id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_17100 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Roughly a dozen chemicals known as phthalates are used to make the plastics found in thousands of consumer products, ranging from medical tubing to automotive dashboards to bath toys. These phthalates are not tightly held by the plastics and are released into the environment over time. Congress is concerned about possi... | [
"\"Phthalates\" refers to a group of chemical compounds that are heavily produced and widely used to make the plastics found in thousands of consumer products. The most common use of phthalates is to increase the flexibility of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) polymers. Phthalates are rel... |
train_17101 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. monetary system is based on paper money backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. The currency is neither valued in, backed by, nor officially convertible into gold or silver. Through much of its history, however, the United States was on a metallic standard of one sort or another. On occa... | [
"The U.S. monetary system is based on paper money backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. The currency is neither valued in, backed by, nor officially convertible into gold or silver. Through much of its history, however, the United States was on a metallic standard of one sort of another. On... |
train_17102 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Social Security has significantly reduced elderly poverty. The elderly poverty rate has fallen from 35% in 1959 to an all-time low of 9% in 2006, in large part because of Social Security. If Social Security benefits did not exist, an estimated 44% of the elderly would be poor today assuming no changes in behavior. The ... | [
"Elderly poverty in the United States has declined dramatically over time, ultimately reaching an all-time low in 2006. In 1959, when the Census Bureau began to measure poverty, more than a third (35%) of the elderly—those age 65 or older—were in poverty. By 2006, less than one-tenth (9%) of the elderly were in pov... |
train_17103 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) projects the U.S. season-average farm price (SAFP) received for all wheat in the 2007/08 marketing year (June to May) to be in the $6.45 to $6.85 per bushel range. The range midpoint exceeds the previous U.S. record of $4.55 (in 1995/96) by 46%. During the past 30 years, the al... | [
"Wheat is grown in almost every temperate-zone country of North America, Europe, Asia, and South America. The largest wheat-producing countries are China, India, the United States, Russia, Canada, and Australia. U.S. wheat production accounts for about 9%-10% of world production; but the United States is the world'... |
train_17104 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Until relatively recently, natural gas-rich shale formations throughout the United States were not considered to have significant resource value because no technologies existed to economically recover the gas. Development and deployment of advanced drilling and reservoir stimulation methods have dramatically increased ... | [
"Until relatively recently, natural gas-rich shale formations throughout the United States were not considered to have significant resource value because no technologies existed to economically recover the gas. Development and deployment of advanced drilling and reservoir stimulation methods have dramatically incre... |
train_17105 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act (FLREA in P.L. 108-447) established a new recreation fee program for five federal agencies—the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), National Park Service (NPS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Department of the Interior (DOI) and t... | [
"The 108 th Congress established a new recreation fee program for the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) and the four major federal land management agencies—the National Park Service (NPS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the Department of the Interior (DOI), and the Forest ... |
train_17106 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The spread of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis (TB), and malaria across the world poses a major global health challenge. The international community has progressively recognized the humanitarian impact of these diseases, along with the threat they represent to ec... | [
"Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis (TB), and malaria are three of the world's leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Along with the direct health effects, HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria have far-reaching socioeconomic consequences, posing what many analysts bel... |
train_17107 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Facilities handling large amounts of potentially hazardous chemicals (i.e., chemical facilities) might be of interest to terrorists, either as targets for direct attacks meant to release chemicals into the community or as a source of chemicals for use elsewhere. Because few terrorist attacks have been attempted against... | [
"The potential harm to public health and the environment from a large release of hazardous chemicals has long concerned the U.S. Congress. The sudden, accidental release in December 1984 of methyl isocyanate in an industrial incident at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, and the attendant loss of thousands o... |
train_17108 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Tax reform could result in any number of changes to current tax policy. One modification that could occur is the tax treatment of net operating losses (NOLs). An NOL is incurred when a business taxpayer has negative taxable income. A business has no tax liability in the year they incur a loss. Additionally, a loss can ... | [
"R ecent tax reform discussions have included possibly changing the tax treatment of business net operating losses (NOLs). How losses are treated for tax purposes can have important conse quences for business investment, economic efficiency, and tax revenues. This report provides an overview of the current tax trea... |
train_17109 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report tracks action by the 106th Congress on FY2000 appropriations for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, andState, the Judiciary, and other related agencies (often referred to as CJS appropriations). P.L. 105-277 ( H.R. 4328 ) appropriated $36.2 billion for these agencies for FY1999. The President's FY2000 bu... | [
"On October 18, 1999, the Conference Committee approved a FY2000 CJS bill totaling $39 billion--$2.8 billion (or 7.7%)above the FY1999 appropriation and $1.3 billion below the President's request. The bill passed the House andSenate,without amendment, on October 20. The President vetoed the bill on October 25, beca... |
train_17110 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Scientific research indicates that in recent years, the frequency and geographic distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing nationally and globally. Because the impacts of HABs can be severe and widespread—often with interstate implications—these issues have been a perennial interest for Congress.... | [
"Scientific research indicates that in recent years, the frequency and geographic distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing nationally and globally. HABs can be detrimental to human health, animals, aquatic ecosystems, and local economies. In 2014, a major HAB in Lake Erie caused the city of ... |
train_17111 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The small Black Sea-bordering country of Georgia gained its independence at the end of 1991 with the dissolution of the former Soviet Union. The United States had an early interest in its fate, since the well-known former Soviet foreign minister, Eduard Shevardnadze, soon became its leader. Democratic and economic refo... | [
"Georgia gained its independence at the end of 1991 with the dissolution of the former Soviet Union. Its elected president, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, faced insurrection and fled the country in January 1992. Coup leaders invited former Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze to head a ruling State Council, and he was ... |
train_17112 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Nanotechnology—a term encompassing the science, engineering, and applications of submicron materials—involves the harnessing of unique physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanoscale substances in fundamentally new and useful ways. The economic and societal promise of nanotechnology has led to investments by... | [
"Nanotechnology has been an issue of interest to Congress for a number of years, coming into focus in 2000 with the launch of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) by President Clinton in his FY2001 budget request to Congress. From FY2001 through FY2015, Congress appropriated approximately $20.9 billion... |
train_17113 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has approved legislation (P.L. 107-171) reauthorizing major farmincome and commodity price support programs through crop year 2007. This legislation includes new"counter-cyclicalassistance" programs for grains, cotton, oilseeds, peanuts, and milk. The intent of counter-cyclical assistance is toprovidemore gove... | [
"RS20913 -- Farm \"Counter-Cyclical Assistance\" Updated May 31, 2002 Farming often is characterized as a \"cyclical\" business with exaggerated price swings that are destabilizing. Farmersrespond to high prices by boosting output. However, when prices drop, farmers are not quick to cut backproduction. Theyare more... |
train_17114 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Environmental goods and services are the benefits society obtains from the environment and ecosystems, both natural and managed, such as water filtration, flood control, provision of habitat, carbon storage, and many others. Farmers' participation in providing these types of goods and services began in earnest in the 1... | [
"The enacted 2008 farm bill (Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, P.L. 110 - 246 ) includes a new conservation provision that seeks to facilitate the participation of farmers and landowners in environmental services markets, covering a range of farm and forestry services, including improved water and air qua... |
train_17115 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Established in 1950, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) provides legal protection, implements long-term solutions, and coordinates emergency humanitarian relief for refugees and other displaced persons around the world. At the beginning of 2002, the populations of concern to UNHCR totaled 19.8 mi... | [
"The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is the U.N. agency dedicated to the protection of refugees and other populations displaced by conflict, famine, and natural disasters. This report describes the mandate, operations, and budget of UNHCR. It looks at the challenges facing the organization and... |
train_17116 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriation funds agencies and programs in three federal departments, as well as numerous related agencies and bureaus. Among the agencies represented is the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), in the Department of the Interior. Many of its programs are among the mo... | [
"The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill, which began its consideration as H.R. 2584 and ended as Division E of the Consolidated Appropriations Act ( P.L. 112-74 ), funds agencies and programs in parts of three federal departments (Interior, Agriculture, and Health and Human Servi... |
train_17117 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Existing international agreements relevant to broadcasting protections do not cover advancements in broadcasting technology that were not envisioned when they were concluded. Therefore, in 1998 the Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) decided t... | [
"As part of WIPO's Digital Agenda, a WIPO Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organizations is envisioned to adapt broadcasters' rights to the digital era. Advocates of this treaty from the broadcasting industry observe that relevant international agreements do not offer sufficient protection because advances ... |
train_17118 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Education for Homeless Children and Youth program (EHCY) provides formula grants to state educational agencies (SEAs) to help ensure that all homeless children and youth have equal access to the same free and appropriate public education, including public preschool education that is provided to other children and y... | [
"The Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program (EHCY) is intended to ensure that all homeless children and youth have equal access to the same free and appropriate public education, including public preschool education that is provided to other children and youth. It is the only federal education program ex... |
train_17119 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some lawmakers have expressed concern over several proposals being considered in the current Congress to raise the tax burden on high-income individuals. Of particular concern are a proposal by the Obama Administration to allow the top two individual marginal tax rates (currently 33% and 35%) to return to their pre-200... | [
"Some lawmakers have expressed concern over the impact on small business of several proposed increases in the income tax rates for high-income individuals being considered in the current Congress. In his budget request for FY2011, President Obama is proposing to extend permanently most of the individual income tax ... |
train_17120 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1993, after many months of study, debate, and political controversy, Congress passed and President Clinton signed legislation establishing a revised "[p]olicy concerning homosexuality in the armed forces." The legislation reflected a compromise regarding the U.S. military's policy toward members of the Armed Forces ... | [
"In 1993, after many months of study, debate, and political controversy, Congress passed and President Clinton signed legislation establishing a revised \"[p]olicy concerning homosexuality in the armed forces.\" The new legislation reflected a compromise regarding the U.S. military's policy toward members of the Ar... |
train_17121 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Almost 30 years ago, Congress addressed growing concerns regarding nuclear waste management by calling for the federal collection of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste for safe, permanent disposal. To this end, the Department of Energy (DOE) was authorized by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) to enter into... | [
"Almost 30 years ago, Congress addressed growing concerns regarding nuclear waste management by calling for the federal collection of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste for safe, permanent disposal. To this end, the Department of Energy (DOE) was authorized by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act (NWPA) to enter... |
train_17122 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of the Navy (DON) has several efforts underway to transform U.S. naval forces to prepare them for future military challenges. Key elements of naval transformation include a focus on operating in littoral waters, increasing the Navy's capabilities for participating in the global war on terrorism (GWOT), n... | [
"This report focuses on the transformation of U.S. naval forces—the Navy and the Marine Corps, which are both contained in the Department of the Navy (DON). For an overview of defense transformation in general, see CRS Report RL32238, Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress , by [author... |
train_17123 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | International Social Security agreements are bilateral agreements primarily intended to eliminate dual Social Security taxation based on the same work and provide benefit protection for workers who divide their careers between the United States and a foreign country. Most jobs in the United States are covered by Social... | [
"International Social Security agreements are bilateral agreements primarily intended to eliminate dual Social Security taxation based on the same work and provide benefit protection for workers who divide their careers between the United States and a foreign country. By eliminating dual Social Security taxation, t... |
train_17124 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cyclone Nargis struck the coast of Burma in the evening of May 2, 2008 and cut a path of destruction across the southern portion of the country. The storm left in its wake an official death toll of 84,537 and 53,836 more missing, and extensive damage to the nation's premier agricultural areas. Some have speculated that... | [
"Around 6:30 p.m. (local time) on May 2, 2008, Cyclone Nargis, a category 3 cyclone, made landfall in the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) Division of Burma, and then moved across the country from southwest to northeast, cutting a huge path of destruction 100 miles wide and 200 miles long, and striking Burma's largest city, ... |
train_17125 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The interaction between state tort laws and the federal regulation of medical devices and drugs has been a source of constant litigation in recent years. In the last two decades, the Supreme Court has issued several decisions concerning whether the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) preempts state tort law. Th... | [
"Federal preemption of state tort law actions brought against drug and medical device manufacturers, which has the legal effect of immunizing manufacturers from tort liability, has been a source of great controversy in recent years. These cases arise when individuals are allegedly harmed by a defective product and ... |
train_17126 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Berry and Kissell Amendments are two separate but closely related laws requiring that certain goods purchased by national security agencies be produced in the United States. The Berry Amendment (10 U.S.C. §2533a) is the popular name for a law requiring textiles, clothing, food, and hand or measuring tools purchased... | [
"Congress has passed several laws requiring that goods purchased by federal agencies be produced in the United States. Among these are two separate but closely related laws applying to national security agencies. The Berry Amendment covers direct Department of Defense (DOD) purchases of textiles, apparel, footwear,... |
train_17127 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 3, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency finalized new ("Tier 3") emission standards for light duty (and some larger) motor vehicles. Light duty vehicles include cars, SUVs, vans, and most pickup trucks. Phase-in of the standards will begin with Model Year 2017. By the time Tier 3 is fully implemented in M... | [
"Since the 1960s, emission standards for motor vehicles, coupled with standards for the fuels they burn, have reduced emissions from new cars and trucks by at least 95%. Nevertheless, because there are more vehicles on the road, because they are being driven more miles, and because the average useful life of a car ... |
train_17128 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reports by congressional commissions, the mention of bioterrorism in President Obama's 2010 State of the Union address, and issuance of executive orders have increased congressional attention to the threat of bioterrorism. Federal efforts to combat the threat of bioterrorism predate the anthrax attacks of 2001 but have... | [
"Reports by congressional commissions, the mention of bioterrorism in President Obama's 2010 State of the Union address, and the issuance of executive orders have increased congressional attention to the threat of bioterrorism. Federal efforts to combat the threat of bioterrorism predate the anthrax attacks of 2001... |
train_17129 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On April 24, 2012, the House and Senate began the conference process to reconcile legislation passed in both houses that would extend authorization for Department of Transportation programs. Title V in the House-passed legislation (H.R. 4348), Highway and Infrastructure Safety Through the Protection of Coal Combustion ... | [
"Coal combustion residuals (CCRs) are the inorganic material that remains after pulverized coal is burned. To establish consistent national standards to address potential threats to human health and the environment associated with improper management of CCRs destined for disposal, on June 21, 2010, the Environmenta... |
train_17130 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Defense (DOD) operates the largest employer-sponsored childcare program in the United States, serving approximately 200,000 children of uniformed servicemembers and DOD civilians, and employing over 23,000 childcare workers, at an annual cost of over $800 million. DOD's child development program (CDP)... | [
"For most of the history of the U.S. military, young, single males were favored for recruitment and induction to the military by various laws and policy. Following the end of the draft and the beginning of the all-volunteer force (AVF) in 1973, DOD was required to compete for manpower with civilian employers. As DO... |
train_17131 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to the American Academy of Actuaries, "[h]ealth risk adjustment is the process of adjusting payments to organizations (usually health insurance plans) based on differences in the risk characteristics of people enrolled in each plan." By adjusting payments to compensate organizations for the relatively higher ... | [
"\"Risk adjustment is the process of adjusting payments to organizations (usually health insurance plans) based on differences in the risk characteristics of people enrolled in each plan.\" In the simplest case, assume that on average the costs of providing a package of health care benefits to women are $100 more t... |
train_17132 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal law authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to construct barriers along the U.S. borders to deter illegal crossings. DHS is also required to construct reinforced fencing along at least 700 miles of the land border with Mexico (a border that stretches 1,933 miles). Congress has not provided a deadli... | [
"S ecuring the international borders of the United States has been an issue of perennial interest and importance to the federal government. Federal law authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to construct barriers along the U.S. borders to deter illegal crossings. DHS is also required to construct rein... |
train_17133 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Malaysia, an ethnically diverse majority Muslim nation in Southeast Asia, has long been a partner in U.S. security and economic initiatives in the region, although political sensitivities in Malaysia have constrained both sides from forging deeper ties. Bilateral relations have improved over the past decade. Prime Mini... | [
"This report analyzes U.S.-Malaysia relations as well as Malaysia's domestic politics, economy, environment, external relations, and geopolitical context within Southeast Asia. Congress has expressed interest in a variety of issues with regard to Malaysia which are explored below. The report also provides backgroun... |
train_17134 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a summary review of issues related to Pakistan and terrorism, especially in the context of U.S. interests, policy goals, and relevant assistance. The outcomes of U.S. policies toward Pakistan since 9/11, while not devoid of meaningful successes, have neither neutralized anti-Western militants and r... | [
"In the wake of the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, President George W. Bush launched major military operations as part of a global U.S.-led anti-terrorism effort. Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan has realized major successes with the vital assistance of neighboring Pakistan. Yet a r... |
train_17135 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report details legislation and policies that restrict or place requirements on U.S. funding of abortion or family planning activities abroad. The level and extent of federal funding for these activities is an ongoing and controversial issue in U.S. foreign assistance and has continued to be a point of contention d... | [
"One of the most controversial issues in U.S. foreign assistance concerns restrictions on U.S. funding for abortion and family planning activities abroad. For many, the debate focuses on three key questions: Do countries or organizations that receive U.S. assistance perform abortions or engage in coercive abortion ... |
train_17136 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Obstruction of justice is the impediment of governmental activities. There are a host of federal criminal laws that prohibit obstructions of justice. The six most general outlaw obstruction of judicial proceedings (18 U.S.C. 1503), witness tampering (18 U.S.C. 1512), witness retaliation (18 U.S.C. 1513), obstruction of... | [
"Obstruction of justice is the frustration of governmental purposes by violence, corruption, destruction of evidence, or deceit. It is a federal crime. In fact, federal obstruction of justice laws are legion; too many for even passing reference to all of them in a single report. This is a brief description of some ... |
train_17137 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) has two basic aims: to regulate intentional ocean disposal of materials, and to authorize related research. Permit and enforcement provisions of the law are often referred to as the Ocean Dumping Act. The basic provisions of the act have remained virtually un... | [
"The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (MPRSA, P.L. 92-532) has two basic aims: to regulate intentional ocean disposal of materials, and to authorize related research. Title I of the act, which is often referred to as the Ocean Dumping Act, contains permit and enforcement provisions for ocean... |
train_17138 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The legal procedure through which the United States withdraws from treaties and other international agreements has been the subject of long-standing debate between the legislative and executive branches. Recently, questions concerning the role of Congress in the withdrawal process have arisen in response to President D... | [
"Renewed attention to the role of Congress in the termination of treaties and other international agreements has arisen in response to President Donald J. Trump's actions related to certain high-profile international commitments. This report examines the legal framework for withdrawal from international agreements,... |
train_17139 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Military personnel issues typically generate significant interest from many Members of Congress and their staffs. Ongoing operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, along with the regular use of the reserve component personnel for operational missions, further heighten interest in a wide range of military personnel policies a... | [
"Each year, the House and Senate Armed Services Committees take up national defense authorization bills. These bills contain numerous provisions that affect military personnel, retirees, and their family members. Provisions in one version are often not included in the other, are treated differently, or, in some cas... |
train_17140 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The adequacy of the science supporting implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) has received considerable congressional attention over the years. While many scientific decisions pass unremarked, some critics accuse agencies responsible for implementing the ESA of using "junk science," and others counter that ... | [
"Many situations have focused congressional attention on the adequacy of the science supporting implementation of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). While most science-based actions under ESA are unchallenged, opponents of some actions under ESA accuse agencies of using \"junk science,\" while others assert that dec... |
train_17141 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has had a continuous relationship with the Philippine Islands since 1898, when they were acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War. Filipinos have served in, and with, the U.S. Armed Forces since the Spanish-American War, and especially during World War II. The Islands rema... | [
"The Philippine Islands became a U.S. possession in 1898, when they were ceded from Spain following the Spanish-American War (1898-1902). In 1934, Congress passed the Philippine Independence Act (Tydings-McDuffie Act, P.L. 73-127), which set a 10-year timetable for the eventual independence of the Philippines and i... |
train_17142 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Constitution requires a count of the U.S. population every 10 years. Based on the census, the number of seats in the House of Representatives is reapportioned among the states. Thus, at least every 10 years, in response to changes in the number of Representatives apportioned to it or to shifts in its population, ea... | [
"The Constitution requires a count of the U.S. population every 10 years. Based on the census, the number of seats in the House of Representatives is reapportioned among the states. Thus, at least every 10 years, in response to changes in the number of Representatives apportioned to it or to shifts in its populatio... |
train_17143 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | State Approving Agencies (SAAs) play an important role in the administration of GI Bill® benefits. GI Bill benefits provide educational assistance payments to eligible veterans and servicemembers and their families enrolled in approved programs of education. The SAA role is intended to ensure that veterans and other GI... | [
"The Department of Veterans' Affairs (VA), previously named the Veterans Administration, has been providing veterans' educational assistance (GI Bill®) benefits since 1944. In general, the benefits provide payments to eligible veterans and servicemembers and their families enrolled in approved programs of education... |
train_17144 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress established a statutory formula governing distribution of financial aid for municipal wastewater treatment in the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972. Since then, Congress has modified the formula and incorporated other eligibility changes five times. Federal funds are provided to states through annual appropriation... | [
"Congress established a statutory formula governing distribution of financial aid for municipal wastewater treatment in the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1972. Since then, Congress has modified the formula and incorporated other eligibility changes five times, actions which have been controversial on each occasion. Fede... |
train_17145 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Intelligence Council (NIC), composed of some 18 senior analysts and national security policy experts, provides the U.S. intelligence community's best judgments on crucial international issues. NIC members are appointed by the Director of National Intelligence and routinely support his office and the Nation... | [
"Although the appointment of the chairman of the National Intelligence Council (NIC) does not require the advice and consent of the Senate, the planned designation of retired Ambassador Charles Freeman to the position in March 2009 focused attention on the NIC by Members of Congress and by many in the public. Most ... |
train_17146 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report presents U.S. military casualties in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation New Dawn (OND) as well as governmental and nongovernmental estimates of Iraqi civilian, police, and security forces casualties. For several years, there were few estimates from any national or international government source re... | [
"On August 31, 2010, President Obama announced that the U.S. combat mission in Iraq had ended. More than 100,000 troops have been withdrawn from Iraq, and a transitional force of U.S. troops has remained in Iraq with a different mission: \"advising and assisting Iraq's Security Forces, supporting Iraqi troops in ta... |
train_17147 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A recurring issue in constitutional law concerns the extent to which the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment imposes constraints on the provision of public aid to private sectarian schools. The U.S. Supreme Court's past jurisprudence construed the clause to impose severe restrictions on aid given directly to se... | [
"The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment provides that \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion....\" The U.S. Supreme Court has construed the Establishment Clause, in general, to mean that government is prohibited from sponsoring or financing religious instruction or indoctrinat... |
train_17148 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2005 round of military base realignments and closures (BRAC) is now underway. TheDefense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (Base Closure Act), as amended, establishesmandatory procedures to be followed throughout the BRAC process and identifies criteria to be usedin formulating BRAC recommendations. However,... | [
"The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (Base Closure Act), as amended,generally governs the military base realignment and closure (BRAC) process. (2) After three previous BRACrounds, Congress authorized a fourth round for 2005, which is now underway. (3) The BRAC process involves a complex statutory ... |
train_17149 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Reserve (Fed) is the subject of legislation being considered in the 114th Congress. These bills contain wide-ranging provisions that can be grouped into four broad categories: Changes to Fed governance. Some proposals would change the Fed's institutional structure. H.R. 22 (P.L. 114-94) reduced the dividend... | [
"The Federal Reserve's (Fed's) responsibilities as the nation's central bank fall into four main categories: monetary policy, provision of emergency liquidity through the lender of last resort function, supervision of certain types of banks and other financial firms for safety and soundness, and provision of paymen... |
train_17150 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The global illegal drug trade represents a multi-dimensional challenge that has implications for U.S. national interests as well as the international community. Common illegal drugs trafficked internationally include cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. According to the U.S. intelligence community, international drug ... | [
"Illegal drugs refer to narcotic, psychotropic, and related substances whose production, sale, and use are restricted by domestic law and international drug control agreements. Common illegal drugs trafficked internationally include cocaine and heroin, as well as psychotropic substances, such as methamphetamine and... |
train_17151 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Constitution sets out three eligibility requirements to be President: one must be 35 years of age, a resident "within the United States" for 14 years, and a "natural born Citizen." There is no Supreme Court case which has ruled specifically on a challenge to one's eligibility to be President (although several cases... | [
"T he standing qualifications to be President of the United States are set out in the Constitution, at Article II, Section 1, clause 5, and state three specific requirements: one must be at leas t 35 years old, a resident \"within the United States\" for 14 years, and a \"natural born Citizen.\" The constitutional ... |
train_17152 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 2, 2011, General Electric and Rolls-Royce announced that they were ending development of the F136 alternate engine for the F-35, ending what had been a contentious and long-running battle. The alternate engine program began in FY1996, when defense authorization conferees directed DOD to ensure that the JSF ... | [
"Whether to reinstate the alternate engine program for the F-35 Lightning II fighter was a significant issue for Congress in FY2012, with implications for the defense budget, military capability in the future, and the division of power between Congress and the executive branch. The program was developing the Genera... |
train_17153 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is designed to introduce congressional staff to selected governmental and nongovernmental sources that are useful in tracking and obtaining information on federal legislation and regulations. It includes governmental sources, such as Congress.gov, the Government Publishing Office's Federal Digital System (F... | [
"Researching current federal legislation includes identifying action on pending or passed legislation and locating the relevant documents or text. Analysis, discussion, or media coverage of pending or passed legislation also has a role in the legislative research process. Such research may be accomplished by using ... |
train_17154 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Particulate matter (PM), including fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and larger, but still inhalable particles (PM10), is one of the six principal pollutants for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) under the Clean Air Act (CAA). EPA most recently rev... | [
"National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are a core component of the Clean Air Act (CAA). NAAQS do not regulate emission sources directly; rather, they define the level of pollution in ambient (outdoor) air above which health and welfare effects occur. The statute requires that, based on a review of the scie... |
train_17155 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Directory of New Hires (NDNH) is a database that contains personal and financial data on nearly every working American, as well as those receiving unemployment compensation. Contrary to its name, the National Directory of New Hires includes more than just information on new employees. It is a database that... | [
"The National Directory of New Hires (NDNH) is a database of personal information and wage and employment information of American workers. Employers are required by P.L. 104-193 to send new hire reports to the State Directory of New Hires, which then sends the required information to the NDNH. States also are requi... |
train_17156 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) aims, with its broadcast media ownership rules, to promote localism and competition by restricting the number of media outlets that a single entity may own or control within a geographic market and, in the case of broadcast television stations, nationwide. In addition, the FC... | [
"From the ear liest days of commercial radio, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and its predecessor, the Federal Radio Commission, have encouraged diversity in broadcasting. The FCC's policies seek to encourage four distinct types of diversity in local broadcast media: diversity of viewpoints, as reflecte... |
train_17157 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A South Korean consortium signed a contract in December 2009 to provide four commercial nuclear reactors to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), signaling a new role for South Korea in the world nuclear energy market. The $20 billion deal indicates that South Korea has completed the transition from passive purchaser of turn... | [
"The December 2009 contract by a South Korean consortium to provide four commercial nuclear reactors to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) signaled a new role for South Korea in the world nuclear energy market. The $20 billion deal indicates that South Korea (the Republic of Korea, ROK) has completed the transition fro... |
train_17158 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of State and the Department of Defense (DOD) have long shared responsibility for U.S. assistance to train, equip, and otherwise engage with foreign military and other security forces. The legal framework for such assistance emerged soon after World War II, when Congress charged the Secretary of State wit... | [
"Over the past decade, Congress has substantially increased Department of State and Department of Defense (DOD) efforts to train, equip, and otherwise engage with foreign military and other security forces. As these efforts have increased, congressional questions and concerns have multiplied. Such concerns range fr... |
train_17159 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The House and Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and related agencies. THUD programs receive both di... | [
"The Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) appropriations subcommittees are charged with drafting bills to provide annual appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and six small related agencies. Title I of ... |
train_17160 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The proposed Drug Quality and Security Act, H.R. 3204, is the current focus of congressional efforts to protect the public from unsafe, ineffective, or otherwise subquality compounded drugs and from the risks of counterfeit and subquality drugs entering the supply chain between the manufacturer and the dispenser. Major... | [
"Over several congresses, policymakers have been interested in drug compounding and pharmaceutical supply chain security and have worked to craft legislation to enhance the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ability to protect the public. On September 25, 2013, the leadership of the Senate Committee on Health, Educ... |
train_17161 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article V of the U.S. Constitution provides two procedures for amending the nation's fundamental charter: proposal of amendments by Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of the Members of both houses, and proposal by a convention, generally referred to as an "Article V Convention," called on the application of the legislat... | [
"Article V of the U.S. Constitution provides two alternatives for amending the nation's fundamental charter: proposal of amendments to the states by vote of two-thirds of the Members of both houses of Congress, and proposal by a convention called as a result of applications from two-thirds of the states, the \"Arti... |
train_17162 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Two separate bills are advancing in the 111th Congress that could provide nearly $4 billion of supplemental funds for agricultural programs in FY2010. The agricultural provisions in these bills have a relatively small funding impact compared with the nonagricultural provisions in the bills. H.R. 4213 (commonly known as... | [
"Two separate bills are advancing in the 111 th Congress that together could provide nearly $4 billion of supplemental funds for agricultural programs. Table 1 shows the agriculture-related provisions in these bills— H.R. 4213 , commonly known as the \"tax extenders\" bill; and H.R. 4899 , a supplemental appropriat... |
train_17163 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The sharp increase in petroleum prices beginning in mid-1999, experiences with tighter supply, and international instability have renewed concern about our dependence on petroleum imports. Oneof the strategies for reducing this dependence is to produce vehicles that run on alternatives togasoline and diesel fuel. These... | [
"Is there any practical replacement for gasoline and diesel fuel in automobiles? Since the oilcrises of the 1970s and the rise in the awareness of environmental and security issues, policy makershave often considered this question. For many reasons, the United States has searched foralternatives to petroleum fuels.... |
train_17164 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Border enforcement is a core element of the Department of Homeland Security's effort to control unauthorized migration, with the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) within the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) as the lead agency along most of the border. Border enforcement has been an ongoing subject of congressional inte... | [
"The country's immigration and naturalization laws have been subjects of episodic controversy since America's founding, but unauthorized migration only became an issue in the early 20 th century, when Congress passed the first strict restrictions on legal admissions. Unauthorized migration declined during the Great... |
train_17165 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The military construction (MilCon) appropriations bill provides funding for (1) military construction projects in the United States and overseas; (2) military family housing operations andconstruction; (3) U.S. contributions to the NATO Security Investment Program; and (4) the bulk ofbase realignment and closure (BRAC)... | [
"The President submitted his fiscal year 2003 budget request to Congress on February 4, 2002.The House Subcommittee on Military Construction forwarded its markup to the full AppropriationsCommittee on June 12, which completed its mark on June 24. The bill ( H.R. 5011 , H.Rept. 107-533 ) was introduced to the House ... |
train_17166 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Two amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) were enacted as part of the USA PATRIOT Act. Section 206 of the USA PATRIOT Act amended FISA to permit multipoint, or "roving," wiretaps by adding flexibility to the degree of specificity with which the location or facility subject to electronic surveil... | [
"The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) provides a statutory framework by which government agencies may, when gathering foreign intelligence for an investigation, obtain authorization to conduct electronic surveillance or physical searches, utilize pen registers and trap and trace devices, or access speci... |
train_17167 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | McConnell v. FEC, a 2003 U.S. Supreme Court decision, upheld the constitutionality of key portions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) against facial challenges. (BCRA, which amended the Federal Election Campaign Act [FECA], codified at 2 U.S.C. § 431 et seq., is also known as the McCain-Feingold campa... | [
"The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), P.L. 107-155 ( H.R. 2356 , 107 th Congress) significantly amended federal campaign finance law. Shortly after President Bush signed BCRA into law, Senator Mitch McConnell filed suit in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against the Federal Election C... |
train_17168 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The value of animal production on the 1.3 million U.S. dairy, livestock, and poultry farms (2002 Census of Agriculture) averages about $124 billion annually, more than half the total value of all U.S. agricultural production. The United States produces—and consumes—more beef/veal, pork, poultry, and milk than almost an... | [
"Feed is the single largest input cost for cattle feeders, dairy, hog, and poultry producers, who are wary of government policies that can raise feed prices. These include commodity support or conservation programs that take cropland out of production, or ethanol incentives that bid up the price of corn, a key feed... |
train_17169 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides data from the past 20 years on the size and composition of the U.S. Postal Service's (USPS's) workforce. Reforms to the size and composition of the workforce have been an integral part of USPS's strategy to reduce costs and regain financial solvency, particularly between FY2007 and FY2014. Since 20... | [
"The purpose of this report is to provide data on the size and composition of USPS's workforce between FY1995 and FY2014. Reforms to the size and composition of the workforce have been an integral part of USPS's strategy to reduce costs and regain financial solvency, particularly after the onset of substantial reve... |
train_17170 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Egg Producers (UEP), the largest group representing egg producers, and the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), the largest animal protection group, have been adversaries for many years over the use of conventional cages in table egg production. In July 2011, the animal agriculture community was stunn... | [
"The relationship between the livestock and poultry industries and animal protection groups is an antagonistic one, at best. The table egg industry, led in the United States by the United Egg Producers (UEP), has been widely criticized for decades for raising laying hens in cages. Many have argued that conventional... |
train_17171 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2008, the United States natural gas market experienced a tumultuous year, and market forces appeared to guide consumers, producers and investors through rapidly changing circumstances. Natural gas continues to be a major fuel supply for the United States, supplying about 24% of total energy in 2008. The year began w... | [
"Natural gas markets in North America had a tumultuous year in 2008. This contrasted with the relative stability of 2007. In early 2008, the market tightened and prices moved up. In the summer, supply area spot prices went much higher than in the past, then decreased through the rest of the year to end lower than a... |
train_17172 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The number of people incarcerated in federal prisons increased dramatically over the past three decades. While the number of inmates in the federal prison system has decreased since FY2013, the federal prison population remains substantially larger than it was three decades ago. Concerns about both the economic and soc... | [
"T he number of people incarcerated in federal prisons increased dramatically over the past three decades. The total number of inmates in the federal prison system increased from approximately 25,000 in FY1980 to over 219,000 in FY2013. Since the peak in FY2013, the number of inmates in the federal prison system de... |
train_17173 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Compounding has been traditionally defined as a process where a pharmacist or a physician combines, mixes, or alters ingredients to create a medication tailored to the needs of an individual patient. Traditionally compounded drugs (CDs) are made in response to an individual prescription from a licensed health provider ... | [
"In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Tennessee Department of Health, and other state health departments began investigating a rare, non-contagious outbreak of fungal meningitis. As of June 3, 2013, 20 states had reported 745 infections... |
train_17174 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report contains brief summaries of federal animal protection statutes, listed alphabetically. It includes statutes enacted to implement certain treaties, but it does not include treaties. Additionally, this report includes statutes that concern animals but that are not necessarily animal protection statutes. For e... | [
"This statute provides, in part: \"The Secretary of the military department concerned may make a military animal of such military department available for adoption ... under circumstances as follows: (1) At the end of the animal's useful life. (2) Before the end of the animal's useful life, if such Secretary ... de... |
train_17175 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Health care Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) are benefit plans established by employers to reimburse employees for health care expenses such as deductibles and copayments. FSAs are usually funded by employees through salary reduction agreements, although employers are permitted to contribute as well. The contributions... | [
"Health care Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) are employer-established benefit plans to reimburse employees for specified health care expenses as they are incurred. They arose in the 1970s as a way to provide employees with a flexible benefit at a time when the cost of health care was a growing concern. In contras... |
train_17176 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report has been updated with an epilogue on the creation of a standing House Committee on Homeland Security in the 109th Congress, the election of a new chair September 15, 2005, and the committee's organization in the 110th Congress. The original report was not changed; its summary follows: The 9/11 Commission an... | [
"As directed by the House, the Select Committee on Homeland Security reported to the House Rules Committee September 30, 2004, its recommendations on \"the operation and implementation of the rules of the House, including rule X, with respect to the issue of homeland security.\" The select committee recommended the... |
train_17177 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The proposed nomination of General (Ret.) James Mattis, United States Marine Corps (hereinafter referred to as "General Mattis"), who retired from the military in 2013, to be Secretary of Defense requires both houses of Congress to consider whether and how to suspend—or remove—a provision contained in Title 10 U.S.C. §... | [
"This report is designed to assist Congress as it considers how to proceed with the proposed nomination of General (Ret.) James Mattis to be Secretary of Defense. After exploring the history of the statutory restriction and its evolution over time (see \" Preserving Civilian Control of the Military in the 1947 Act ... |
train_17178 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The health of the U.S. manufacturing sector has been a long-standing concern of Congress. Although Congress has established a wide variety of tax preferences, direct subsidies, import restraints, and other federal programs with the goal of retaining or recapturing manufacturing jobs, only a small proportion of U.S. wor... | [
"The health of the U.S. manufacturing sector has been a major concern of Congress for more than three decades. Over the years, Congress has enacted a wide variety of tax preferences, direct subsidies, import restraints, and other federal programs intended to bolster the manufacturing sector, often with the goal of ... |
train_17179 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report chronicles major developments in the thaw between North and South Korea that has followed the historicinter-Korean summit meeting in June 2000. In the months immediately following the summit, the two Koreasdeveloped anew dialogue, which included several inter-ministerial talks, a meeting of defense minister... | [
"The Historic June 2000 Summit. On June 13,2000, South KoreanPresident Kim Dae Jung flew to Pyongyang for a three-day summit with North Korea's paramount leader, KimJong-il. The meeting was the first-ever between the leaders of North and South Korea, which have been divided since 1945andofficially at war since 1950... |
train_17180 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Institute of Medicine, the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, and otherexpert panels have identified information technology (IT) as one of the most powerful tools forreducing medical errors, lowering health costs, and improving the quality of care. However, the U.S.health care industry lags far behi... | [
"The Institute of Medicine (IOM), the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics(NCVHS), and other expert panels have identified information technology (IT) as one of the mostpowerful tools for reducing medical errors, lowering health costs, and improving the quality ofcare. (1) They recommendthat health car... |
train_17181 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Political expression is at the heart of First Amendment activity and the Supreme Court has granted it great deference and protection. However, according to the Court in its landmark 1976 decision, Buckley v. Valeo, an absolutely free political marketplace is not required by the First Amendment—nor is it desirable—becau... | [
"Campaign finance regulation invokes two conflicting values implicit in the application of the First Amendment's guarantee of free political speech and association. On the one hand, political expression constitutes \"core\" First Amendment activity, which the Supreme Court grants the greatest deference and protecti... |
train_17182 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Senate "hold" is an informal practice whereby Senators communicate to Senate leaders, often in the form of a letter, their policy views and scheduling preferences regarding measures and matters available for floor consideration. Unique to the upper chamber, holds can be understood as information-sharing devices pre... | [
"Senate rules, procedures, and precedents give significant parliamentary power to individual Senators during the course of chamber deliberations. Many decisions the Senate makes—from routine requests for additional debate time, to determinations of how legislation will be considered on the floor—are arrived at by u... |
train_17183 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Adults may go missing due to personal choice, an abduction, foul play, a mental or physical disability, or a natural catastrophe, among other reasons. Although no accurate estimates exist of the number of missing adults, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported that as of December 31, 2016, approximately 54,0... | [
"Adults may go missing due to personal choice; an abduction or foul play; a physical or developmental disability; natural catastrophes that displace individuals, such as a hurricane; or certain high-risk behaviors, including gang involvement or drug use, among other circumstances. State and local laws govern how cr... |
train_17184 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There is a broad-based consensus that the U.S. immigration system is broken. This consensus erodes, however, as soon as the options to reform the U.S. immigration system are debated. The number of foreign-born people residing in the United States is at the highest level in U.S. history and has reached a proportion of t... | [
"The number of foreign-born people residing in the United States is at the highest level in U.S. history and has reached a proportion of the U.S. population—12.6%—not seen since the early 20 th century. Of the 38 million foreign-born residents in the United States, approximately 16.4 million are naturalized citizen... |
train_17185 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1970, Congress enacted legislation directing the President to promulgate oil spill prevention and response regulations. President Nixon delegated this presidential authority to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. In 1973, EPA issued Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulations that... | [
"The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) regulations include requirements for certain facilities to prevent, prepare for, and respond to discharges of oil and oil products—defined broadly—that may reach U.S. navigable waters or adjoining shorelines. Require... |
train_17186 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A large-scale assistance program has been undertaken by the United States in Iraq since mid-2003. To date, over $49 billion has been appropriated for Iraq reconstruction. Most recently, in June 2009, Congress provided $439 million in ESF and $20 million in INCLE funds for Iraq in the FY2009 supplemental appropriations ... | [
"On July 9, 2009, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported S. 1434 , the FY2010 State, Foreign Operations Appropriations, providing $375 million in ESF and $52 million in INCLE. On July 9, 2009, the House approved H.R. 3081 , the FY2010 State, Foreign Operations Appropriations, providing $400 million in ESF and... |
train_17187 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The diversity rationale for affirmative action in public education has long been a topic of political and legal controversy. Many colleges and universities have established affirmative action policies not only to remedy past discrimination, but also to achieve a racially and ethnically diverse student body or faculty. ... | [
"The diversity rationale for affirmative action in public education has long been a topic of political and legal controversy. Many colleges and universities have established affirmative action policies not only to remedy past discrimination, but also to achieve a racially and ethnically diverse student body or facu... |
train_17188 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The most recent Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commission submitted its final report to the Administration on September 8, 2005. Implementation of the BRAC round was officially completed on September 15, 2011. In the report, the commission rejected 13 of the initial Department of Defense recommendations, significa... | [
"To better confront the military demands of a post-Cold War world, as well as to reduce costs of maintaining excess military infrastructure, Congress authorizes the Department of Defense (DOD) to realign or close military bases. Following an examination of its military forces and installations, the department compi... |
train_17189 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Broadly understood, domestic content restrictions are provisions which require that items purchased using specific funds appropriated or otherwise made available by Congress be produced or manufactured in the United States. Federal law contains a number of such restrictions, each of which applies to different entities ... | [
"B roadly understood, domestic content restrictions are provisions which require that items purchased using specific funds appropriated by Congress be produced or manufactured in the United States. Over the years, Congress has enacted a number of such restrictions, pursuant to its broad power over federal spending,... |
train_17190 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Senate Rule XXVI establishes specific requirements for certain Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules to govern its own proceedings. These rules may "not be inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate." Senate committees may also operate according to additional establis... | [
"Senate Rule XXVI establishes specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules, which may \"not be inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate.\" Senate committees also operate according to additional established practices that are not necessarily re... |
train_17191 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concern has increased over the size and sustainability of the United States' recent budget deficits and the country's long-run budget outlook. This concern has brought the issues of the government's revenue needs and fundamental tax reform to the forefront of congressional debates. Congress may choose to address these ... | [
"There has been increased concern over the size and sustainability of the United States' recent deficits and the country's long-run budget outlook. This concern has brought the issues of the federal government's revenue needs and fundamental reform of the tax system to the forefront of congressional debates. One pl... |
train_17192 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Defense (DOD) in 2001 adopted a new approach for developing major weapon systems, called evolutionary acquisition with spiral development (EA/SD), as its preferred standard. EA/SD is intended to make DOD's acquisition system more responsive to rapid changes in military needs. EA/SD poses potentially i... | [
"DOD in 2001 adopted a new approach for developing new weapon systems, called evolutionary acquisition with spiral development (EA/SD), as its preferred standard. EA/SD, which is referred to informally (though not entirely accurately) as spiral development, is an outgrowth of the defense acquisition reform movement... |
train_17193 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report discusses the history of the use of offsetting rescissions to pay for supplemental appropriations to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) from FY1990 through FY2013. As Congress debated the growing size of the budget deficit and national debt, efforts intensified to control s... | [
"One long-standing policy question facing Congress is how to budget for and deal with the unexpected costs incurred in response and recovery from disasters. This question was raised in Congress periodically in the 112 th and 113 th Congresses (2011-2013) as part of larger discussions about how government funding de... |
train_17194 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 23, 2013, Japan formally joined negotiations to establish a Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) becoming the 12 participant, including the United States. Japan's membership in the TPP with the United States would constitute a de facto U.S.-Japan FTA. On April 12, 2013, the United States announced its support for Ja... | [
"The United States is engaged in negotiations with Japan and 10 other countries to form a regional free trade agreement (FTA)—the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP). In the negotiations, the United States and the other TPP partner-countries seek to build \"a comprehensive, next-generation regional agreement ... |
train_17195 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Fish and marine mammals are important resources in open ocean and nearshore coastal areas; many federal laws and regulations guide their management as well as the management of their habitat. Commercial and sport fishing are jointly managed by the federal government and individual states. States generally have jurisdic... | [
"On January 7, 2011, President Obama signed P.L. 111-383 , including a provision expressing the sense of Congress regarding recreational fishing on military installations. On January 4, 2011, President Obama signed (1) P.L. 111-348 , including provisions (a) amending the MSFCMA to modify language related to prohibi... |
train_17196 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government owns significant amounts of land and resources that are exempt from state and local taxation. State and local governments provide a wide variety of services—education, social services, public safety, transportation facilities, utilities, and much more. These services are funded through intergover... | [
"The federal government owns significant amounts of land and resources. These assets are exempt from state and local taxation. Congress has established a plethora of payments as compensation for this tax-exempt status. Some payment programs are based on the number of Indian children or children of federal employees... |
train_17197 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States and almost 200 other countries are negotiating under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to address climate change cooperatively beyond the year 2012. Parties agreed to complete the negotiations by the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-15) from December ... | [
"The United States and almost 200 other countries are negotiating under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to address climate change cooperatively beyond the year 2012. Parties agreed to complete those negotiations by the 15 th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP-15), held ... |
train_17198 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On October 23, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final version of regulations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing power plants (also referred to as electric generating units or EGUs by EPA). Since carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion is the largest source of U.S... | [
"On October 23, 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final version of its regulations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing power plants (also referred to as electric generating units or EGUs). Since carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from fossil fuel combustion is the primary sour... |
train_17199 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 112th Congress considered a number of issues related to currently available unemployment insurance programs: Unemployment Compensation (UC), temporary Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08), and Extended Benefits (EB). With the national unemployment rate decreasing but still high, the weekly demand for regular... | [
"The unemployment insurance (UI) system has two primary objectives: (1) to provide temporary, partial wage replacement for involuntarily unemployed workers; and (2) to stabilize the economy during recessions. In support of these goals, several UI programs may currently provide benefits for unemployed workers. In ge... |
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