Datasets:

Maxwell-Jia
/

SpecVI-Bench

This dataset contains spectral classification tasks built for tool-using models. Each example includes a full-spectrum image, a chat-style prompt, and ground-truth labels for binary decisions. The metadata also provides the underlying spectral arrays (wavelength and flux) to support visualization or custom feature extraction.

Data Files

All files are under benchmark/data and share the same schema. File suffixes correspond to target classes:

cc -> Carbon Star (C-type) (data_source: carbon)
cv -> Cataclysmic Variable (CV)
gm -> M-type Giant (gM)
ss -> S-type Star
wd -> White Dwarf (WD)

Splits and Sizes

split	file	rows
train	train_cc.parquet	671
train	train_cv.parquet	711
train	train_gm.parquet	658
train	train_ss.parquet	706
train	train_wd.parquet	618
test	test_cc.parquet	1321
test	test_cv.parquet	1458
test	test_gm.parquet	1321
test	test_ss.parquet	1442
test	test_wd.parquet	1212

Totals: train 3364, test 6754.

Data Structure

Each example contains the following fields:

images: list with a single image object
data_source: class key string, e.g. carbon, cv, gm, ss, wd
prompt: list of chat messages
- role: message role (system, user, etc.)
- content: message text (the user message includes an <image> placeholder)
reward_model: struct with ground-truth labels
- ground_truth: string label (typically YES or NO)
- type: label source (e.g. rule)
agent_name: string identifier for the agent configuration
extra_info: metadata
- index: unique id string
- name: spectrum file name
- tools_kwargs.spectral_visualization_tool.create_kwargs:
  - flux: list of floats (length ~3909)
  - wavelength: list of floats (length ~3909)
  - redshift: float

Notes

images contains the full-spectrum overview image for the example.
extra_info provides raw arrays to recreate spectrum plots.

Citation

@misc{Jia2026SpecO3,
  author       = {Minghui Jia and Qichao Zhang and Ali Luo and Linjing Li and Shuo Ye and Hailing Lu and Wen Hou and Dongbin Zhao},
  title        = {Spec-o3: A Tool-Augmented Vision-Language Agent for Rare Celestial Object Candidate Vetting via Automated Spectral Inspection},
  eprint       = {2601.06498},
  archivePrefix= {arXiv},
  primaryClass = {cs.CL},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06498},
  doi          = {10.48550/arXiv.2601.06498}
}