id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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571010e7b654c5140001f7a6 | What does Sigmund believe we all as adults desire? | both the masculine and the feminine sides of their natures | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nInnate bisexuality is an idea introduced by Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, all humans are born bisexual in a very broad sense of the term, that of incorporating general aspects of both sexes. In Freud's view, this was true anatomically and therefore also psychologically, with sexual... |
571010e7b654c5140001f7a7 | Even though Sigmund believed all people where born bisexual what did he not believe to be true? | that everyone is bisexual in the sense of feeling the same level of sexual attraction to both genders | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nInnate bisexuality is an idea introduced by Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, all humans are born bisexual in a very broad sense of the term, that of incorporating general aspects of both sexes. In Freud's view, this was true anatomically and therefore also psychologically, with sexual... |
57101252a58dae1900cd685a | Whar words may people use for sexual idenity? | pansexual or polysexual, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThese categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of i... |
57101252a58dae1900cd685b | What does the American Pyschological Association say sexual orientation refers to? | a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThese categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of i... |
57101252a58dae1900cd685c | What terms does behavorial science use instead of using gender binary conceptualization? | Androphilia and gynephilia | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThese categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of i... |
57101252a58dae1900cd685d | What is androphilia used to describe? | sexual attraction to masculinity | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThese categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of i... |
57101252a58dae1900cd685e | What is gynephilia used to describe? | the sexual attraction to femininity | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThese categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation \"also refers to a person's sense of i... |
57101326a58dae1900cd6864 | What does the American Physocological Association say that sexual orientation refers to? | an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe American Psychological Association states that \"[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes\" and that \"[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations thro... |
57101326a58dae1900cd6865 | What do a lot of cultures use to describe homosexual people? | identity labels | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe American Psychological Association states that \"[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes\" and that \"[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations thro... |
57101326a58dae1900cd6866 | What are the most used labels in America to describe homosexuals? | lesbians (women attracted to women), gay men (men attracted to men), and bisexual people (men or women attracted to both sexes). | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe American Psychological Association states that \"[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes\" and that \"[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations thro... |
57101326a58dae1900cd6867 | What do psychologists says sexual orientation can also mean? | a person’s choice of sexual partners | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe American Psychological Association states that \"[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes\" and that \"[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations thro... |
57101489a58dae1900cd686c | What does NARTH stand for? | The National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a \"professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality,\" disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion th... |
57101489a58dae1900cd686d | What does NARTH consider itself to be? | a "professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a \"professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality,\" disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion th... |
57101489a58dae1900cd686e | What does NARTH disagree with? | the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion therapy | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a \"professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality,\" disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion th... |
57101489a58dae1900cd686f | What does NARTH state is wrong with the mainstream mental healths stand on conversion therapy? | its effectiveness and by describing sexual orientation not as a binary immutable quality | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a \"professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality,\" disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion th... |
57101489a58dae1900cd6870 | What concerns did both the American Psychological Association and the Royal College of PSychiatrist have with NARTH? | that the positions espoused by NARTH are not supported by the science and create an environment in which prejudice and discrimination can flourish | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), which describes itself as a \"professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality,\" disagrees with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion th... |
571015bea58dae1900cd6876 | What do the terms andophilia and gynephilia help prevent? | confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nUsing androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, \"is needed to overcome immense difficultie... |
571015bea58dae1900cd6877 | Why does psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal say androphilia and gynephilia are needed terms? | the affected s | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nUsing androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, \"is needed to overcome immense difficultie... |
571015bea58dae1900cd6878 | What can attempting to label members of the LGBT community cause? | confusion | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nUsing androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, \"is needed to overcome immense difficultie... |
571015bea58dae1900cd6879 | What does MIlton Diamond say about the terms heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual? | are better used as adjectives, not nouns, and are better applied to behaviors, not people. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nUsing androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, \"is needed to overcome immense difficultie... |
571015bea58dae1900cd687a | What advantages do the terms androphilia and gynephilia have? | when discussing the partners of transsexual or intersexed individuals | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nUsing androphilia and gynephilia can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist Anil Aggrawal explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, \"is needed to overcome immense difficultie... |
57101794b654c5140001f7c9 | What has the KInsey scaled been praised for? | dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more a... |
57101794b654c5140001f7ca | What has the Kinsey scale been critisized for? | because it is still not a true continuum | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more a... |
57101794b654c5140001f7cb | How many categories are used in the KInsey scale? | seven | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more a... |
57101794b654c5140001f7cc | In a study by Masters and Johnson what did the find difficult about KIneys ratings? | to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more a... |
57101794b654c5140001f7cd | What in somebodys past caused problems for the Kinsey scale? | a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. However, the scale has been criticized because it is still not a true continuum. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more a... |
57101890b654c5140001f7d3 | How many questions does the SASO contain? | 12 | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six ma... |
57101890b654c5140001f7d4 | What do six of the questions asses? | sexual attraction | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six ma... |
57101890b654c5140001f7d5 | What do the other six questions asses? | four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six ma... |
57101890b654c5140001f7d6 | What questions corresponds to the homosexual ones? | heterosexuality | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six ma... |
57101890b654c5140001f7d7 | How are the results simplified when using the SASO? | into four summaries that look specifically at responses that correspond to either homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six ma... |
571019efa58dae1900cd6886 | Has the cause for sexual orientation been found yet? | The exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biol... |
571019efa58dae1900cd6887 | What has the research that has been conducted for the influence of genetics made many people think? | that biology and environment factors play a complex role in forming it | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biol... |
571019efa58dae1900cd6888 | What was once thought to cause homosexuality? | the result of faulty psychological development | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biol... |
571019efa58dae1900cd6889 | What was found out about the theory of faulty psychological development being the cause for homosexuality? | this was based on prejudice and misinformation. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biol... |
57101b41a58dae1900cd6898 | What can the scales for sexual orientation be used for? | determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the uses for scales that assess sexual orientation is determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population. Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is ... |
57101b41a58dae1900cd6899 | What will cause the amount of homosexuality to vary? | which component of sexual orientation is being assessed | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the uses for scales that assess sexual orientation is determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population. Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is ... |
57101b41a58dae1900cd689a | Out of sexual attraction, sexual behovior, and sexual identity which will show more accurately the amount of homosexuals in a population? | Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the uses for scales that assess sexual orientation is determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population. Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is ... |
57101c35b654c5140001f801 | Which chromosome is responsible for produlcing male differentiation on defect female development? | chromosome Y | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nAs female fetuses have two X chromosomes and male ones a XY pair, the chromosome Y is the responsible for producing male differentiation on the defect female development. The differentiation process is driven by androgen hormones, mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The newly f... |
57101c35b654c5140001f802 | What is the differentiation process driven by? | androgen hormones, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nAs female fetuses have two X chromosomes and male ones a XY pair, the chromosome Y is the responsible for producing male differentiation on the defect female development. The differentiation process is driven by androgen hormones, mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The newly f... |
57101c35b654c5140001f803 | What results in sexual differences in males and females? | secretion of androgens, that will cooperate in driving the sexual differentiation of the developing fetus, included its brain | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nAs female fetuses have two X chromosomes and male ones a XY pair, the chromosome Y is the responsible for producing male differentiation on the defect female development. The differentiation process is driven by androgen hormones, mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The newly f... |
57101c35b654c5140001f804 | What have scientist began to test due to the fact that adrogen results in sexual differences? | the result of modifying androgen exposure levels in mammals during fetus and early life | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nAs female fetuses have two X chromosomes and male ones a XY pair, the chromosome Y is the responsible for producing male differentiation on the defect female development. The differentiation process is driven by androgen hormones, mainly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The newly f... |
57101dc2b654c5140001f809 | Who created on of the earliest sexual classification schemes? | Karl Heinrich Ulrichs | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings an... |
57101dc2b654c5140001f80a | When did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs develop this classification scheme? | in the 1860s | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings an... |
57101dc2b654c5140001f80b | Was his classification scheme meant for males or females? | meant only to describe males | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings an... |
57101dc2b654c5140001f80c | What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme? | dionings, urnings and uranodionings | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings an... |
57101dc2b654c5140001f80d | What did these three categories correspond with? | the categories of sexual orientation used today: | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOne of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings an... |
57101eefa58dae1900cd68b2 | What did both Weinrich and Weinberg critisize the KInsey scale for? | lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nWeinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and ps... |
57101eefa58dae1900cd68b3 | What caused valuable information to be lost while using the KInsey scale? | collapsing the two values into one final score | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nWeinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and ps... |
57101eefa58dae1900cd68b4 | Why was collapsing the two values into one score a problem? | A person who has only predominantly same sex reactions is different from someone with relatively little reaction but lots of same sex experience | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nWeinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and ps... |
57101eefa58dae1900cd68b5 | How could Kinsey have avoided losing this crucial information? | to have measured the two dimensions separately and report scores independently to avoid loss of information | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nWeinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and ps... |
57101eefa58dae1900cd68b6 | Besides behavior and reactions what else could have been used in the KInsey scale? | one could also assess attraction, identification, lifestyle | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nWeinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and ps... |
57102005a58dae1900cd68c6 | What questions did Sell consider the most important on the KInsey scale? | those assessing sexual attraction | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOf all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as \"extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or ne... |
57102005a58dae1900cd68c7 | Why did Sell consider the questions regarding sexual attraction the most important? | sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOf all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as \"extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or ne... |
57102005a58dae1900cd68c8 | Rather than define sexual orientation as sexual idenity or behavior what did Sell define it as? | extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or neither | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOf all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as \"extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or ne... |
57102005a58dae1900cd68c9 | What is a huge concern for SASO? | the reliability and validity remains largely unexamined. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOf all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as \"extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or ne... |
571022d9b654c5140001f83b | What reflects the prevalence rates varying? | people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al., (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexu... |
571022d9b654c5140001f83c | What does it mean when someones sexualiity is fluid? | such that one's sexual orientation is not necessarily stable or consistent over time but is subject to change throughout life. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al., (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexu... |
571022d9b654c5140001f83d | What did Diamond find about the women? | over 7 years 2/3 of the women changed their sexual identity at least once, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al., (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexu... |
571022d9b654c5140001f83e | What did women acknowledge who considered themselves as lesbian or bisexual? | the possibility for future same sex attractions and/or behaviour | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al., (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexu... |
571022d9b654c5140001f83f | What makes it difficult to determine if someone is homosexual or not? | individuals classified as homosexual in one study might not be identified the same way in another depending on which components are assessed | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al., (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexu... |
571023e0b654c5140001f845 | Why do researches in homosexual studies argued that it is a social and historical constuction? | Because sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nBecause sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an... |
571023e0b654c5140001f846 | Which philosopher argued homosexuality did not exist as an idenity in the eighteenth century? | Michel Foucault | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nBecause sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an... |
571023e0b654c5140001f847 | In what year did Michel Foucalt publish The History Of Sexuality? | 1976 | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nBecause sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an... |
571023e0b654c5140001f848 | What did he state was an invention of the modern state? | 'Sexuality | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nBecause sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an... |
571023e0b654c5140001f849 | What was a crime in the eighteenth century that could cause severe punishment but was mostly ignored? | Sodomy | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nBecause sexual orientation is complex and multi-dimensional, some academics and researchers, especially in queer studies, have argued that it is a historical and social construction. In 1976, philosopher and historian Michel Foucault argued in The History of Sexuality that homosexuality as an... |
571024daa58dae1900cd6914 | What do some researchers argue about the idea of sexual orientation? | the concept may not apply similarly to men and women | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may not apply similarly to men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have pat... |
571024daa58dae1900cd6915 | What have studies found about women and their believed sexual orientations? | female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of arousal which do not match | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may not apply similarly to men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have pat... |
571024daa58dae1900cd6916 | What did the studies reveal about men and their declared sexual preference? | men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may not apply similarly to men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have pat... |
571025e8a58dae1900cd6924 | What does research show about sexual orientation? | is independent of cultural and other social influences | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nResearch suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful ... |
571025e8a58dae1900cd6925 | What can being openly gay be hindered by? | homophobic/hetereosexist settings. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nResearch suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful ... |
571025e8a58dae1900cd6926 | What social systems can greatly influence someone realization of their sexual preference? | religion, language and ethnic traditions | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nResearch suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful ... |
571025e8a58dae1900cd6927 | What group of the LGBT community are the most researched? | white, middle-class, well-educated | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nResearch suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful ... |
571025e8a58dae1900cd6928 | What does the american culture put a large emphasis on? | individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nResearch suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by homophobic/hetereosexist settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful ... |
5710282db654c5140001f87f | What is a common way to determine a persons sexuality? | according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated) | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inf... |
5710282db654c5140001f880 | When deteerming sexual preference this way what is the passive role associated with? | femininity and/or inferiority | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inf... |
5710282db654c5140001f881 | When determining sexual preference this way what is the active role associated with? | masculinity and/or superiority | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inf... |
5710282db654c5140001f882 | How much is known about lesbians and bisexual women in these cultures? | Little | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inf... |
57102bb6b654c5140001f887 | What do researchers generally believe causes sexual orientation? | a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThough researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biol... |
57102bb6b654c5140001f888 | What biological factors do they believe plays a complicated part in sexual orientation? | a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThough researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biol... |
57102bb6b654c5140001f889 | What do they believe about sexual orientation? | not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThough researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biol... |
57102bb6b654c5140001f88a | What differences hace scientist found in certain studies? | statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThough researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biol... |
57102bb6b654c5140001f88b | What can these results be caused from? | the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThough researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biol... |
57102d7aa58dae1900cd6942 | What concept is sexual orientation argued as? | a concept that evolved in the industrialized West | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSexual orientation is argued as a concept that evolved in the industrialized West, and there is a controversy as to the universality of its application in other societies or cultures. Non-westernized concepts of male sexuality differ essentially from the way sexuality is seen and classified u... |
57102d7aa58dae1900cd6943 | What is causing contreversy as to the concept of sexual orientation? | the universality of its application in other societies or cultures | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSexual orientation is argued as a concept that evolved in the industrialized West, and there is a controversy as to the universality of its application in other societies or cultures. Non-westernized concepts of male sexuality differ essentially from the way sexuality is seen and classified u... |
57102d7aa58dae1900cd6944 | What is the notion of sexual orientation in west defined as? | as a biological phenomenon rather than a social construction specific to a region and period | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSexual orientation is argued as a concept that evolved in the industrialized West, and there is a controversy as to the universality of its application in other societies or cultures. Non-westernized concepts of male sexuality differ essentially from the way sexuality is seen and classified u... |
57102e9eb654c5140001f891 | What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as? | confusing and degrading | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels \"heterosexual\" and \"homosexual\" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, \"...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to... |
57102e9eb654c5140001f892 | What does Bruce Bagemilh write about the labels homosexual and heterosexual terms? | . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels \"heterosexual\" and \"homosexual\" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, \"...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to... |
57102e9eb654c5140001f893 | What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is? | it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma. | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nSome researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels \"heterosexual\" and \"homosexual\" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, \"...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to... |
57102f4eb654c5140001f897 | What can impact accurately assesing sexual identity? | sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOften, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with... |
57102f4eb654c5140001f898 | What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation? | sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOften, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with... |
57102f4eb654c5140001f899 | What does the American Psychological Assocation distinguish between? | sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life). | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nOften, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with... |
57103069a58dae1900cd6948 | What does the FBO effect stand for? | fraternal birth order | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nKnown as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immu... |
57103069a58dae1900cd6949 | What does this theory entail? | prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nKnown as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immu... |
57103069a58dae1900cd694a | What does research show about the FBO effect? | this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy, | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nKnown as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immu... |
57103069a58dae1900cd694b | What does MIH stand for? | maternal immunization hypothesis | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nKnown as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immu... |
57103069a58dae1900cd694c | What does BBB stand for? | blood/brain barrier | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nKnown as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immu... |
57103103b654c5140001f89d | What other name does the KInsey scale go by? | Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The scale was developed to combat the as... |
57103103b654c5140001f89e | When was the KInsey scale first published? | 1948 | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The scale was developed to combat the as... |
57103103b654c5140001f89f | Why was the KInsey scale developed? | to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual | [
"Sexual_orientation\n\nThe Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The scale was developed to combat the as... |
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