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5727a11cff5b5019007d9155 | Who is the president of the regional counsel? | Philippe Richert | [
"Alsace\n\nAlsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the secon... |
5727a11cff5b5019007d9156 | Alsace was one of the few to vote for this measure from France, what was it? | European Constitution in 2005 | [
"Alsace\n\nAlsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the secon... |
5727a226ff5b5019007d916a | Which group or religion dominates the Aslatian population? | Roman Catholic | [
"Alsace\n\nMost of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller C... |
5727a226ff5b5019007d916b | Which other large religion also exist in Alsace due to the once German presence? | Protestant | [
"Alsace\n\nMost of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller C... |
5727a226ff5b5019007d916c | What is the name of the Union created by France's second largest Protestant church? | UEPAL | [
"Alsace\n\nMost of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller C... |
5727a3e23acd2414000de8a7 | What were landowners also known as that had a right to decide which religion was allowed on their property? | local lords | [
"Alsace\n\nFollowing the Protestant Reformation, promoted by local reformer Martin Bucer, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as \"local lords\" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land... |
5727a3e23acd2414000de8a8 | Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace? | Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists | [
"Alsace\n\nFollowing the Protestant Reformation, promoted by local reformer Martin Bucer, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as \"local lords\" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land... |
5727a3e23acd2414000de8a9 | Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace? | Amish | [
"Alsace\n\nFollowing the Protestant Reformation, promoted by local reformer Martin Bucer, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as \"local lords\" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land... |
5727a539ff5b5019007d91da | What is the name of the historical flag of Alsace? | Rot-un-Wiss | [
"Alsace\n\nThere is controversy around the recognition of the Alsacian flag. The authentic historical flag is the Rot-un-Wiss ; Red and White are commonly found on the coat of arms of Alsacian cities (Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Sélestat...) and of many Swiss cites, especially in Basel's region. The German region Hesse u... |
5727a539ff5b5019007d91db | What was the German flag that was similar to the Rot-un-Wiss replaced by? | Union jack-like" flag | [
"Alsace\n\nThere is controversy around the recognition of the Alsacian flag. The authentic historical flag is the Rot-un-Wiss ; Red and White are commonly found on the coat of arms of Alsacian cities (Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Sélestat...) and of many Swiss cites, especially in Basel's region. The German region Hesse u... |
5727a539ff5b5019007d91dc | What does the "Union jack-like" flag represent? | the union of the two déprtements | [
"Alsace\n\nThere is controversy around the recognition of the Alsacian flag. The authentic historical flag is the Rot-un-Wiss ; Red and White are commonly found on the coat of arms of Alsacian cities (Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Sélestat...) and of many Swiss cites, especially in Basel's region. The German region Hesse u... |
5727a539ff5b5019007d91dd | Which French city did not recognize the Rot-un-Wiss flag? | Paris | [
"Alsace\n\nThere is controversy around the recognition of the Alsacian flag. The authentic historical flag is the Rot-un-Wiss ; Red and White are commonly found on the coat of arms of Alsacian cities (Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Sélestat...) and of many Swiss cites, especially in Basel's region. The German region Hesse u... |
5727a5fe4b864d1900163964 | Around when did the Annexation of Alsace occur? | 17th century | [
"Alsace\n\nFrom the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never... |
5727a5fe4b864d1900163965 | With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace? | middle classes began to speak and write French | [
"Alsace\n\nFrom the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never... |
5727a5fe4b864d1900163966 | What is now the German dialects of speech now referred as to? | standard German | [
"Alsace\n\nFrom the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never... |
5727a7132ca10214002d92ee | Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur? | 1940–1945 | [
"Alsace\n\nDuring a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools ... |
5727a7132ca10214002d92ef | What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation? | names were Germanized. | [
"Alsace\n\nDuring a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools ... |
5727a7132ca10214002d92f0 | When did the suspension of German teaching in schools happen? | 1927 | [
"Alsace\n\nDuring a reannexation by Germany (1940–1945), High German was reinstated as the language of education. The population was forced to speak German and 'French' family names were Germanized. Following the Second World War, the 1927 regulation was not reinstated and the teaching of German in primary schools ... |
5727a82f4b864d19001639a8 | What was the name of the Memorandum that allowed German teaching in Alsace schools to become more official? | Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace | [
"Alsace\n\nIt was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more off... |
5727a82f4b864d19001639a9 | What is the name of the memorandum that past on June 21, 1982? | Circulaire Savary | [
"Alsace\n\nIt was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more off... |
5727a82f4b864d19001639aa | What did the Circulair Savary introduce? | introduced financial support, over three years, for the teaching of regional languages in schools and universities | [
"Alsace\n\nIt was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more off... |
5727a9562ca10214002d9318 | Which two dialects were banned from public life? | Alsatian and Standard German | [
"Alsace\n\nBoth Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few y... |
5727a9562ca10214002d9319 | What did the banning of the two dialects include? | street and city names, official administration, and educational system | [
"Alsace\n\nBoth Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few y... |
5727a9562ca10214002d931a | Although Aslation is rarely used today, which region still uses their mother language of Aslation? | Sundgau region | [
"Alsace\n\nBoth Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few y... |
5727a9562ca10214002d931b | What other language besides French and German are part of the Aslation-French dialect of today? | Yiddish | [
"Alsace\n\nBoth Alsatian and Standard German were for a time banned from public life (including street and city names, official administration, and educational system). Though the ban has long been lifted and street signs today are often bilingual, Alsace-Lorraine is today very French in language and culture. Few y... |
5727aa682ca10214002d9338 | What does the French constitution state for the language in Aslace? | French alone is the official language | [
"Alsace\n\nThe constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsa... |
5727aa682ca10214002d9339 | How many adult speakers speak Alsatian according the 1999 INSEE survey? | 548,000 | [
"Alsace\n\nThe constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsa... |
5727aa682ca10214002d933a | With Alsatian language on the decline, what is the ration of children using the language regularly today? | one in ten children | [
"Alsace\n\nThe constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsa... |
5727ab472ca10214002d9348 | In Alsatian, what does Sauerkraut mean? | sour cabbage | [
"Alsace\n\nThe gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means \"sour cabbage\" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French lang... |
5727ab472ca10214002d9349 | What can Sauerkraut be served with? | poultry, pork, sausage or even fish | [
"Alsace\n\nThe gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means \"sour cabbage\" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French lang... |
5727ab472ca10214002d934a | What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace? | Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages | [
"Alsace\n\nThe gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means \"sour cabbage\" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French lang... |
5727acde3acd2414000de95d | What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English? | a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction | [
"Alsace\n\n\"Alsatia\", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of \"a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction\" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketpl... |
5727acde3acd2414000de95e | What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century? | ramshackle marketplace | [
"Alsace\n\n\"Alsatia\", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of \"a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction\" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketpl... |
5727acde3acd2414000de95f | Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007? | English and Australian | [
"Alsace\n\n\"Alsatia\", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of \"a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction\" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketpl... |
5727ae744b864d1900163a42 | What is currently being planed west of Strasbourg? | new dual carriageway | [
"Alsace\n\nAt present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the no... |
5727ae744b864d1900163a43 | What would the use of a new carriageway do in Alsace? | reduce the buildup of traffic in that area | [
"Alsace\n\nAt present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the no... |
5727ae744b864d1900163a44 | What is the name the German Highway that would of been crossed with the French Truck road? | Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn | [
"Alsace\n\nAt present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the no... |
5727ae744b864d1900163a45 | The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections? | Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest | [
"Alsace\n\nAt present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the no... |
57275858f1498d1400e8f6a4 | What's the name of the Christian festive season that occurs before the season of Lent? | Carnival | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/... |
57275858f1498d1400e8f6a5 | When do the main events of the Christian festival occur? | February | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/... |
57275858f1498d1400e8f6a6 | Who is the Carnival open to? | public | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/... |
57275858f1498d1400e8f6a7 | What do participants of the Carnival experience a heightened sense of? | social unity | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/... |
57275858f1498d1400e8f6a8 | What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent? | alcohol | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival (see other spellings and names) is a Christian festive season that occurs before the Christian season of Lent. The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent). Carnival typically involves a public celebration and/... |
5727594add62a815002e9b82 | The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect? | Catholic | [
"Carnival\n\nThe term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran coun... |
5727594add62a815002e9b83 | What country no longer celebrates Carnival? | the Philippines | [
"Carnival\n\nThe term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran coun... |
5727594add62a815002e9b84 | The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year? | 1939 | [
"Carnival\n\nThe term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran coun... |
5727594add62a815002e9b85 | What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran? | Fastelavn | [
"Carnival\n\nThe term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran coun... |
5727594add62a815002e9b86 | What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent? | Maslenitsa | [
"Carnival\n\nThe term Carnival is traditionally used in areas with a large Catholic presence. However, the Philippines, a predominantly Roman Catholic country, does not celebrate Carnival anymore since the dissolution of the Manila Carnival after 1939, the last carnival in the country. In historically Lutheran coun... |
57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9c | Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well? | food shortage at the end of the winter | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat ... |
57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9d | What was one limited to during the winter? | the minimum necessary | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat ... |
57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9e | What does "vastenavond" mean? | the days before fasting) | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat ... |
57275a2bdd62a815002e9b9f | Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten? | it would soon start to rot and decay | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat ... |
57275a2bdd62a815002e9ba0 | When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter? | spring | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat ... |
57275b6edd62a815002e9ba6 | What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate? | the returning of the daylight | [
"Carnival\n\nSeveral Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess ... |
57275b6edd62a815002e9ba7 | How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee? | on wheels | [
"Carnival\n\nSeveral Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess ... |
57275b6edd62a815002e9ba8 | Why was the winter driven out? | to make sure that fertility could return in spring | [
"Carnival\n\nSeveral Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess ... |
57275b6edd62a815002e9ba9 | What is Nerthus the goddess of? | fertility | [
"Carnival\n\nSeveral Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess ... |
57275b6edd62a815002e9baa | How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual? | be consummated | [
"Carnival\n\nSeveral Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess ... |
57275d775951b619008f88cd | Who wrote the Germania? | Tacitus | [
"Carnival\n\nTacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – \"The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to like... |
57275d775951b619008f88ce | What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within? | walls | [
"Carnival\n\nTacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – \"The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to like... |
57275d775951b619008f88cf | Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance? | human | [
"Carnival\n\nTacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – \"The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to like... |
57275d775951b619008f88d0 | When is the car used in the ritual purified? | Afterwards | [
"Carnival\n\nTacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – \"The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to like... |
57275d775951b619008f88d1 | Where is the divinity herself purified? | a secret lake | [
"Carnival\n\nTacitus wrote in his Germania: Germania 9.6: Ceterum nec cohibere parietibus deos neque in ullam humani oris speciem adsimulare ex magnitudine caelestium arbitrator – \"The Germans, however, do not consider it consistent with the grandeur of celestial beings to confine the gods within walls, or to like... |
57275eab5951b619008f88df | What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period? | sexual | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lent... |
57275eab5951b619008f88e0 | All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event? | Lent | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lent... |
57275eab5951b619008f88e1 | The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity? | Carnival | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lent... |
57275eab5951b619008f88e2 | How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar? | six weeks | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lent... |
57275eab5951b619008f88e3 | What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent? | meat, dairy, fat and sugar | [
"Carnival\n\nTraditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lent... |
57276074f1498d1400e8f718 | What was one of the festivals sanctioned by the church? | corpus christi | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Ch... |
57276074f1498d1400e8f719 | Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture? | European | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Ch... |
57276074f1498d1400e8f71a | How many days is Jesus traditionally said to have fasted in the desert? | 40 | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Ch... |
57276074f1498d1400e8f71b | What pagan midwinter festival did the church find easier to subvert than eliminate? | Christmas | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Ch... |
57276074f1498d1400e8f71c | Why were multiple holidays seized by the Catholic population? | outlet for their daily frustrations | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile christian festivals such as corpus christi were church-sanctioned celebrations, Carnival was also a manifestation of European folk culture. In the Christian tradition the fasting is to commemorate the 40 days that Jesus fasted in the desert according to the New Testament and also to reflect on Ch... |
5727617f708984140094dcbd | In what year did the synod in Leptines rant against the excesses of the festival? | 743 | [
"Carnival\n\nIn the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: \"Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a... |
5727617f708984140094dcbe | In what month did the excesses occur? | February | [
"Carnival\n\nIn the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: \"Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a... |
5727617f708984140094dcbf | What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period? | Confession | [
"Carnival\n\nIn the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: \"Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a... |
5727617f708984140094dcc0 | What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as? | an animal or old woman | [
"Carnival\n\nIn the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: \"Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a... |
5727617f708984140094dcc1 | What would some people in Spain go out disguised as? | the opposite gender | [
"Carnival\n\nIn the year 743 the synod in Leptines (Leptines is located near Binche in Belgium) spoke out furiously against the excesses in the month of February. Also from the same period dates the phrase: \"Whoever in February by a variety of less honorable acts tries to drive out winter is not a Christian, but a... |
5727645a5951b619008f8947 | Many Carnival traditions form an integral part of whose calendar? | Christian | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may b... |
5727645a5951b619008f8948 | What two ancient Roman festivals is Carnival thought to stem from? | Saturnalia and Bacchanalia | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may b... |
5727645a5951b619008f8949 | The Saturnalia is potentially based on what Greek festival? | Dionysia | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may b... |
5727645a5951b619008f894a | On which month and day did Saturnalia start? | December 17 | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may b... |
5727645a5951b619008f894b | What happened to the men and women chosen to represent the Lord of Misrule? | horribly murdered | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may b... |
57276669f1498d1400e8f76e | What is insufficient to establish a direct origin from ancient festivals to Carnival? | evidence | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian–Alemannic ... |
57276669f1498d1400e8f76f | What festival did no complete accounts describing survive? | Saturnalia | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian–Alemannic ... |
57276669f1498d1400e8f770 | How do both Jesus and King Carnival make a gift to the people? | with their deaths | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian–Alemannic ... |
57276669f1498d1400e8f771 | What is the gift of King Carnival? | acknowledgement that death is a necessary part of the cycle of life | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian–Alemannic ... |
57276669f1498d1400e8f772 | Who was forced to race naked through the streets of Rom by Pope Paul II? | Jews | [
"Carnival\n\nWhile medieval pageants and festivals such as Corpus Christi were church-sanctioned, Carnival was also a manifestation of medieval folk culture. Many local Carnival customs are claimed to derive from local pre-Christian rituals, such as elaborate rites involving masked figures in the Swabian–Alemannic ... |
572767ee5951b619008f897b | Where were some of the best-known traditions first recorded? | Italy | [
"Carnival\n\nSome of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival tradi... |
572767ee5951b619008f897c | What city's carnival was the most famous for a long time? | Venice | [
"Carnival\n\nSome of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival tradi... |
572767ee5951b619008f897d | What was the first place in North America with a Carnival tradition? | New France | [
"Carnival\n\nSome of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival tradi... |
572767ee5951b619008f897e | What were rabbis from the ghettos forced to march through the city streets wearing? | foolish guise | [
"Carnival\n\nSome of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival tradi... |
572767ee5951b619008f897f | Who dismissed the petition of the Jewish community to stop the abuse of them? | Pope Gregory XVI | [
"Carnival\n\nSome of the best-known traditions, including carnal parades and masquerade balls, were first recorded in medieval Italy. The carnival of Venice was, for a long time, the most famous carnival (although Napoleon abolished it in 1797 and only in 1979 was the tradition restored). From Italy, Carnival tradi... |
572768c8dd62a815002e9c62 | What nationality were the settlers from who introduced Carnival? | Portuguese | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival was introduced by Portuguese settlers. The celebration is celebrated on each of the archipelago's nine inhabited islands. In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize. It has imported various Brazilian carnival traditions. The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditi... |
572768c8dd62a815002e9c63 | How many of the inhabited islands is Carnival celebrated on? | nine | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival was introduced by Portuguese settlers. The celebration is celebrated on each of the archipelago's nine inhabited islands. In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize. It has imported various Brazilian carnival traditions. The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditi... |
572768c8dd62a815002e9c64 | What do groups in Mindelo challenge each other for? | a yearly prize | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival was introduced by Portuguese settlers. The celebration is celebrated on each of the archipelago's nine inhabited islands. In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize. It has imported various Brazilian carnival traditions. The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditi... |
572768c8dd62a815002e9c65 | Three groups in São Nicolau make use of fire in the construction of what conveyance? | a painted float | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival was introduced by Portuguese settlers. The celebration is celebrated on each of the archipelago's nine inhabited islands. In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize. It has imported various Brazilian carnival traditions. The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditi... |
572768c8dd62a815002e9c66 | Over how many days is São Nicolau's Carnival celebrated? | three | [
"Carnival\n\nCarnival was introduced by Portuguese settlers. The celebration is celebrated on each of the archipelago's nine inhabited islands. In Mindelo, São Vicente groups challenge each other for a yearly prize. It has imported various Brazilian carnival traditions. The celebration in SãoNicolau is more traditi... |
57276a08f1498d1400e8f79e | What is the only state in India in which Carnival is celebrated? | Goa | [
"Carnival\n\nIn India, Carnival is celebrated only in the state of Goa and a Roman Catholic tradition, where it is known as Intruz which means swindler while Entrudo, the appropriate word in Portuguese for Carnival. The largest celebration takes place in the city of Panjim which was part of Velha Conquista, Goa, bu... |
57276a08f1498d1400e8f79f | What does the Indian word "Intruz" mean? | swindler | [
"Carnival\n\nIn India, Carnival is celebrated only in the state of Goa and a Roman Catholic tradition, where it is known as Intruz which means swindler while Entrudo, the appropriate word in Portuguese for Carnival. The largest celebration takes place in the city of Panjim which was part of Velha Conquista, Goa, bu... |
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