over HTTP
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response = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open('10MB', 'wb') as handle:
for data in tqdm(response.iter_content()):
handle.write(data)
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download a file `url` over HTTP and save to "10MB"
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parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='%(prog)s 2.0')
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argparse add argument with flag '--version' and version action of '%(prog)s 2.0' to parser `parser`
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{i: d[i] for i in d if i != 'c'}
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remove key 'c' from dictionary `d`
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pd.merge(split_df, csv_df, on=['key'], suffixes=('_left', '_right'))
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Create new DataFrame object by merging columns "key" of dataframes `split_df` and `csv_df` and rename the columns from dataframes `split_df` and `csv_df` with suffix `_left` and `_right` respectively
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s.split(' ', 4)
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Split a string `s` by space with `4` splits
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input('Enter your input:')
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read keyboard-input
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app.run(debug=True)
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enable debug mode on Flask application `app`
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pickle.dump(mylist, open('save.txt', 'wb'))
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python save list `mylist` to file object 'save.txt'
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scipy.tensordot(P, T, axes=[1, 1]).swapaxes(0, 1)
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Multiply a matrix `P` with a 3d tensor `T` in scipy
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numpy.zeros((3, 3, 3))
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Create 3d array of zeroes of size `(3,3,3)`
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""" """.join(content.split(' ')[:-1])
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cut off the last word of a sentence `content`
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x = np.asarray(x).reshape(1, -1)[(0), :]
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convert scalar `x` to array
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sum(sum(i) if isinstance(i, list) else i for i in L)
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sum all elements of nested list `L`
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struct.unpack('!f', '470FC614'.decode('hex'))[0]
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convert hex string '470FC614' to a float number
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my_dict.update((x, y * 2) for x, y in list(my_dict.items()))
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Multiple each value by `2` for all keys in a dictionary `my_dict`
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subprocess.call('sleep.sh', shell=True)
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running bash script 'sleep.sh'
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""",""".join(l)
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Join elements of list `l` with a comma `,`
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myList = ','.join(map(str, myList))
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make a comma-separated string from a list `myList`
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list(reversed(list(range(10))))
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reverse the list that contains 1 to 10
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print('lamp, bag, mirror'.replace('bag,', ''))
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remove substring 'bag,' from a string 'lamp, bag, mirror'
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""".""".join(s.split('.')[::-1])
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Reverse the order of words, delimited by `.`, in string `s`
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datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(s).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
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convert epoch time represented as milliseconds `s` to string using format '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
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time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.gmtime(1236472051807 / 1000.0))
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parse milliseconds epoch time '1236472051807' to format '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
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(datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=7)).date()
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get the date 7 days before the current date
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print(sum(row[column] for row in data))
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sum elements at index `column` of each list in list `data`
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[sum(row[i] for row in array) for i in range(len(array[0]))]
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sum columns of a list `array`
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base64.b64encode(bytes('your string', 'utf-8'))
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encode binary string 'your string' to base64 code
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dict((k, [d[k] for d in dicts]) for k in dicts[0])
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combine list of dictionaries `dicts` with the same keys in each list to a single dictionary
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{k: [d[k] for d in dicts] for k in dicts[0]}
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Merge a nested dictionary `dicts` into a flat dictionary by concatenating nested values with the same key `k`
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[k for k, v in list(Counter(mylist).items()) if v > 1]
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identify duplicate values in list `mylist`
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sys.path.insert(1, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'apps'))
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Insert directory 'apps' into directory `__file__`
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sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'subdir'))
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modify sys.path for python module `subdir`
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db.execute("INSERT INTO present VALUES('test2', ?, 10)", (None,))
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Insert a 'None' value into a SQLite3 table.
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[image for menuitem in list_of_menuitems for image in menuitem]
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flatten list `list_of_menuitems`
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a.extend(b)
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append elements of a set `b` to a list `a`
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np.savetxt('c:\\data\\np.txt', df.values, fmt='%d')
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write the data of dataframe `df` into text file `np.txt`
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df.to_csv('c:\\data\\pandas.txt', header=None, index=None, sep=' ', mode='a')
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write content of DataFrame `df` into text file 'c:\\data\\pandas.txt'
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print(x.rpartition('-')[0])
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Split a string `x` by last occurrence of character `-`
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print(x.rsplit('-', 1)[0])
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get the last part of a string before the character '-'
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ftp.storlines('STOR ' + filename, open(filename, 'r'))
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upload file using FTP
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browser.execute_script("document.getElementById('XYZ').value+='1'")
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add one to the hidden web element with id 'XYZ' with selenium python script
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np.maximum([2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 2])
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create array containing the maximum value of respective elements of array `[2, 3, 4]` and array `[1, 5, 2]`
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print(l[3:] + l[:3])
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print a list `l` and move first 3 elements to the end of the list
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for fn in os.listdir('.'):
if os.path.isfile(fn):
pass
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loop over files in directory '.'
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for (root, dirs, filenames) in os.walk(source):
for f in filenames:
pass
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loop over files in directory `source`
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[int(1000 * random.random()) for i in range(10000)]
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create a random list of integers
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db.GqlQuery('SELECT * FROM Schedule WHERE station = $1', foo.key())
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Google App Engine execute GQL query 'SELECT * FROM Schedule WHERE station = $1' with parameter `foo.key()`
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df.b.str.contains('^f')
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filter rows in pandas starting with alphabet 'f' using regular expression.
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print('\n'.join('\t'.join(str(col) for col in row) for row in tab))
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print a 2 dimensional list `tab` as a table with delimiters
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df.set_index(list('BC')).drop(tuples, errors='ignore').reset_index()
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pandas: delete rows in dataframe `df` based on multiple columns values
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"""({:d} goals, ${:d})""".format(self.goals, self.penalties)
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format the variables `self.goals` and `self.penalties` using string formatting
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"""({} goals, ${})""".format(self.goals, self.penalties)
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format string "({} goals, ${})" with variables `goals` and `penalties`
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"""({0.goals} goals, ${0.penalties})""".format(self)
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format string "({0.goals} goals, ${0.penalties})"
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[int(''.join(str(d) for d in x)) for x in L]
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convert list of lists `L` to list of integers
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[''.join(str(d) for d in x) for x in L]
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combine elements of each list in list `L` into digits of a single integer
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L = [int(''.join([str(y) for y in x])) for x in L]
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convert a list of lists `L` to list of integers
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myfile.write('\n'.join(lines))
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write the elements of list `lines` concatenated by special character '\n' to file `myfile`
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[x for x in ['AAT', 'XAC', 'ANT', 'TTA'] if 'X' not in x and 'N' not in x]
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removing an element from a list based on a predicate 'X' or 'N'
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text = re.sub('\\b(\\w+)( \\1\\b)+', '\\1', text)
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Remove duplicate words from a string `text` using regex
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df.astype(bool).sum(axis=1)
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count non zero values in each column in pandas data frame
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re.search('(?<!Distillr)\\\\AcroTray\\.exe', 'C:\\SomeDir\\AcroTray.exe')
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search for string that matches regular expression pattern '(?<!Distillr)\\\\AcroTray\\.exe' in string 'C:\\SomeDir\\AcroTray.exe'
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"""QH QD JC KD JS""".split()
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split string 'QH QD JC KD JS' into a list on white spaces
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print(re.search('>.*<', line).group(0))
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search for occurrences of regex pattern '>.*<' in xml string `line`
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open(filename, 'w').close()
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erase all the contents of a file `filename`
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datetime.datetime.strptime(string_date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
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convert a string into datetime using the format '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
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[index for index, item in enumerate(thelist) if item[0] == '332']
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find the index of a list with the first element equal to '332' within the list of lists `thelist`
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re.sub('[^\\sa-zA-Z0-9]', '', text).lower().strip()
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lower a string `text` and remove non-alphanumeric characters aside from space
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re.sub('(?!\\s)[\\W_]', '', text).lower().strip()
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remove all non-alphanumeric characters except space from a string `text` and lower it
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plt.plot(x, y, label='H\u2082O')
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subscript text 'H20' with '2' as subscripted in matplotlib labels for arrays 'x' and 'y'.
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plt.plot(x, y, label='$H_2O$')
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subscript text 'H20' with '2' as subscripted in matplotlib labels for arrays 'x' and 'y'.
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[x for x in mylist if len(x) == 3]
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loop over a list `mylist` if sublists length equals 3
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lst = [Object() for _ in range(100)]
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initialize a list `lst` of 100 objects Object()
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