id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56df9e1338dc4217001520ef | What group arrangement is usual in family authority? | matrilocal | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAnthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity a... |
56df9e1338dc4217001520f0 | What is the kinship and decent system among hunter-gatherers? | matrilineal | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAnthropologists maintain that hunter/gatherers don't have permanent leaders; instead, the person taking the initiative at any one time depends on the task being performed. In addition to social and economic equality in hunter-gatherer societies, there is often, though not always, sexual parity a... |
56dfa04b38dc421700152126 | What value system do Western scholars tend to use in analyzing societies? | Western values | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIt is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big g... |
56dfa04b38dc421700152127 | Who does most of the gathering in a hunter-gatherer society? | women | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIt is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big g... |
56dfa04b38dc421700152128 | What group members are the big game hunters? | men | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIt is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big g... |
56dfa04b38dc421700152129 | What does the argument over women as gathers said to produce ? | arrangement oppresses women | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIt is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big g... |
56dfa04b38dc42170015212a | How is childcare viewed in a hunter-gatherer society? | childcare is collective | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIt is easy for Western-educated scholars to fall into the trap of viewing hunter-gatherer social and sexual arrangements in the light of Western values.[editorializing] One common arrangement is the sexual division of labour, with women doing most of the gathering, while men concentrate on big g... |
56dfa2414a1a83140091ebde | How is labor often divided in these groups? | sexual division | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nTo this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. Accordin... |
56dfa2414a1a83140091ebe0 | What percentage of Aeta women hunt? | 85% | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nTo this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. Accordin... |
56dfa2414a1a83140091ebe1 | What is the success rate of Aeta female hunters? | 31% | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nTo this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. Accordin... |
56dfa2414a1a83140091ebe2 | What is the success rate for male Aeta hunters? | 17% | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nTo this day, most hunter-gatherers have a symbolically structured sexual division of labour. However, it is true that in a small minority of cases, women hunt the same kind of quarry as men, sometimes doing so alongside men. The best-known example are the Aeta people of the Philippines. Accordin... |
56dfa4514a1a83140091ec06 | At what conference did Richard Borshay speak? | Man the Hunter | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a populati... |
56dfa4514a1a83140091ec07 | When was the Man the Hunter conference? | 1966 | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a populati... |
56dfa4514a1a83140091ec08 | Why is there a lessening of material possessions in hunting and gathering groups? | mobility | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a populati... |
56dfa4514a1a83140091ec09 | What can decreased material possessions produce in a hunter-gatherer society? | egalitarianism | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a populati... |
56dfa4514a1a83140091ec0a | What other characteristic is variable for these groups? | territorial boundaries | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the 1966 \"Man the Hunter\" conference, anthropologists Richard Borshay Lee and Irven DeVore suggested that egalitarianism was one of several central characteristics of nomadic hunting and gathering societies because mobility requires minimization of material possessions throughout a populati... |
56dfa704231d4119001abc47 | Who called hunter-gathers the original affluent society? | Marshall Sahlins | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, \"Notes on the Original Affluent Society\", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,\" as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnograp... |
56dfa704231d4119001abc49 | When did Ross Sackett study time and energy for hunter-gartherer groups? | 1996 | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, \"Notes on the Original Affluent Society\", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,\" as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnograp... |
56dfa704231d4119001abc4b | How long a day do people in other societies work? | 8.8 hours a day | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nAt the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, \"Notes on the Original Affluent Society\", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as \"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short,\" as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnograp... |
56dface3231d4119001abc66 | What other characteristic of group behavior is needed in a hunter-gatherer society? | sharing | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a \"gift economy.\""
] |
56dface3231d4119001abc68 | What is the basis of a hunting an gathering economy? | gift economy | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMutual exchange and sharing of resources (i.e., meat gained from hunting) are important in the economic systems of hunter-gatherer societies. Therefore, these societies can be described as based on a \"gift economy.\""
] |
56dfb034231d4119001abc79 | What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices? | temperature | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only st... |
56dfb034231d4119001abc7a | What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies? | variability | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only st... |
56dfb034231d4119001abc7b | What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment? | significant | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only st... |
56dfb034231d4119001abc7c | What does temperature impact on tool kits? | increased variability of tools | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only st... |
56dfb034231d4119001abc7d | What is Torrence's 1989 theory about that ties into tool kit variability ? | risk of failure | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only st... |
56dfb59a231d4119001abcac | What does the immediate return system mean? | egalitarian | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nOne way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories \"immediate return\" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and \"delayed return\" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed... |
56dfb59a231d4119001abcad | To what kind of group does the delayed return system belong? | nonegalitarian | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nOne way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories \"immediate return\" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and \"delayed return\" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed... |
56dfb59a231d4119001abcae | Which group eats their acquired food in a day or two? | immediate return | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nOne way to divide hunter-gatherer groups is by their return systems. James Woodburn uses the categories \"immediate return\" hunter-gatherers for egalitarian and \"delayed return\" for nonegalitarian. Immediate return foragers consume their food within a day or two after they procure it. Delayed... |
56dfb76d231d4119001abcde | How do modern hunters and gathers differ from early ones? | contact with modern civilization | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do no... |
56dfb76d231d4119001abcdf | What type of conditions are not present in modern societies? | pristine | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do no... |
56dfb76d231d4119001abce0 | Where do you find groups that represent pristine conditions? | in uncontacted peoples | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do no... |
56dfb76d231d4119001abce1 | What do modern hunter-gatherers not reflect? | Paleolithic societies | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do no... |
56dfba0f231d4119001abd1f | What is hunting and gathering argued to be? | adaptive strategy | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In ... |
56dfba0f231d4119001abd20 | What situation can cause food stresses that make hunting-gathering necessary? | environmental change | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In ... |
56dfba0f231d4119001abd21 | What change from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not easy to mark? | transition | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In ... |
56dfba0f231d4119001abd22 | Besides the use of agriculture, what other factor clouds the issue of the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture? | cultural diffusion | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In ... |
56dfba0f231d4119001abd23 | How long has this cultural diffusion been happening? | last 10,000 years | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is not necessarily a one way process. It has been argued that hunting and gathering represents an adaptive strategy, which may still be exploited, if necessary, when environmental change causes extreme food stress for agriculturalists. In ... |
56dfbcf67aa994140058e0c8 | If they're not purely hunter-gatherers, then what do they have a history of being? | agriculturalists | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIn the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agri... |
56dfbcf67aa994140058e0c9 | What caused these one-time agriculturalists to become foragers?? | pushed into marginal areas | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIn the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agri... |
56dfbcf67aa994140058e0ca | What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers? | migrations | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIn the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agri... |
56dfbcf67aa994140058e0cb | Besides economic troubles, what else could push a people into foraging? | violent conflict | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nIn the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agri... |
56dfbf01231d4119001abd79 | What can be learned from the study of modern hunter-gatherers? | nothing meaningful | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome of the theorists who advocate this \"revisionist\" critique imply that, because the \"pure hunter-gatherer\" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-... |
56dfbf01231d4119001abd7b | Who thinks that it is useless to study modern foragers since the real ones are gone? | theorists | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome of the theorists who advocate this \"revisionist\" critique imply that, because the \"pure hunter-gatherer\" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-... |
56dfbf01231d4119001abd7d | What type of hunter-gatherer has disappeared ? | pure hunter-gatherer | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome of the theorists who advocate this \"revisionist\" critique imply that, because the \"pure hunter-gatherer\" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-... |
56dfc11d231d4119001abda5 | Who has rejected Wilmsen's arguments? | Lee and Guenther | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nLee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism."
... |
56dfc11d231d4119001abda7 | Whose lifestyle does Shultziner think we can learn about? | prehistoric hunter-gatherers | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nLee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism."
... |
56dfc11d231d4119001abda8 | What is it about prehistoric hunter-gatherers that impresses Shultziner? | egalitarianism | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nLee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism."
... |
56dfc11d231d4119001abda9 | Who has offered arguments that Lee and Guenther disliked? | Wilmsen | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nLee and Guenther have rejected most of the arguments put forward by Wilmsen. Doron Shultziner and others have argued that we can learn a lot about the life-styles of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of contemporary hunter-gatherers—especially their impressive levels of egalitarianism."
... |
56dfc2b77aa994140058e153 | What do hunter-gathers intentionally manipulate? | the landscape | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMany hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated w... |
56dfc2b77aa994140058e154 | How do they manage the landscape? | cutting or burning undesirable plants | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMany hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated w... |
56dfc2b77aa994140058e155 | What technique do they use to make animal habitats? | slash-and-burn | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMany hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated w... |
56dfc2b77aa994140058e156 | What is the manipulation of the landscape associated with? | agriculture | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMany hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated w... |
56dfc2b77aa994140058e157 | What do modern hunter-gatherers depend on at least somewhat? | domesticated food | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nMany hunter-gatherers consciously manipulate the landscape through cutting or burning undesirable plants while encouraging desirable ones, some even going to the extent of slash-and-burn to create habitat for game animals. These activities are on an entirely different scale to those associated w... |
56dfc4a47aa994140058e179 | What do some agriculturalists often do? | hunt and gather | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on huntin... |
56dfc4a47aa994140058e17a | What do they sometimes do for entertainment? | go hunting | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on huntin... |
56dfc4a47aa994140058e17c | Why would they leave agricultural lifestyle? | to escape colonial control | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on huntin... |
56dfc4a47aa994140058e17d | Besides avoiding government controls, what other reason could they have? | agriculture became difficult | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nSome agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on huntin... |
56dfc69b231d4119001abde7 | What is the name of the Spinifex people? | Pila Nguru | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThere are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert ha... |
56dfc69b231d4119001abde8 | Where do the Pila Nguru people live? | Western Australia | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThere are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert ha... |
56dfc69b231d4119001abdea | Who refuses contact with outsiders on Sentinel Island? | Sentinelese | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThere are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert ha... |
56dfc69b231d4119001abdeb | Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands? | Indian Ocean | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThere are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert ha... |
56dfc85c7aa994140058e1ad | These ancient hunter-gathers followed what path in pursuit of game? | ice-free corridors | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nEvidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Plei... |
56dfc85c7aa994140058e1ae | Between what ice sheets were the corridors located? | Laurentide and Cordilleran | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nEvidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Plei... |
56dfc85c7aa994140058e1af | What other way could they have crossed on to this continent? | primitive boats | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nEvidence suggests big-game hunter gatherers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia (Eurasia) into North America over a land bridge (Beringia), that existed between 47,000–14,000 years ago. Around 18,500-15,500 years ago, these hunter-gatherers are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct Plei... |
56dfca3c231d4119001abdfb | Where did the North American hunter-gathers mostly live? | Great Plains | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were ... |
56dfca3c231d4119001abdfc | What basic trait do all hunter-gatherers share? | stone tool production | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were ... |
56dfca3c231d4119001abdfd | What is it about the tool styles that is remarkable? | common style | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were ... |
56dfca3c231d4119001abdfe | Where have early Paleo -Indian tools been found? | across the Americas | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were ... |
56dfca3c231d4119001abdff | How many members did the mobile tool-making hunters often have? | 25 to 50 members | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nHunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were ... |
56dfcc01231d4119001abe05 | What kind of climate occurred in the Americas? | warmer more arid | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources availa... |
56dfcc01231d4119001abe06 | What disappeared during the Archaic period? | megafauna | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources availa... |
56dfcc01231d4119001abe07 | What became the norm for the mobile bands? | regional adaptations | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources availa... |
56dfcc01231d4119001abe08 | What did they rely less and less on? | hunting and gathering | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources availa... |
56dfcc01231d4119001abe09 | What was there a pattern of in this period? | increasing regional generalization | [
"Hunter-gatherer\n\nThe Archaic period in the Americas saw a changing environment featuring a warmer more arid climate and the disappearance of the last megafauna. The majority of population groups at this time were still highly mobile hunter-gatherers; but now individual groups started to focus on resources availa... |
56df47738bc80c19004e49e1 | What is the current name of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities? | United Nations Population Fund | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it \"is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potenti... |
56df47738bc80c19004e49e2 | UNFPA's work concerns what general area? | reproductive health | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it \"is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potenti... |
56df47738bc80c19004e49e3 | One of UNFPA's goals is to make all pregnancies what? | wanted | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it \"is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potenti... |
56df47738bc80c19004e49e4 | Another of UNFPA's goals is to make all childbirths what? | safe | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it \"is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potenti... |
56df47738bc80c19004e49e5 | What, in addition to its work against obstetric fistula, is UNFPA campaigning against? | female genital mutilation | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it \"is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potenti... |
56df49648bc80c19004e4a00 | In how many geographic regions does UNFPA operate? | four | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a... |
56df49648bc80c19004e4a01 | About what fraction of UNFPA's staff do field work? | three quarters | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a... |
56df49648bc80c19004e4a02 | UNFPA is part of what larger U.N. group? | United Nations Development Group | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a... |
56df49648bc80c19004e4a03 | UNFPA groups what area in the same geographic region as the Arab States? | Europe | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe UNFPA supports programs in more than 150 countries, territories and areas spread across four geographic regions: Arab States and Europe, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and sub-Saharan Africa. Around three quarters of the staff work in the field. It is a... |
56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a1f | When did UNFPA begin its work? | 1969 | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nUNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly."
] |
56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a20 | What was UNFPA's original name? | United Nations Fund for Population Activities | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nUNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly."
] |
56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a21 | When did the organization change its name? | 1987 | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nUNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly."
] |
56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a22 | UNFPA was originally administered by what U.N. body? | United Nations Development Fund | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nUNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly."
] |
56df4ae18bc80c19004e4a23 | When was UNFPA moved to being under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly? | 1971 | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nUNFPA began operations in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (the name was changed in 1987) under the administration of the United Nations Development Fund. In 1971 it was placed under the authority of the United Nations General Assembly."
] |
56df4c618bc80c19004e4a2d | When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals? | 2015 | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nIn September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths... |
56df4c618bc80c19004e4a2e | How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals? | 193 | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nIn September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths... |
56df4c618bc80c19004e4a30 | How many Sustainable Development Goals are there? | 17 | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nIn September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths... |
56df4c618bc80c19004e4a31 | The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period? | 15 years | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nIn September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths... |
56df4ef296943c1400a5d363 | Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope? | ambitious | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in... |
56df4ef296943c1400a5d365 | The third of the goals concerns what? | health | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in... |
56df4ef296943c1400a5d366 | What does the fourth goal focus on improving? | education | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in... |
56df4ef296943c1400a5d367 | What is the topic of the fifth goal? | gender equality | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nThe Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in... |
56df50e896943c1400a5d382 | Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 1969 to 1987? | Rafael M. Salas | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nExecutive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN\n2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)\n2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)\n1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)\n1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)"
] |
56df50e896943c1400a5d383 | Dr Babatunde Osotimehin hailed from what country? | Nigeria | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nExecutive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN\n2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)\n2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)\n1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)\n1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)"
] |
56df50e896943c1400a5d384 | Who was Executive Director or Under-Secretary General from 2000 to 2010? | Thoraya Ahmed Obaid | [
"United_Nations_Population_Fund\n\nExecutive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN\n2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)\n2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)\n1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)\n1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)"
] |
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