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56dfb76e7aa994140058e068
In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?
1514
[ "Pub\n\nA traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders." ]
56dfb76e7aa994140058e069
Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?
monasteries
[ "Pub\n\nA traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders." ]
56dfb76e7aa994140058e06a
What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?
pilgrimages
[ "Pub\n\nA traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders." ]
56dfb801231d4119001abcf1
Aside from lodging, what amenities are often offered at inns?
food and drink
[ "Pub\n\nInns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old....
56dfb801231d4119001abcf2
What road is an inn often located near?
highway
[ "Pub\n\nInns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old....
56dfb801231d4119001abcf3
How many thousand years ago did the Romans build their road system?
two
[ "Pub\n\nInns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old....
56dfb801231d4119001abcf4
About how old are the oldest inns in Europe?
several centuries
[ "Pub\n\nInns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old....
56dfb801231d4119001abcf5
What role did inns serve other than housing travelers?
community gathering places
[ "Pub\n\nInns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway. In Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago.[citation needed] Some inns in Europe are several centuries old....
56dfb89e7aa994140058e06f
What amenity does an inn offer that pubs, alehouses and taverns usually do not?
accommodation
[ "Pub\n\nIn Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they pr...
56dfb89e7aa994140058e070
In what nation's pubs is food often served?
the UK
[ "Pub\n\nIn Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they pr...
56dfb89e7aa994140058e071
Along with Southwark and The Tabard, what is a notable London inn?
The George
[ "Pub\n\nIn Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they pr...
56dfb89e7aa994140058e072
In what country is "The Welcome Inn" frequently used as a name for pubs?
Scotland
[ "Pub\n\nIn Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they pr...
56dfb89e7aa994140058e073
Aside from human beings, what creature's needs were traditionally seen to at inns?
horses
[ "Pub\n\nIn Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, that now distinguishes inns from taverns, alehouses and pubs. The latter tend to provide alcohol (and, in the UK, soft drinks and often food), but less commonly accommodation. Inns tend to be older and grander establishments: historically they pr...
56dfb914231d4119001abd05
What is the main service of an inn, now also attainable in motels, hotels and lodges?
lodging
[ "Pub\n\nThe original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which ...
56dfb914231d4119001abd06
What is the main provision that pubs offer?
alcohol
[ "Pub\n\nThe original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which ...
56dfb914231d4119001abd07
What are customers seeking when they visit restaurants or taverns?
food and drink
[ "Pub\n\nThe original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which ...
56dfb914231d4119001abd08
What is a noted hotel brand throughout North America?
Holiday Inn
[ "Pub\n\nThe original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which ...
56dfb914231d4119001abd09
In the United States, what are operators of lodgings sometimes called?
innkeepers
[ "Pub\n\nThe original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which ...
56dfb970231d4119001abd0f
Along with the Inns of Chancery, in what inns did British lawyers historically conduct business?
Inns of Court
[ "Pub\n\nThe Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales." ]
56dfb970231d4119001abd10
In what city are the Inns of Chancery located?
London
[ "Pub\n\nThe Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales." ]
56dfb970231d4119001abd11
Outside England, what other country does the legal system founded around the Inns of Court operate in?
Wales
[ "Pub\n\nThe Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, but became institutions of the legal profession in England and Wales." ]
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd15
What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?
fermented malt
[ "Pub\n\nTraditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the c...
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd16
What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?
the Netherlands
[ "Pub\n\nTraditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the c...
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd17
In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?
15th
[ "Pub\n\nTraditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the c...
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd18
In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?
17th
[ "Pub\n\nTraditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the c...
56dfb9fe231d4119001abd19
What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?
commercial breweries
[ "Pub\n\nTraditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the c...
56dfba5f231d4119001abd29
After what political upheaval was gin introduced to England?
the Glorious Revolution
[ "Pub\n\nThe 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for \"cuckoo grain\" or \"cuckoo malt\" that was ...
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2a
What people introduced gin to England?
the Dutch
[ "Pub\n\nThe 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for \"cuckoo grain\" or \"cuckoo malt\" that was ...
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2b
In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur?
1688
[ "Pub\n\nThe 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for \"cuckoo grain\" or \"cuckoo malt\" that was ...
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2c
How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?
six times
[ "Pub\n\nThe 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for \"cuckoo grain\" or \"cuckoo malt\" that was ...
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2d
In 1740, what fraction of London drinking establishments were gin shops?
half
[ "Pub\n\nThe 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for \"cuckoo grain\" or \"cuckoo malt\" that was ...
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b5
What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane?
William Hogarth
[ "Pub\n\nThe drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the s...
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b6
What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots?
The Gin Act 1736
[ "Pub\n\nThe drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the s...
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b7
When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated?
1742
[ "Pub\n\nThe drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the s...
56dfbb977aa994140058e0b8
What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates?
The Gin Act 1751
[ "Pub\n\nThe drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the s...
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d7
In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain?
19th
[ "Pub\n\nBy the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or \"Gin Palaces\" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sket...
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d8
What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments?
Sketches by Boz
[ "Pub\n\nBy the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or \"Gin Palaces\" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sket...
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0d9
Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written?
1835–1836
[ "Pub\n\nBy the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or \"Gin Palaces\" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sket...
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0da
What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century?
"Gin Palaces"
[ "Pub\n\nBy the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or \"Gin Palaces\" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sket...
56dfbdc47aa994140058e0db
In what British city did gin houses first appear?
London
[ "Pub\n\nBy the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or \"Gin Palaces\" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sket...
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd67
What law allowed the existence of beer houses?
Beer Act of 1830
[ "Pub\n\nUnder a banner of \"reducing public drunkenness\" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed ...
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd68
In what way did small beer differ from regular beer?
low alcohol content
[ "Pub\n\nUnder a banner of \"reducing public drunkenness\" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed ...
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd69
What alcohol was regarded as evil when compared to beer?
gin
[ "Pub\n\nUnder a banner of \"reducing public drunkenness\" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed ...
56dfbe6f231d4119001abd6a
What was the intention behind the passage of the Beer Act of 1830?
reducing public drunkenness
[ "Pub\n\nUnder a banner of \"reducing public drunkenness\" the Beer Act of 1830 introduced a new lower tier of premises permitted to sell alcohol, the Beer Houses. At the time beer was viewed as harmless, nutritious and even healthy. Young children were often given what was described as small beer, which was brewed ...
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f3
What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?
£168
[ "Pub\n\nUnder the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortif...
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f4
What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?
beer or cider
[ "Pub\n\nUnder the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortif...
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5
On what day were beer houses closed?
Sundays
[ "Pub\n\nUnder the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortif...
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f6
Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from?
jugs
[ "Pub\n\nUnder the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortif...
56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f7
What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses?
spirits and fortified wines
[ "Pub\n\nUnder the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortif...
56dfbf737aa994140058e103
How many beer houses opened their doors in the inaugural year of the Beer Act?
400
[ "Pub\n\nIn the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permiss...
56dfbf737aa994140058e104
How many beer houses existed throughout Britain eight years after the passage of the Beer Act?
46,000
[ "Pub\n\nIn the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permiss...
56dfbf737aa994140058e105
In what year were additional licensing laws introduced for beer houses?
1869
[ "Pub\n\nIn the first year, 400 beer houses opened and within eight years there were 46,000 across the country, far outnumbering the combined total of long-established taverns, pubs, inns and hotels. Because it was so easy to obtain permission and the profits could be huge compared to the low cost of gaining permiss...
56dfbfff7aa994140058e111
What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?
pubs
[ "Pub\n\nAlthough the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new lice...
56dfbfff7aa994140058e112
By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?
19th
[ "Pub\n\nAlthough the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new lice...
56dfbfff7aa994140058e113
Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?
corners or road junctions
[ "Pub\n\nAlthough the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new lice...
56dfbfff7aa994140058e114
What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?
real ale micro-brewers
[ "Pub\n\nAlthough the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new lice...
56dfc02e7aa994140058e119
Along with The Royal Oak and The Crown, what is a traditional name for a pub?
The Red Lion
[ "Pub\n\nThe beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times." ]
56dfc02e7aa994140058e11a
What is an example of a name for a beer house?
Smith's Beer House
[ "Pub\n\nThe beer houses tended to avoid the traditional pub names like The Crown, The Red Lion, The Royal Oak etc. and, if they did not simply name their place Smith's Beer House, they would apply topical pub names in an effort to reflect the mood of the times." ]
56dfc0887aa994140058e11d
In addition to a license to sell spirits, what did tavern owners require a license to sell?
ale
[ "Pub\n\nThere was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits." ]
56dfc0887aa994140058e11e
In what century did public drinking regulations first exist in England?
17th
[ "Pub\n\nThere was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits." ]
56dfc0887aa994140058e11f
What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?
the crown
[ "Pub\n\nThere was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits." ]
56dfc0e0231d4119001abd9f
In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?
19th
[ "Pub\n\nFrom the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005." ]
56dfc0e0231d4119001abda0
In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?
1960s
[ "Pub\n\nFrom the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005." ]
56dfc0e0231d4119001abda1
What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?
Local Authorities
[ "Pub\n\nFrom the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005." ]
56dfd598231d4119001abe0f
What law mandated a license from the local magistrate to sell beer?
Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869
[ "Pub\n\nThe Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforce...
56dfd598231d4119001abe10
At what locations were public house licenses granted?
special Licensing Sessions courts
[ "Pub\n\nThe Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforce...
56dfd598231d4119001abe11
Retirees from what two professions often sought licenses for pubs?
ex-servicemen or ex-policemen
[ "Pub\n\nThe Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforce...
56dfd598231d4119001abe12
What were licenses called that allowed spirits to be served at temporary premises?
Occasional Licences
[ "Pub\n\nThe Wine and Beerhouse Act 1869 reintroduced the stricter controls of the previous century. The sale of beers, wines or spirits required a licence for the premises from the local magistrates. Further provisions regulated gaming, drunkenness, prostitution and undesirable conduct on licensed premises, enforce...
56dfd601231d4119001abe17
Where can historical licensing records be examined?
London Metropolitan Archives centre
[ "Pub\n\nDetailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre." ]
56dfd601231d4119001abe18
Along with a public house's address, licensee, and the licensee's misdemeanors, what information was kept in licensing records?
owner
[ "Pub\n\nDetailed licensing records were kept, giving the Public House, its address, owner, licensee and misdemeanours of the licensees, often going back for hundreds of years[citation needed]. Many of these records survive and can be viewed, for example, at the London Metropolitan Archives centre." ]
56dfd68c231d4119001abe1b
What law further restricted public houses?
the Defence of the Realm Act
[ "Pub\n\nThe restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and...
56dfd68c231d4119001abe1c
In what month and year was the Defence of the Realm Act passed?
August 1914
[ "Pub\n\nThe restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and...
56dfd68c231d4119001abe1d
Along with the period 6:30 pm–9:30 pm, what opening hours were acceptable under the Defence of the Realm Act?
12 noon–2:30 pm
[ "Pub\n\nThe restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and...
56dfd68c231d4119001abe1e
What is an example of a county where provinces were closed for violating the Defence of the Realm Act?
Pembrokeshire
[ "Pub\n\nThe restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and...
56dfd68c231d4119001abe1f
What body enforced pubs' closing hours under the Defence of the Realm Act?
the police
[ "Pub\n\nThe restrictions were tightened by the Defence of the Realm Act of August 1914, which, along with the introduction of rationing and the censorship of the press for wartime purposes, restricted pubs' opening hours to 12 noon–2:30 pm and 6:30 pm–9:30 pm. Opening for the full licensed hours was compulsory, and...
56dfd73b231d4119001abe25
What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Kensington in the 1960s?
10:30 pm
[ "Pub\n\nThere was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differen...
56dfd73b231d4119001abe26
What was the mandated closing time of pubs in Knightsbridge in the 1960s?
11 pm
[ "Pub\n\nThere was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differen...
56dfd73b231d4119001abe27
What is an example of an English city where breweries were run by the government?
Carlisle
[ "Pub\n\nThere was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differen...
56dfd73b231d4119001abe28
In what year did the State Management Scheme cease?
1973
[ "Pub\n\nThere was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differen...
56dfd73b231d4119001abe29
On what days were Scottish and Welsh pubs often 'dry'?
Sundays
[ "Pub\n\nThere was a special case established under the State Management Scheme where the brewery and licensed premises were bought and run by the state until 1973, most notably in Carlisle. During the 20th century elsewhere, both the licensing laws and enforcement were progressively relaxed, and there were differen...
56dfd7cf231d4119001abe2f
Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday?
11 pm
[ "Pub\n\nHowever, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm o...
56dfd7cf231d4119001abe30
What was the latest legal closing time on Sundays in English pubs as of 2000?
10:30 pm
[ "Pub\n\nHowever, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm o...
56dfd7cf231d4119001abe31
How many hours per day were pubs located near Billingsgate fish market allowed to remain open?
24
[ "Pub\n\nHowever, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm o...
56dfd7cf231d4119001abe32
In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on Sundays?
12 noon
[ "Pub\n\nHowever, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm o...
56dfd7cf231d4119001abe33
In 2000, what was the earliest Welsh and English pubs could open on any day but Sunday?
11 am
[ "Pub\n\nHowever, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm o...
56dfd80f231d4119001abe39
When were wartime licensing laws ended in Scotland?
1976
[ "Pub\n\nScotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976." ]
56dfd80f231d4119001abe3a
What constituent countries of the United Kingdom's licensing laws were notably flexible?
Scotland's and Northern Ireland's
[ "Pub\n\nScotland's and Northern Ireland's licensing laws have long been more flexible, allowing local authorities to set pub opening and closing times. In Scotland, this stemmed out of[clarification needed] a late repeal of the wartime licensing laws, which stayed in force until 1976." ]
56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b5
When did the Licensing Act 2003 come into effect?
24 November 2005
[ "Pub\n\nThe Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when p...
56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b6
After the Licensing Act 2003, who determined the operating hours of pubs?
the local council
[ "Pub\n\nThe Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when p...
56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b7
Due to the traditional closing hours, when was there often violence outside of pubs?
11.30 pm
[ "Pub\n\nThe Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when p...
56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b8
How many alcohol involved hospital admissions were there in 2006/7?
207,800
[ "Pub\n\nThe Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when p...
56dfdaca7aa994140058e1b9
How many pubs applied to be allowed to sell alcohol 24 hours a day?
1,121
[ "Pub\n\nThe Licensing Act 2003, which came into force on 24 November 2005, consolidated the many laws into a single Act. This allowed pubs in England and Wales to apply to the local council for the opening hours of their choice. It was argued that this would end the concentration of violence around 11.30 pm, when p...
56dfdb677aa994140058e1bf
What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?
"lock-in"
[ "Pub\n\nA \"lock-in\" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks...
56dfdb677aa994140058e1c0
What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?
Licensing Act 2003
[ "Pub\n\nA \"lock-in\" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks...
56dfdb677aa994140058e1c1
A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?
1915
[ "Pub\n\nA \"lock-in\" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks...
56dfdb677aa994140058e1c2
What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?
allowing smoking
[ "Pub\n\nA \"lock-in\" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks...
56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c7
In what month and year was smoking banned in public places in Scotland?
March 2006
[ "Pub\n\nIn March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales...
56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c8
When did Wales outlaw smoking in public?
April 2007
[ "Pub\n\nIn March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales...
56dfdbee7aa994140058e1c9
What was the month and year when England banned public smoking?
July 2007
[ "Pub\n\nIn March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales...
56dfdbee7aa994140058e1ca
What company took over Scottish & Newcastle's pubs?
Carlsberg and Heineken
[ "Pub\n\nIn March 2006, a law was introduced to forbid smoking in all enclosed public places in Scotland. Wales followed suit in April 2007, with England introducing the ban in July 2007. Pub landlords had raised concerns prior to the implementation of the law that a smoking ban would have a negative impact on sales...