id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
.444_Marlin_8981892 | Based on the article about '.444 Marlin', describe the 'Comparisons' section. | The newer .450 Marlin is also frequently compared with it. While it does not have the power of the .450 Marlin, the .444 Marlin is very similar ballistically to the .45-70, the almost extinct .348 Winchester, and is virtually identical to the .405 Winchester, in its 300 gr loading. A 265 gr bullet in .429 in has the sa... | [
".444 Marlin\n\nThe .444 Marlin (10.9×57mmR) is a rifle cartridge designed in 1964 by Marlin Firearms and Remington Arms. It was designed to fill in a gap left by the older .45-70 when that cartridge was not available in any new lever action rifles; at the time it was the largest lever-action cartridge available. T... |
.444_Marlin_8981889 | What information does the article about '.444 Marlin' provide on 'Performance'? | by seating the bullet to the correct depth and using a crimp die to put a firm crimp on the seated bullet to prevent slippage in the magazine tube. Best cast bullet accuracy in the .444 Marlin is attained when utilizing bullets sized to .432" diameter, both in the older "Micro-Grooved" and the newer "Ballard" style bar... | [
".444 Marlin\n\nThe .444 Marlin (10.9×57mmR) is a rifle cartridge designed in 1964 by Marlin Firearms and Remington Arms. It was designed to fill in a gap left by the older .45-70 when that cartridge was not available in any new lever action rifles; at the time it was the largest lever-action cartridge available. T... |
.444_Marlin_8981891 | From the article on '.444 Marlin', restate the 'Performance' content. | of energy at the muzzle. Hornady's latest offering for this caliber is its new LEVERevolution ammunition that has a soft polymer spire point that can be safely loaded in tubular magazines. Because of an increased ballistic coefficient, Hornady claims increased velocity at distances over 200 yd, and velocity and energy ... | [
".444 Marlin\n\nThe .444 Marlin (10.9×57mmR) is a rifle cartridge designed in 1964 by Marlin Firearms and Remington Arms. It was designed to fill in a gap left by the older .45-70 when that cartridge was not available in any new lever action rifles; at the time it was the largest lever-action cartridge available. T... |
.45_(film)_7504291 | Based on the article about '.45 (film)', describe the 'Plot' section. | Al sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of Big Al. After convincing ... | [
".45 (film) — Plot\n\nAl sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of... |
.45_(film)_7504289 | What does the article about '.45 (film)' say regarding 'Plot'? | goods that are their livelihood. Meeting up with his old partner, Reilly (Stephen Dorff), they steal a car as Al tries to convince him to come back to help Al run the gun business. However, Kat has plans on her own; she wants to sell guns on her own in order to move to a better neighborhood. She meets up with Jose (Vin... | [
".45 (film) — Plot\n\nAl sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of... |
.45_(film)_7504287 | What information does the article about '.45 (film)' provide? | .45 is a 2006 American independent thriller film written and directed by Gary Lennon and starring Milla Jovovich, Angus Macfadyen, Aisha Tyler, Stephen Dorff, and Sarah Strange. .45 was released theatrically in Greece, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, and Mexico. | [
".45 (film) — Plot\n\nAl sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of... |
.45_(film)_7504292 | Describe the 'Plot' section of the article about '.45 (film)'. | Reilly watch from across the street. Later Al begs Kat to find the real killer, knowing he has been set up, but can't figure out who did it. Kat reveals that she is behind the plot, and is now in charge. Later, Reilly and Vic discuss who the killer is, and then realize they both fear the hard change in Kat, and decide ... | [
".45 (film) — Plot\n\nAl sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of... |
.45_(film)_7504288 | What does the article about '.45 (film)' say regarding 'Plot'? | Big Al (Angus Macfadyen), and his girlfriend Kat (Milla Jovovich), are small-time crooks dealing in guns and stolen goods in Queens, New York City while also cleverly avoiding the NYPD and ATF. Vic (Sarah Strange), is Kat's friend and ex-lover who still has a crush on her and hates Big Al. Big Al is almost arrested in ... | [
".45 (film) — Plot\n\nAl sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of... |
.45_(film)_7504290 | Based on the article about '.45 (film)', describe the 'Plot' section. | by appearing to cut off his fingers. Al comes home later, and based on comments from Clancy, accuses Kat of having sex with Jose and assaults her. The next day, Vic and Reilly come over to console her but Al arrives home and a fight leads to Al firing his gun, injuring Kat. Al is arrested and detained. At the police pr... | [
".45 (film) — Plot\n\nAl sneaks in through the window as she is packing, threatens her with death if she ever leaves. When Liz and Vic arrive to take her, he convinces Kat to tell them she wants to stay. Kat devises a plan to seduce Vic, Reilly, Jose and Liz, and telling each of them she`ll do anything to be rid of... |
.45_ACP_29109881 | What does the article about '.45 ACP' say regarding 'Load variants'? | Rounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr and over 260 gr; popular rounds am... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109867 | Describe the 'Design and history' section of the article about '.45 ACP'. | switching to the .303 British, which resulted in the development of the dum-dum bullet in an attempt to compensate for the round's deficiencies. This experience, and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904, led the Army and the Cavalry to decide a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun. Thompson and Major Loui... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109873 | Describe the 'Performance' section of the article about '.45 ACP'. | psi for 10mm Auto, 40000 psi for .357 SIG), which due to a low bolt thrust helps extend service life of weapons in which it is used. Some makers of pistols chambered in .45 ACP do not certify them to use Plus P ammunition. In its non-expanding full metal jacket (FMJ) version, the .45 ACP cartridge has a reputation for ... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109874 | Summarize the 'Performance' part of '.45 ACP'. | it is also particularly effective against human targets. In tests against ballistic gelatin, a 185-grain hollow point traveling at 1,050 feet per second expanded to about .76 inch. This is a significantly large permanent wound cavity for a handgun projectile. For those who follow the energy dump and/or hydrostatic shoc... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109875 | What information does the article about '.45 ACP' provide on 'Performance'? | cartridge's large size, weight, increased material costs in comparison to the smaller, flatter shooting NATO standard 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, a cartridge which uses less powder, brass, and lead per round. Standard 9mm NATO ammunition has a more limited armor penetration capability—a deficiency shared with .45 ACP,... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109864 | Describe the content of the article about '.45 ACP'. | The .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) or .45 Auto (11.43×23mm) is a rimless straight-walled handgun cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic pistol. After successful military trials, it was adopted as the standard chambering for Colt's M1911 pistol. The round was dev... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109868 | Reconstruct the content about 'Design and history' from the article on '.45 ACP'. | in 1905, when the Cavalry asked for a .45-caliber equivalent, Colt modified the pistol design to fire an enlarged version of the prototype .41 round. The result from Colt was the Model 1905 and the new .45 ACP cartridge. The original round that passed the testing fired a 200 gr bullet at 900 ft/s, but after a number of... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109866 | Summarize the 'Design and history' part of '.45 ACP'. | During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the U.S. Cavalry began trials to replace their sidearm arsenal of issued .45 Colt Single Action Army (SAA) in favor of the more modern and versatile double-action revolver in .45 Colt. After the example of the Cavalry, the Army in turn had fielded versions of double-... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109882 | Describe the 'Plus P' section of the article about '.45 ACP'. | Most ammunition manufacturers also market what are termed "+P" (pronounced "plus P", designating overpressure ammunition) loadings in pistol ammunition, including the .45 ACP. This means the cartridge is loaded to a higher maximum pressure level than the original SAAMI cartridge standard, generating higher velocity and... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109886 | Describe the 'Related rounds' section of the article about '.45 ACP'. | .38/45 Clerke .400 Cor-Bon ; .45 Auto Rim ; .451 Detonics Magnum ; .45 Super ; .450 SMC ; .45 Remington–Thompson ; .45 Winchester Magnum ; .45 GAP ; .45 Peters-Thompson shot cartridge ; .460 Rowland ; .50 GI | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109880 | What does the article about '.45 ACP' say regarding 'Adoption'? | Several US tactical police units still use the .45 pistol round. While high capacity firearms are available in .45 ACP, the greater length and diameter of the .45 ACP means that the grip of the pistol must be longer and wider than the grip of a comparable pistol of a smaller caliber; this increase in grip size can make... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109871 | Explain what '.45 ACP' covers in the 'Cartridge dimensions' section. | The .45 ACP has 1.62 mL (25 g H2O) cartridge case capacity. 45 Auto maximum CIP cartridge dimensions. All sizes are in millimeters (mm). SAAMI specifications for 45 Automatic. All dimensions are in inches (millimeter) The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 1 in 16 in, 6 grooves, Ø lands = .442" (11.23 mm)... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109865 | Describe the content of the article about '.45 ACP'. | compared to 35000 psi for both 9mm Parabellum and .40 S&W, which due to a low bolt thrust helps extend service life of weapons. Due to standard-pressure .45 ACP rounds being inherently subsonic when fired from handguns and submachine guns, it is a useful caliber for suppressed weapons to eliminate the sonic boom. Today... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109883 | What information does the article about '.45 ACP' provide on 'Others'? | Popular derivative versions of the .45 ACP are .45 Super and .460 Rowland. The Super is dimensionally identical to the .45 ACP; however, the cartridge carries a developer established pressure of 28500 psi and requires minor modification of firearms for use. The Rowland operates at a developer established 40000 psi SAAM... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109870 | Summarize the 'Design and history' part of '.45 ACP'. | of the "Cal. 45 Automatic Pistol Ball Cartridge, Model of 1911", a 1.273 in round with a bullet weight of 230 gr. The first production, at Frankford Arsenal, was marked "F A 8 11", for the August 1911 date. Other U.S. military cartridges include: tracer M26 (red tip), blank M1921 (rolled crimp, red paper wad), M12 and ... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109878 | From the article on '.45 ACP', restate the 'Use in suppressors' content. | speed of sound at 32 F ambient cold temperatures, as this shock wave is continuously produced throughout the entire flight path over which the bullet is supersonic, which extends long after it exits the barrel. The downside to the use of .45 ACP in suppressed weapons is that increasing the diameter of the passage throu... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109885 | From the article on '.45 ACP', restate the 'Synonyms' content. | cartons, shifting to larger 50-round cartons in early 1942. It was never manufactured in Britain because it was readily available from American forces. ; S.A., 45-inch, Ball Mk IIz (1943) was a variant proposed for the Royal Navy, but never put into production. ; S.A., 45" A. C., Ball (1942–1946) was the Canadian desig... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109879 | Summarize the 'Magazine capacities' part of '.45 ACP'. | Magazine capacity varies depending on the type of firearm. Standard (not extended) single-stack magazines, pistols based on the 1911 design commonly hold 8 rounds or less. Many modern pistols have adopted the cartridge into double-stacked magazine designs to increase ammo capacity, though this increases the pistol's ha... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109869 | Reconstruct the content about 'Design and history' from the article on '.45 ACP'. | the United States Cavalry was using at the time. By 1906, bids from six makers were submitted, among them Browning's design, submitted by Colt. Only DWM, Savage, and Colt made the first cut. DWM, which submitted two Parabellums chambered in .45 ACP, withdrew from testing after the first round of tests, for unspecified ... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109876 | Explain what '.45 ACP' covers in the 'Performance' section. | ACP did so at the risk of increased recoil and a possible reduction in accuracy as 9×19mm with premium quality ammunition had nearly exactly the same performance. A factor rated by the recent FBI testing was accuracy and time to recover. The .45 ACP handguns ranked last, largely due to increased recoil. Because of its ... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109884 | From the article on '.45 ACP', restate the 'Synonyms' content. | 45 (colloquial in English and Spanish) ; .45 Rimless Smokeless ; .45 Auto ; 45 Auto. Colt / 45 AC (Winchester Repeating Arms Company) ; .45 M1911 (U.S. military) ; S.A. 45-inch (Commonwealth Military) ; S.A., Pistol, 45-inch Colt Automatic, Ball (1917) was the British designation used for American-manufactured ammuniti... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109872 | Summarize the 'Performance' part of '.45 ACP'. | The .45 ACP is an effective combat pistol cartridge. It combines accuracy as well as stopping power for use against human targets, has relatively low muzzle blast and flash, and it produces a stout, but manageable recoil in handguns (made worse in compact models). The standard-issue, military .45 ACP cartridge contains... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_ACP_29109877 | What information does the article about '.45 ACP' provide on 'Use in suppressors'? | As standard pressure .45 ACP rounds fired from handguns and submachine guns are inherently subsonic, it is one of the most powerful pistol calibers available for use in suppressed weapons since subsonic rounds are quieter than supersonic rounds. The latter inevitably produce a highly compressed shock wave, audible as a... | [
".45 ACP — Load variants\n\nRounds are available from 68 grains to 300 grains (4.4 g to 19 g) with a common load being the standard military loading of a 230 gr FMJ bullet (for comparison, the most common 9mm load is 115 gr, quite literally half the weight). Specialty rounds are available in weights under 100 gr an... |
.45_Calibre_War_2139444 | What information does the article about '.45 Calibre War' provide? | .45 Calibre War is a 1929 American silent Western film directed by Leo D. Maloney and starring Don Coleman, Ben Corbett and Jeanette Loff. | [
".45 Calibre War\n\n.45 Calibre War is a 1929 American silent Western film directed by Leo D. Maloney and starring Don Coleman, Ben Corbett and Jeanette Loff.",
".45 Calibre War — Plot\n\nReed Lathrop returns to his old home, accompanied by his friend, \"Toad\" Hunter, to investigate a plot that forces ranchers t... |
.45_Calibre_War_2139445 | Describe the 'Plot' section of the article about '.45 Calibre War'. | Reed Lathrop returns to his old home, accompanied by his friend, "Toad" Hunter, to investigate a plot that forces ranchers to sell their properties for very low prices. Finding the ranchers demoralized, he organizes a vigilance committee and enlists the aid of the local circuit judge. Darnell, the owner of the saloon, ... | [
".45 Calibre War\n\n.45 Calibre War is a 1929 American silent Western film directed by Leo D. Maloney and starring Don Coleman, Ben Corbett and Jeanette Loff.",
".45 Calibre War — Plot\n\nReed Lathrop returns to his old home, accompanied by his friend, \"Toad\" Hunter, to investigate a plot that forces ranchers t... |
.45_Calibre_War_2139446 | What information does the article about '.45 Calibre War' provide on 'Cast'? | Don Coleman as Reed Lathrop ; Ben Corbett as 'Toad' Hunter ; Al Hart as Rev. Mr. Simpson ; Ed Jones as Sheriff Henshaw ; Duke R. Lee as Nick Darnell ; Floyd Ames as Jim Walling ; Jeanette Loff as Ruth Walling ; Murdock MacQuarrie as Mark Blodgett ; Orin Jackson as Dr. Sprague | [
".45 Calibre War\n\n.45 Calibre War is a 1929 American silent Western film directed by Leo D. Maloney and starring Don Coleman, Ben Corbett and Jeanette Loff.",
".45 Calibre War — Plot\n\nReed Lathrop returns to his old home, accompanied by his friend, \"Toad\" Hunter, to investigate a plot that forces ranchers t... |
.45_Colt_7113462 | Summarize the 'High pressure ammunition' part of '.45 Colt'. | Some handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus Gaucho, or the Ruger New Vaquero, as these g... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113457 | Explain what '.45 Colt' covers in the 'History' section. | replaced by the 'Model of 1882 Ball Cartridge for Cal. .45 Revolver' which used an external Boxer primer and could be reloaded at the unit level. The .45 caliber M1882 cartridge would be officially replaced by the .38 Long Colt in 1892 but would remain in production until about 1896. In 1901-1902 it would once again be... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113454 | Summarize the following section from the article on '.45 Colt'. | The .45 Colt, also referred to as .45 Long Colt, .45 LC, or 11.43×33mmR, is a rimmed straight-walled handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It was originally a black-powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver. This cartridge was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873 and served as an official US mili... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113466 | What information does the article about '.45 Colt' provide on 'Influence on other cartridges'? | The .45 Colt became the basis for the much more powerful .454 Casull cartridge, with the .454 Casull having a slightly longer case utilizing a small rifle primer in place of the large pistol primer. Any .454 Casull revolver will chamber and fire .45 Colt and .45 Schofield, but not the inverse due to the Casull's longer... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113461 | Based on the article about '.45 Colt', describe the 'Cartridge loads' section. | is notable that modern .45 Colt cartridge rims are still quite narrow, but feature an extractor groove cut into the base of the case, a feature common to most modern cartridges but not at all common in the late 1800s.) The U.S. Army's .45 Colt round used in its M1909 revolver, which had a barrel of 5.5 in, fired a 250 ... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113465 | What does the article about '.45 Colt' say regarding 'Uses'? | Colt, and some of these derringers can chamber a .410 bore shotgun shell without any modifications being required. Revolvers chambered in .410 shotgun, such as the Taurus Judge and the Smith & Wesson Governor, are usually chambered for the .45 Colt as well. A popular use for the .45 Colt today is in Cowboy Action Shoot... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113455 | From the article on '.45 Colt', restate the 'History' content. | The .45 Colt was a joint development between Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and the Union Metallic Cartridge Company of Bridgeport, Conn. Colt began work on the revolver in 1871, and submitted a sample to the U.S. Army in late 1872. The revolver was accepted for purchase in 1873... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113460 | Summarize the 'Cartridge loads' part of '.45 Colt'. | Winchesters, Marlins, and other replicas have remedied this omission almost 100 years after the fact, and the .45 Colt is now available in modern lever-action rifles. While this aforementioned rumor has been one of numerous arguments used to explain the lack of a rifle chambered in .45 Colt, it may have simply been a c... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113458 | What does the article about '.45 Colt' say regarding 'History'? | adjacent chambers in the rod-ejector Colt model. The .45 Colt remains popular with renewed interest in Cowboy Action Shooting. Additionally, the round has seen resurgence as a cartridge in handgun hunting and Metallic Silhouette Shooting competitions beginning in the 1950s with the introduction of stronger, heavier fra... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113459 | What information does the article about '.45 Colt' provide on 'Cartridge loads'? | The .45 Colt originally was a black-powder cartridge, but modern loadings use smokeless powder. The original black-powder loads called for 28 to 40 gr of black powder behind a 230 to 255 gr lead bullet. These loads developed muzzle velocities of up to 1050 ft/s. Because of this power and its excellent accuracy, the .45... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_Colt_7113463 | What does the article about '.45 Colt' say regarding 'Handloading'? | Colt .45 revolvers made until early WWII had barrels with .454" groove diameters. After this diameters of .451–.452" were produced. Using .454" diameter bullets in the smaller barrels will work but will generate higher pressures. Cases used with .454" bullets may have to be full length resized to work in newer guns. Sp... | [
".45 Colt — High pressure ammunition\n\nSome handloads and factory manufactured cartridges put this round in the same class as the .44 Magnum, using specially made revolvers. These loads cannot be used in any original Colt Single Action Army or replica thereof, such as those produced by Uberti, Beretta, the Taurus ... |
.45_GAP_29109936 | Reconstruct the content about 'Law enforcement applications' from the article on '.45 GAP'. | Modern law enforcement as a whole has gone away from .45 caliber weapons in favor of firearms chambered in .40 S&W and 9×19mm. Despite this change, the .45 GAP has had a following amongst many law enforcement departments. Three state law enforcement agencies have adopted the .45 GAP as a replacement for their current i... | [
".45 GAP — Law enforcement applications\n\nModern law enforcement as a whole has gone away from .45 caliber weapons in favor of firearms chambered in .40 S&W and 9×19mm. Despite this change, the .45 GAP has had a following amongst many law enforcement departments. Three state law enforcement agencies have adopted t... |
.45_GAP_29109937 | Explain what '.45 GAP' covers in the 'Law enforcement applications' section. | the .45 GAP for duty carry such as the Burden, Kansas, police department who carry the Glock 37 and serve a town of 535. The Greenville, North Carolina, police department used the Glock 37, and the Berkeley, Missouri, police department also used the Glock 37. The Georgia State Patrol carried the Glock Model 37, but has... | [
".45 GAP — Law enforcement applications\n\nModern law enforcement as a whole has gone away from .45 caliber weapons in favor of firearms chambered in .40 S&W and 9×19mm. Despite this change, the .45 GAP has had a following amongst many law enforcement departments. Three state law enforcement agencies have adopted t... |
.45_GAP_29109935 | What does the article about '.45 GAP' say regarding 'Other .45 GAP firearms'? | Initially, due to its acceptance by law enforcement and the popularity of subcompact handguns for concealed carry, a small number of manufacturers decided to produce pistols that were chambered in .45 GAP, but they no longer produce any pistols in that caliber. Only Glock continues to manufacture pistols in the 45 GAP ... | [
".45 GAP — Law enforcement applications\n\nModern law enforcement as a whole has gone away from .45 caliber weapons in favor of firearms chambered in .40 S&W and 9×19mm. Despite this change, the .45 GAP has had a following amongst many law enforcement departments. Three state law enforcement agencies have adopted t... |
.45_GAP_29109933 | Explain what '.45 GAP' covers in the 'Development' section. | The .45 GAP has the same diameter as the .45 ACP pistol cartridge but is slightly shorter, and uses a small-pistol primer instead of the large-pistol primer most commonly used in .45 ACP ammunition. Originally, the maximum bullet weight of the .45 GAP was 200 gr. In order to provide terminal ballistics that matched the... | [
".45 GAP — Law enforcement applications\n\nModern law enforcement as a whole has gone away from .45 caliber weapons in favor of firearms chambered in .40 S&W and 9×19mm. Despite this change, the .45 GAP has had a following amongst many law enforcement departments. Three state law enforcement agencies have adopted t... |
.45_Raptor_1523131 | What does the article about '.45 Raptor' say regarding 'Sporting uses'? | In addition to general target shooting, the 45 Raptor is an appropriate round for hunting. According to North American Sportsman, LLC, the cartridge is acceptable for taking medium and large game including hog and deer. The 45 Raptor case uses the extractor groove from the .308 Winchester, which has a similar extractor... | [
".45 Raptor — Sporting uses\n\nIn addition to general target shooting, the 45 Raptor is an appropriate round for hunting. According to North American Sportsman, LLC, the cartridge is acceptable for taking medium and large game including hog and deer. The 45 Raptor case uses the extractor groove from the .308 Winche... |
.45_Raptor_1523130 | Describe the 'Proprietary status' section of the article about '.45 Raptor'. | North American Sportsman, LLC has filed for a trademark on the term Raptor as it relates to ammunition. In an interview, Brennan stated he has no intention of charging royalties for the use of the trademark. However, Brennan stated there will be certain requirements for anyone developing 45 Raptor products to ensure a ... | [
".45 Raptor — Sporting uses\n\nIn addition to general target shooting, the 45 Raptor is an appropriate round for hunting. According to North American Sportsman, LLC, the cartridge is acceptable for taking medium and large game including hog and deer. The 45 Raptor case uses the extractor groove from the .308 Winche... |
.45_Raptor_1523127 | Summarize the 'History' part of '.45 Raptor'. | Introduced in April 2014, the 45 Raptor was created by Arne Brennan. Brennan is also known for his prior work with the 6.5 PPC cartridge for long range shooting, which contributed to the development of the 6.5 Grendel cartridge. The cartridge design is owned by Brennan's company North American Sportsman, LLC. | [
".45 Raptor — Sporting uses\n\nIn addition to general target shooting, the 45 Raptor is an appropriate round for hunting. According to North American Sportsman, LLC, the cartridge is acceptable for taking medium and large game including hog and deer. The 45 Raptor case uses the extractor groove from the .308 Winche... |
.45_Raptor_1523126 | What information does the article about '.45 Raptor' provide? | The .45 Raptor is a rimless centerfire cartridge developed for the AR-10 semi-automatic rifle for medium and large game hunting. Compared to similar big bore cartridges designed for the AR-15 – such as the .450 Bushmaster, .458 SOCOM, and .50 Beowulf – the 45 Raptor offers higher velocity bullets, a flatter shooting tr... | [
".45 Raptor — Sporting uses\n\nIn addition to general target shooting, the 45 Raptor is an appropriate round for hunting. According to North American Sportsman, LLC, the cartridge is acceptable for taking medium and large game including hog and deer. The 45 Raptor case uses the extractor groove from the .308 Winche... |
.45_Raptor_1523128 | Based on the article about '.45 Raptor', describe the 'Design and specifications' section. | The 45 Raptor is a straight wall rifle cartridge that mimics the size of the .460 S&W Magnum. Unlike the .460 S&W Magnum, the 45 Raptor has a rimless design that improves its ability to feed in semi-automatic firearms. The rim matches the specifications of a .308 Winchester cartridge. The first 2000 pieces of cartridge... | [
".45 Raptor — Sporting uses\n\nIn addition to general target shooting, the 45 Raptor is an appropriate round for hunting. According to North American Sportsman, LLC, the cartridge is acceptable for taking medium and large game including hog and deer. The 45 Raptor case uses the extractor groove from the .308 Winche... |
.45_Schofield_31093760 | Summarize the 'History' part of '.45 Schofield'. | Colt .45, it was easier to shoot accurately, yet still retained effective stopping power on the battlefield. It became the standard cartridge of the Army, though the Colt 1873 still was the main issue side arm of the Army. The .45 Schofield cartridge was shorter than the .45 Colt. It could be used in both the Schofield... | [
".45 Schofield — History\n\nColt .45, it was easier to shoot accurately, yet still retained effective stopping power on the battlefield. It became the standard cartridge of the Army, though the Colt 1873 still was the main issue side arm of the Army. The .45 Schofield cartridge was shorter than the .45 Colt. It cou... |
.45_Schofield_31093761 | Based on the article about '.45 Schofield', describe the 'History' section. | Schofield and the reduced rim of the Colt round; as it was short enough to fit the Schofield, and its rim was not needed for the rod-ejector Single Action Army, the M1887 would fire and eject from both revolvers. The Schofield was quite a popular handgun in the old west, and may have been used by General Custer at the ... | [
".45 Schofield — History\n\nColt .45, it was easier to shoot accurately, yet still retained effective stopping power on the battlefield. It became the standard cartridge of the Army, though the Colt 1873 still was the main issue side arm of the Army. The .45 Schofield cartridge was shorter than the .45 Colt. It cou... |
.45_Schofield_31093758 | What information does the article about '.45 Schofield' provide? | The .45 Schofield, also referred to as .45 Smith & Wesson is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson for their S&W Model 3 Schofield top-break revolver. It is similar to the .45 Colt round though shorter and with a slightly larger rim, and will generally work in revolvers chambered for that cartridge; the conv... | [
".45 Schofield — History\n\nColt .45, it was easier to shoot accurately, yet still retained effective stopping power on the battlefield. It became the standard cartridge of the Army, though the Colt 1873 still was the main issue side arm of the Army. The .45 Schofield cartridge was shorter than the .45 Colt. It cou... |
.45_Schofield_31093759 | Reconstruct the content about 'History' from the article on '.45 Schofield'. | This cartridge was originally designed as a black powder round. The Schofield revolver (a variant of the Smith & Wesson Model 3) was patented in the USA on 20 June 1871 and 22 April 1873 by Smith & Wesson. It was a Smith & Wesson Model 3 that was modified, due to a suggestion by Major George Schofield, to make it easie... | [
".45 Schofield — History\n\nColt .45, it was easier to shoot accurately, yet still retained effective stopping power on the battlefield. It became the standard cartridge of the Army, though the Colt 1873 still was the main issue side arm of the Army. The .45 Schofield cartridge was shorter than the .45 Colt. It cou... |
.45_Super_4339519 | Reconstruct the content about '.450 SMC' from the article on '.45 Super'. | The .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle primer .308 Winchester case is... | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Super_4339517 | Explain what '.45 Super' covers in the 'Development history' section. | reliably contain increased pressures. The layout of most M1911 pistols' chambers presents yet another challenge in that the case head is not fully supported in the cartridge feed ramp area; pushing the envelope in this critical area with too much pressure risks a catastrophic failure, resulting in a case bursting in th... | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Super_4339520 | What does the article about '.45 Super' say regarding 'Ballistics'? | A number of bullet weight and velocity combinations are offered in .45 Super, including a 185 gr bullet propelled at 1300 ft/s, a 200 gr at 1200 ft/s and a 230 gr at 1100 ft/s. as well as other weight/velocities provided by Super Express cartridges and Buffalo Bore, such as 255 gr at 1050 ft/s. | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Super_4339521 | Reconstruct the content about 'Current status' from the article on '.45 Super'. | Sedalia, Missouri-based Starline Brass company eventually began marketing factory-manufactured brass cases for the chambering, taking the round out of the obscure wildcat cartridge realm. In addition, Ace Custom .45's Inc. of Cleveland, Texas, trademarked the .45 Super name in 1994 and used to market factory .45 Super ... | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Super_4339516 | From the article on '.45 Super', restate the 'Development history' content. | In 1988, a Gun World article detailed Grennell's efforts to update the .45 ACP for the 21st century, a difficult endeavor due to the inherent design limitations of the veteran round. Introduced in the early 20th century, the .45 ACP has a relatively large case capacity which was dictated by the relatively low pressure ... | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Super_4339518 | Explain what '.45 Super' covers in the 'Development history' section. | and a strengthened firing pin redesigned to prevent primer material from flowing into the firing pin channel under high chamber pressures. Manufacturers such as Heckler & Koch GmbH currently offer pistols rated to fire .45 Super ‘out of the box’. The Smith & Wesson Model 4506 and other models in the third generation 45... | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Super_4339515 | Summarize the following section from the article on '.45 Super'. | The .45 Super is a powerful smokeless powder center fire metallic firearm cartridge developed in 1988 by Dean Grennell, a well-known writer in the firearms field as well as managing editor of Gun World magazine. It is dimensionally similar to the .45 ACP round but has a thicker case wall and is loaded to higher pressur... | [
".45 Super — .450 SMC\n\nThe .450 SMC is a .45 ACP wildcat cartridge for use in robust .45 ACP firearms that uses a modified .308 Winchester case with a small rifle primer adapted for use in modern .45 ACP firearms. Only 1911 pistols or heavier firearms with upgraded heavier springs are recommended. A small rifle p... |
.45_Winchester_Magnum_31093892 | What does the article about '.45 Winchester Magnum' say regarding 'General comments'? | The .45 Winchester Magnum had been on the drawing board for two years before its introduction, in 1979, by Winchester. The cartridge did not gain much popularity due to the intermittent availability of the Wildey and LAR Grizzly pistols. The cartridge was chambered in the Thompson-Center Contender single shot pistols. ... | [
".45 Winchester Magnum — General comments\n\nThe .45 Winchester Magnum had been on the drawing board for two years before its introduction, in 1979, by Winchester. The cartridge did not gain much popularity due to the intermittent availability of the Wildey and LAR Grizzly pistols. The cartridge was chambered in th... |
.45_Winchester_Magnum_31093890 | Describe the content of the article about '.45 Winchester Magnum'. | The .45 Winchester Magnum is a .45 caliber rimless cartridge intended for use in semi-automatic pistols. The cartridge is externally a lengthened .45 ACP with a thicker web to withstand higher operating pressures. The 45 Win Mag is nearly identical in dimensions and loading to the .45 NAACO developed by the North Ameri... | [
".45 Winchester Magnum — General comments\n\nThe .45 Winchester Magnum had been on the drawing board for two years before its introduction, in 1979, by Winchester. The cartridge did not gain much popularity due to the intermittent availability of the Wildey and LAR Grizzly pistols. The cartridge was chambered in th... |
.45_Winchester_Magnum_31093891 | Summarize the 'Specifications' part of '.45 Winchester Magnum'. | Although the .45 Winchester Magnum may be based on the .45 ACP and have the same Rim and Base dimensions, the .45 Winchester Magnum has no parent case. The .45 Winchester Magnum case is redrawn with thicker walls and longer case. The thicker wall dimensions of the .45 Winchester Magnum are designed to accommodate a hig... | [
".45 Winchester Magnum — General comments\n\nThe .45 Winchester Magnum had been on the drawing board for two years before its introduction, in 1979, by Winchester. The cartridge did not gain much popularity due to the intermittent availability of the Wildey and LAR Grizzly pistols. The cartridge was chambered in th... |
.45-70_22579433 | Summarize the 'Nomenclature' part of '.45-70'. | yards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point-first at a roughly 30 degree ... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579437 | Explain what '.45-70' covers in the 'History' section. | Springfield underwent a number of modifications over the years, the principal one being a strengthened breech starting in 1884. A new, 500 grain (32 g) bullet was adopted in that year for use in the stronger arm. The M1873 and M1884 Springfield rifles were the principal small arms of the U.S. Army until 1893. The .45-7... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579434 | Summarize the 'Bullet diameter' part of '.45-70'. | While the nominal bore diameter was .450 in, the groove diameter was actually closer to .458 in. As was standard practice with many early commercially-produced U.S. cartridges, specially-constructed bullets were often "paper patched", or wrapped in a couple of layers of thin paper. This patch served to seal the bore an... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579441 | Based on the article about '.45-70', describe the 'Sporting use' section. | to hunt everything from birds to elephants and the cartridge is still undergoing new development work. The trajectory of the bullets is very steep, which makes for a very short point-blank range. This was not a significant problem at the time of introduction, as the .45-70 was a fairly flat-shooting cartridge for its t... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579430 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '.45-70'. | The .45-70 rifle cartridge, also known as .45-70 Government, was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873, which is known to collectors as the "Trapdoor Springfield." The new cartridge was a replacement for the stop-gap .50-70 Government cartridge, which had been adopted in ... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579436 | From the article on '.45-70', restate the 'History' content. | a temporary solution until a significantly improved rifle and cartridge could be developed. The result of the quest for a more accurate, flatter shooting .45 caliber cartridge and firearm was the Springfield Trapdoor rifle. Like the .50-70, the .45-70 used a copper center-fire case design. A reduced power loading was a... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579435 | What does the article about '.45-70' say regarding 'History'? | The predecessor to the .45-70 was the .50-70-450 cartridge, adopted in 1866 and used until 1873 in a variety of rifles, many of them were percussion rifled muskets converted to trapdoor action breechloaders. The conversion consisted of milling out the rear of the barrel for the tilting breechblock, and placing a .50 ca... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579445 | What does the article about '.45-70' say regarding 'Sporting use'? | frame. Even the shortest barrel, 14 inches, is capable of producing well over 2,500 ft·lbf (2,700 J) of energy, double the power of most .44 Magnum loadings, and a Taylor KO Factor as high as 40 with some loads. Recent .45-70 barrels are available with efficient muzzle brakes that significantly reduce muzzle rise and a... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579443 | Based on the article about '.45-70', describe the 'Sporting use' section. | of angle and a sense for estimating distance in these calculations. The .45-70 retains great popularity among American hunters, and is still offered by several commercial ammunition manufacturers. Even when loaded with modern smokeless powders, pressures are usually kept low for safety in antique rifles and their repli... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579440 | Reconstruct the content about 'Sporting use' from the article on '.45-70'. | As is usual with military ammunition, the .45-70 was an immediate hit among sportsmen, and the .45-70 has survived to the present day. Today, the traditional 405-grain (26.2 g) load is considered adequate for any North American big game within its range limitations, including the great bears, and it does not destroy ed... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579442 | Summarize the 'Sporting use' part of '.45-70'. | calibrated iron sights, or hold-overs. Sights found on early cartridge hunting rifles were quite sophisticated, with a long sighting radius, wide range of elevation, and vernier adjustments to allow precise calibration of the sights for a given range. Even the military "creedmoor"-type rifle sights were calibrated and ... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579432 | What does the article about '.45-70' say regarding 'Nomenclature'? | the bullet dropping multiple yards (meters) at ranges greater than a few hundred yards (meters). A skilled shooter, firing at known range, could consistently hit targets that were 6 × 6 ft at 600 yd—the Army standard target. It was a skill valuable mainly in mass or volley fire, since accurate aimed fire on a man-sized... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579439 | Explain what '.45-70' covers in the 'History' section. | in quantity during the Spanish–American War, and was not completely purged from the inventory until well into the 20th century. Many surplus rifles were given to reservation Indians as subsistence hunting rifles and now carry Indian markings. The .45-70 cartridge is still used by the U.S. military today, in the form of... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-70_22579431 | Summarize the 'Nomenclature' part of '.45-70'. | .45: nominal diameter of bullet, measured in decimal inches, i.e., 0.458 inches (11.63 mm); ; 70: weight of black powder, measured in grains, i.e., 70 grains (4.56 g); ; 405: weight of lead bullet, measured in grains, i.e., 405 grains (26.2 g). The new cartridge was completely identified as the .45-70-405, but was also... | [
".45-70 — Nomenclature\n\nyards (3,120 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yards (915 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3500 yd. At those ranges, the bullets struck point... |
.45-75_Winchester_32642227 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '.45-75 Winchester'. | The .45-75 Winchester Centennial is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed in 1876 for the newly designed Winchester Model 1876 Centennial lever-action rifle. Winchester Repeating Arms Company introduced the new rifle and cartridge at the United States Centennial Exposition. The Model 1876 rifle used an enlarged versio... | [
".45-75 Winchester\n\nThe .45-75 Winchester Centennial is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed in 1876 for the newly designed Winchester Model 1876 Centennial lever-action rifle. Winchester Repeating Arms Company introduced the new rifle and cartridge at the United States Centennial Exposition. The Model 1876 rif... |
.45-75_Winchester_32642229 | Explain what '.45-75 Winchester' covers in the 'Description' section. | cartridges limited ability of the Model 1876 rifle to safely fire higher pressure loads intended for stronger actions. Within a decade, the Model 1876 advantage of faster loading for subsequent shots was eclipsed by the stronger and smoother Winchester Model 1886 action capable of handling longer cartridges including t... | [
".45-75 Winchester\n\nThe .45-75 Winchester Centennial is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed in 1876 for the newly designed Winchester Model 1876 Centennial lever-action rifle. Winchester Repeating Arms Company introduced the new rifle and cartridge at the United States Centennial Exposition. The Model 1876 rif... |
.45-75_Winchester_32642228 | Explain what '.45-75 Winchester' covers in the 'Description' section. | Nomenclature of the era indicated the .45-75 cartridge contained a 0.45 in diameter bullet with 75 gr of gunpowder. Early Winchester ammunition boxes suggested reloading empty cartridge cases with government musket powder or with American Powder Company Deadshot Fg, Hazard Powder Company Sea Shooting Fg, DuPont Rifle F... | [
".45-75 Winchester\n\nThe .45-75 Winchester Centennial is a centerfire rifle cartridge developed in 1876 for the newly designed Winchester Model 1876 Centennial lever-action rifle. Winchester Repeating Arms Company introduced the new rifle and cartridge at the United States Centennial Exposition. The Model 1876 rif... |
.450_Adams_17429213 | From the article on '.450 Adams', restate the 'Sources' content. | Barnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. ".450 Revolver", in Cartridges of the World, pp. 170 & 177. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ISBN: 0-695-80326-3. ; Barnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. ".38 Smith & Wesson", in Cartridges of the World, p. 163. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ISBN: 0-695-80326-3. ; Barnes, Fr... | [
".450 Adams — Sources\n\nBarnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. \".450 Revolver\", in Cartridges of the World, pp. 170 & 177. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ISBN: 0-695-80326-3. ; Barnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. \".38 Smith & Wesson\", in Cartridges of the World, p. 163. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ... |
.450_Adams_17429211 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '.450 Adams'. | The .450 Adams was a British black powder centrefire revolver cartridge, initially used in converted Beaumont–Adams revolvers, in the late 1860s. Officially designated .450 Boxer Mk I, and also known variously as the .450 Revolver, .450 Colt, .450 Short, .450 Corto and .450 Mark III, and in America as the .45 Webley, i... | [
".450 Adams — Sources\n\nBarnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. \".450 Revolver\", in Cartridges of the World, pp. 170 & 177. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ISBN: 0-695-80326-3. ; Barnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. \".38 Smith & Wesson\", in Cartridges of the World, p. 163. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ... |
.450_Adams_17429212 | Explain what '.450 Adams' covers in the 'History' section. | The .450 was adopted for the Adams revolver in November 1868, and served until it was replaced in service in 1880 by the .476 Enfield (in the Enfield Mark 1 and 2), which was in turn supplanted by the .455 Webley cartridge in 1887. Originally loaded with 13 gr of black powder under a 225 gr bullet, it was later also o... | [
".450 Adams — Sources\n\nBarnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. \".450 Revolver\", in Cartridges of the World, pp. 170 & 177. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ISBN: 0-695-80326-3. ; Barnes, Frank C., ed. by John T. Amber. \".38 Smith & Wesson\", in Cartridges of the World, p. 163. Northfield, IL: DBI Books, 1972. ... |
.450_Black_Powder_Express_17229329 | What information does the article about '.450 Black Powder Express' provide on 'Parent case'? | Around 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express. | [
".450 Black Powder Express — Parent case\n\nAround 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.",
".450 Black Powder Express — H... |
.450_Black_Powder_Express_17229328 | Based on the article about '.450 Black Powder Express', describe the 'History' section. | In 19th century Britain there were a large number of straight .450 cartridges developed of varying case lengths up to the 31⁄4-inch version. The .450 31⁄4-inch Black Powder Express was originally developed as an experimental military cartridge for the 1869 British Army rifle trials that led to adoption of the Martini–H... | [
".450 Black Powder Express — Parent case\n\nAround 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.",
".450 Black Powder Express — H... |
.450_Black_Powder_Express_17229327 | Based on the article about '.450 Black Powder Express', describe the 'Design' section. | The .450 Black Powder Express is a rimmed, straight walled, centerfire rifle cartridge designed for use with blackpowder. It was available in a number of loadings with bullets weighing from 270 to 365 gr, all driven by 120 gr of black powder. The .450 Nitro for Black is the same cartridge loaded with mild loadings of m... | [
".450 Black Powder Express — Parent case\n\nAround 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.",
".450 Black Powder Express — H... |
.450_Black_Powder_Express_17229331 | From the article on '.450 Black Powder Express', restate the 'Use' content. | The .450 31⁄4-inch Black Powder Express was one of the most popular cartridges ever devised, it was widely used to shoot deer and similar sized game, as well as large dangerous game up to and including elephant. Frederick Selous owned a single barrelled .450 Black Powder Express by Alexander Henry which he used to shoo... | [
".450 Black Powder Express — Parent case\n\nAround 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.",
".450 Black Powder Express — H... |
.450_Black_Powder_Express_17229326 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '.450 Black Powder Express'. | The .450 Black Powder Express also known as the .450 31⁄4-inch BPE was a popular black powder cartridge in the late 19th and early 20th century. | [
".450 Black Powder Express — Parent case\n\nAround 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.",
".450 Black Powder Express — H... |
.450_Black_Powder_Express_17229330 | What information does the article about '.450 Black Powder Express' provide on 'Nitro Express loadings'? | In 1898 John Rigby & Company loaded this cartridge with smokeless cordite to create the .450 Nitro Express, the first Nitro Express cartridge. | [
".450 Black Powder Express — Parent case\n\nAround 1880 this cartridge was necked down to .405 inch to make the .450/400 Black Powder Express which in turn, when loaded with cordite, became the .450/400 Nitro Express which was further developed into the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express.",
".450 Black Powder Express — H... |
.450_Nitro_Express_11035199 | Based on the article about '.450 Nitro Express', describe the 'Development' section. | India where the cartridge was primarily used. To remedy this problem, a reinforced case was produced and Kynoch made a reduced load to lower the case pressure. Another problem lay in the sensitivity of Cordite, loads developed in the cool British climate performed differently in the tropical heat of Africa and India, r... | [
".450 Nitro Express — Development\n\nIndia where the cartridge was primarily used. To remedy this problem, a reinforced case was produced and Kynoch made a reduced load to lower the case pressure. Another problem lay in the sensitivity of Cordite, loads developed in the cool British climate performed differently in... |
.450_Nitro_Express_11035201 | What information does the article about '.450 Nitro Express' provide on 'WWI service'? | In 1914 and early 1915, German snipers were engaging British Army positions with impunity from behind steel plates that were impervious to .303 British ball ammunition. In an attempt to counter this threat, the British War Office purchased 62 large bore sporting rifles from British rifle makers, including 47 .450 calib... | [
".450 Nitro Express — Development\n\nIndia where the cartridge was primarily used. To remedy this problem, a reinforced case was produced and Kynoch made a reduced load to lower the case pressure. Another problem lay in the sensitivity of Cordite, loads developed in the cool British climate performed differently in... |
.450_Nitro_Express_11035198 | What does the article about '.450 Nitro Express' say regarding 'Development'? | The .450 Nitro Express was the first Nitro Express cartridge, developed around 1898 by John Rigby. This cartridge was based on the then popular .450 Black Powder Express case with 70 gr of Cordite and a 480 gr jacketed bullet. Muzzle velocity is listed at 2,150 feet per second (655 m/s) with 4909 ft.lbf of muzzle energ... | [
".450 Nitro Express — Development\n\nIndia where the cartridge was primarily used. To remedy this problem, a reinforced case was produced and Kynoch made a reduced load to lower the case pressure. Another problem lay in the sensitivity of Cordite, loads developed in the cool British climate performed differently in... |
.450_Nitro_Express_11035197 | What information does the article about '.450 Nitro Express' provide? | .450 Nitro Express also known as the .450 Nitro Express 31⁄4-inch is a rifle cartridge designed for hunting dangerous game such as elephant, rhino, cape buffalo, lion, and leopard. This cartridge is used almost exclusively in double rifles for hunting in the Tropics or hot climates in general and is associated with the... | [
".450 Nitro Express — Development\n\nIndia where the cartridge was primarily used. To remedy this problem, a reinforced case was produced and Kynoch made a reduced load to lower the case pressure. Another problem lay in the sensitivity of Cordite, loads developed in the cool British climate performed differently in... |
.450_Nitro_Express_11035202 | Explain what '.450 Nitro Express' covers in the 'Users' section. | Prominent users of the .450 Nitro Express include Agnes Herbert, Arthur H. Neumann, Major Chauncey H. Stigand and Denys Finch Hatton, the latter had a gunsmith rebarrel his .475 No 2 Nitro Express Lancaster double rifle into .450 Nitro Express as it was easier to find ammunition. | [
".450 Nitro Express — Development\n\nIndia where the cartridge was primarily used. To remedy this problem, a reinforced case was produced and Kynoch made a reduced load to lower the case pressure. Another problem lay in the sensitivity of Cordite, loads developed in the cool British climate performed differently in... |
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