Split (2)

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id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
5726e512f1498d1400e8ef16	What writer's entry in "The English Journal" was concerned with young adult fiction?	D. Mitchell	[ "Literature\n\nLiterature allows readers to access intimate emotional aspects of a person’s character that would not be obvious otherwise. It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader. For example, it allows a person to access emotional states from which the person has distanced himself...
5726e512f1498d1400e8ef17	Why did this author embrace young adult literature as a grownup?	to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child	[ "Literature\n\nLiterature allows readers to access intimate emotional aspects of a person’s character that would not be obvious otherwise. It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader. For example, it allows a person to access emotional states from which the person has distanced himself...
5726e512f1498d1400e8ef18	How did the writer refer to this psychological state experienced as a youth?	“wonder”	[ "Literature\n\nLiterature allows readers to access intimate emotional aspects of a person’s character that would not be obvious otherwise. It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader. For example, it allows a person to access emotional states from which the person has distanced himself...
5726e7725951b619008f81ed	How does literature unite members of a society?	by provoking universal emotions	[ "Literature\n\nHogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by p...
5726e7725951b619008f81ee	How does literature expand the horizons of its readers?	allows readers to access cultural aspects that they are not exposed to	[ "Literature\n\nHogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by p...
5726e7725951b619008f81ef	What determines what literary structure a literary author uses for expression of ideas?	what psychological emotion he or she is attempting to describe	[ "Literature\n\nHogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by p...
5726e7725951b619008f81f0	What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion?	literary devices	[ "Literature\n\nHogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by p...
5726ea42708984140094d5c1	Who conceived of "The Third Force Psychology Theory?"	Maslow	[ "Literature\n\nMaslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The the...
5726ea42708984140094d5c2	The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what?	a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self”	[ "Literature\n\nMaslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The the...
5726ea42708984140094d5c3	The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what?	the reason for living	[ "Literature\n\nMaslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The the...
5726ea42708984140094d5c4	What causes a person to become separated from their "true self"?	neurological development	[ "Literature\n\nMaslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The the...
5726ea42708984140094d5c5	What author espoused the theory of the "pristine unconscious?"	D.H Lawrence	[ "Literature\n\nMaslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The the...
5726ebab708984140094d5fd	What is literary historical writing sometimes called?	creative nonfiction	[ "Literature\n\nA significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or con...
5726ebab708984140094d5fe	Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what?	literary journalism	[ "Literature\n\nA significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or con...
5726ebab708984140094d5ff	What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation?	to record data or convey immediate information	[ "Literature\n\nA significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or con...
5726ebab708984140094d600	Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians?	Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius	[ "Literature\n\nA significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or con...
5726ecae708984140094d63b	What Babylonian ruler created formal law tables?	Hammurabi	[ "Literature\n\nLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputa...
5726ecae708984140094d63c	What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature?	the Bible	[ "Literature\n\nLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputa...
5726ecae708984140094d63d	Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group?	the Corpus Juris Civilis	[ "Literature\n\nLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputa...
5726ecae708984140094d63e	Under what Emperor did this group sit?	Justinian I	[ "Literature\n\nLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputa...
5726ecae708984140094d63f	What empire did Justinian preside over?	the Byzantine Empire	[ "Literature\n\nLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputa...
5726ef205951b619008f82bd	Literary devices are employed for what reason?	produce specific effects	[ "Literature\n\nA literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another pers...
5726ef205951b619008f82be	What is one form of narration in literature?	first-person	[ "Literature\n\nA literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another pers...
5726ef205951b619008f82bf	What are two types of narrative structure in literature?	linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative	[ "Literature\n\nA literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another pers...
5726ef205951b619008f82c0	Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?	to surprise the reader	[ "Literature\n\nA literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another pers...
5726ef205951b619008f82c1	In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?	a conventional murder-mystery novel	[ "Literature\n\nA literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another pers...
5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e856	What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work?	the Islamic Golden Age	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented,...
5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e857	What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age?	Persian	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented,...
5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e858	What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?	the Kindi school	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented,...
5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e859	What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development?	the Buyid dynasty	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented,...
5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e85a	What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?	Baghdad	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented,...
5726b81fdd62a815002e8e04	What was one subject that Avicenna further developed?	theology	[ "Avicenna\n\nThe study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the...
5726b81fdd62a815002e8e05	Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Golden Age?	Al-Farabi	[ "Avicenna\n\nThe study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the...
5726b81fdd62a815002e8e06	What is the name of one library that Avicenna had access to?	Hamadan	[ "Avicenna\n\nThe study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the...
5726b81fdd62a815002e8e07	Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?	Al-Biruni	[ "Avicenna\n\nThe study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the...
5726b81fdd62a815002e8e08	What text was proof that Avicenna debated philosophy with some of the greatest scholars of the time?	the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar	[ "Avicenna\n\nThe study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the...
5726ba3f708984140094cf61	What present-day country was Avicenna born in?	Uzbekistan	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town o...
5726ba3f708984140094cf62	What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near?	Bukhara	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town o...
5726ba3f708984140094cf63	What present-day country is Avicenna's father thought to have come from?	Afghanistan	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town o...
5726ba3f708984140094cf64	What was Avicenna's mother's name?	Setareh	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town o...
5726ba3f708984140094cf65	By what age had Avicenna learned the entire Quran?	ten	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town o...
5726bc7cf1498d1400e8e988	What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?	the Brethren of Purity	[ "Avicenna\n\nA number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. ...
5726bc7cf1498d1400e8e989	Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?	Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī	[ "Avicenna\n\nA number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. ...
5726bc7cf1498d1400e8e98a	What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of?	Sunni	[ "Avicenna\n\nA number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. ...
5726bc7cf1498d1400e8e98b	Who thought Avicenna was a Shia?	Nurullah Shushtari	[ "Avicenna\n\nA number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. ...
5726bc7cf1498d1400e8e98c	What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?	Jules J. Janssens	[ "Avicenna\n\nA number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. ...
5726bdcf708984140094cfef	What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 10?	Quran	[ "Avicenna\n\nAccording to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh ...
5726bdcf708984140094cff0	Who did Avicenna learn Indian arithmetic from?	ءMahmoud Massahi	[ "Avicenna\n\nAccording to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh ...
5726bdcf708984140094cff1	What did Avicenna learn from the Sunni scholar Ismail al-Zahid?	Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)	[ "Avicenna\n\nAccording to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh ...
5726bdcf708984140094cff2	What was one philosophy book that Avicenna was taught from?	Euclid's Elements	[ "Avicenna\n\nAccording to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh ...
5726bdcf708984140094cff3	What unpopular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from?	Abu Abdullah Nateli	[ "Avicenna\n\nAccording to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh ...
5726bf32708984140094d02f	What text could Avicenna not understand?	the Metaphysics of Aristotle	[ "Avicenna\n\nAs a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his ...
5726bf32708984140094d030	What helped Avicenna understand the Metaphysics of Aristotle?	al-Farabi's commentary	[ "Avicenna\n\nAs a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his ...
5726bf32708984140094d031	How long did Avicenna study philosophy?	year and a half	[ "Avicenna\n\nAs a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his ...
5726bf32708984140094d032	How many times did Avicenna read through the Metaphysics of Aristotle?	Forty times	[ "Avicenna\n\nAs a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his ...
5726bf32708984140094d033	How much did Avicenna pay for the book that helped him understand the Aristotle text?	three dirhams	[ "Avicenna\n\nAs a teenager, he was greatly troubled by the Metaphysics of Aristotle, which he could not understand until he read al-Farabi's commentary on the work. For the next year and a half, he studied philosophy, in which he encountered greater obstacles. In such moments of baffled inquiry, he would leave his ...
5726bff8708984140094d06b	At what age did Avicenna turn to away from philosophy?	16	[ "Avicenna\n\nHe turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18, and found that \"Medicine is no hard and thorny s...
5726bff8708984140094d06c	What subject did Avicenna start studying at 16?	medicine	[ "Avicenna\n\nHe turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18, and found that \"Medicine is no hard and thorny s...
5726bff8708984140094d06d	Avicenna became a qualified physician at what age?	18	[ "Avicenna\n\nHe turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18, and found that \"Medicine is no hard and thorny s...
5726bff8708984140094d06e	Avicenna found medicine to be much easier than what subject?	mathematics	[ "Avicenna\n\nHe turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18, and found that \"Medicine is no hard and thorny s...
5726c11ef1498d1400e8ea44	Who was Ibn Sina's first appontment?	the emir, Nuh II	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by f...
5726c11ef1498d1400e8ea45	What did Ibn Sina receive as payment for helping the emir?	access to the royal library of the Samanids	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by f...
5726c11ef1498d1400e8ea46	Why did some accuse Ibn Sina of burning down the royal library?	to conceal the sources of his knowledge	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by f...
5726c11ef1498d1400e8ea47	Who did Ibn Sina assist in his financial labors?	his father	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by f...
5726c11ef1498d1400e8ea48	What year did the emir Null II recover from his illness?	997	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by f...
5726c248f1498d1400e8ea72	At what age did Avicenna lose his father?	22	[ "Avicenna\n\nWhen Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small month...
5726c248f1498d1400e8ea73	What dynasty ended in December 1004?	The Samanid dynasty	[ "Avicenna\n\nWhen Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small month...
5726c248f1498d1400e8ea74	What modern country did Ibn Sina travel to after the end of the Samanid dynasty?	Turkmenistan	[ "Avicenna\n\nWhen Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small month...
5726c248f1498d1400e8ea75	What is one district that Ibn Sina traveled through in search of more work?	Nishapur	[ "Avicenna\n\nWhen Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small month...
5726c248f1498d1400e8ea76	Who did Ibn Sina turn down in order to travel westwards after the Samanid dynasty ended?	Mahmud of Ghazni	[ "Avicenna\n\nWhen Ibn Sina was 22 years old, he lost his father. The Samanid dynasty came to its end in December 1004. Ibn Sina seems to have declined the offers of Mahmud of Ghazni, and proceeded westwards to Urgench in modern Turkmenistan, where the vizier, regarded as a friend of scholars, gave him a small month...
5726c716dd62a815002e8ffe	What city did Ibn Sina settle in?	Rey	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Cons...
5726c716dd62a815002e8fff	What modern city of today was Rey in the vicinity of?	Tehran	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Cons...
5726c717dd62a815002e9000	How many of Ibn Sina's shorter works were said to have been created in Rey?	thirty	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Cons...
5726c717dd62a815002e9001	Ibn Sina left Rey and moved southwards to what city?	Hamadãn	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Cons...
5726c717dd62a815002e9002	What office did Ibn Sina receive in Hamadan?	office of vizier	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sina subsequently settled at Rey, in the vicinity of modern Tehran, the home town of Rhazes; where Majd Addaula, a son of the last Buwayhid emir, was nominal ruler under the regency of his mother (Seyyedeh Khatun). About thirty of Ibn Sina's shorter works are said to have been composed in Rey. Cons...
5726c8445951b619008f7df1	Where did Ibn Sina hope to flee to after Hamadan?	city of Isfahan	[ "Avicenna\n\nMeanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadã...
5726c8445951b619008f7df2	What two cities were at war during this time?	Isfahan and Hamadãn	[ "Avicenna\n\nMeanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadã...
5726c8445951b619008f7df3	What year did Isfahan gain victory over Hamadan?	1024	[ "Avicenna\n\nMeanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadã...
5726c8445951b619008f7df4	What mercenaries were expelled after Isfahan's victory over Hamadan?	the Tajik	[ "Avicenna\n\nMeanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadã...
5726c8445951b619008f7df5	How did Ibn Sina escape from Hamadan?	in the dress of a Sufi ascetic	[ "Avicenna\n\nMeanwhile, he had written to Abu Ya'far, the prefect of the dynamic city of Isfahan, offering his services. The new emir of Hamadan, hearing of this correspondence and discovering where Ibn Sina was hiding, incarcerated him in a fortress. War meanwhile continued between the rulers of Isfahan and Hamadã...
5726cd215951b619008f7e73	In what language was most of Ibn Sina's works written in?	Arabic	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance e...
5726cd215951b619008f7e74	What is one subject that Ibn SIna specialized in?	ethics	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance e...
5726cd215951b619008f7e75	Ibn Sina also wrote some of his works in what other language?	Persian	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance e...
5726cd215951b619008f7e76	What famous philosopher did Ibn Sina criticize heavily?	Aristotle	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance e...
5726cd215951b619008f7e77	What is one of the subjects of a treatise by Ibn Sina?	Metaphysics	[ "Avicenna\n\nIbn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance e...
5726ce2fdd62a815002e90da	Ibn Sina's Book of Healing was partially available in what language?	Latin	[ "Avicenna\n\nHis Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a \"Latin Avicennism\" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the...
5726ce2fdd62a815002e90db	How many years did it take for Ibn Sina's Book of Healing to be available in Latin?	fifty	[ "Avicenna\n\nHis Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a \"Latin Avicennism\" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the...
5726ce2fdd62a815002e90dc	On what continent was the Book of Healing finally available fifty years after its composition?	Europe	[ "Avicenna\n\nHis Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a \"Latin Avicennism\" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the...
5726ce2fdd62a815002e90dd	What was the title of Ibn Sina's Book of Healing?	Sufficientia	[ "Avicenna\n\nHis Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a \"Latin Avicennism\" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the...
5726ce2fdd62a815002e90de	Who did Avicenna's metaphysics works have an influence on?	Thomas Aquinas	[ "Avicenna\n\nHis Book of Healing became available in Europe in partial Latin translation some fifty years after its composition, under the title Sufficientia, and some authors have identified a \"Latin Avicennism\" as flourishing for some time, paralleling the more influential Latin Averroism, but suppressed by the...
5726cf40dd62a815002e90f6	What does Islamic philosophy more clearly explain than Aristotelianism?	essence and existence	[ "Avicenna\n\nEarly Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philoso...
5726cf40dd62a815002e90f7	Who does Ibn Sina's philosophy owe much to?	al-Farabi	[ "Avicenna\n\nEarly Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philoso...
5726cf40dd62a815002e90f8	What is early Islamic metaphysics imbued with?	Islamic theology	[ "Avicenna\n\nEarly Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philoso...
5726d382708984140094d28d	What did Avicenna start an inquiry into?	the question of being	[ "Avicenna\n\nFollowing al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and...
5726d382708984140094d28e	What two points did he write about?	essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud)	[ "Avicenna\n\nFollowing al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and...
5726d382708984140094d28f	Who also began an inquiry into the question of being?	al-Farabi	[ "Avicenna\n\nFollowing al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and...
5726d382708984140094d290	What is the Arabic term for existence?	Wujud	[ "Avicenna\n\nFollowing al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and...
5726d382708984140094d291	Mahiat is Arabic for what?	essence	[ "Avicenna\n\nFollowing al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and...
5726d521f1498d1400e8ec8a	What is one modality of being that Avicenna analyzed?	necessity	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin b...
5726d521f1498d1400e8ec8b	According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause?	contingency-in-itself	[ "Avicenna\n\nAvicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin b...

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