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572783acdd62a815002e9f4b | What year was hazardous working conditions limited to children in Brazil? | 1998 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed du... |
572783acdd62a815002e9f4c | Is there underage children working in Brazil? | there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed du... |
572783acdd62a815002e9f4d | In the 80's how many children were working illegally in Brazil? | almost nine million | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed du... |
572785c8dd62a815002e9f6c | In 1999 how many children were working illegally in Brazil? | 2.55 million | [
"Child_labour\n\nBrazilian census data (PNAD, 1999) indicate that 2.55 million 10-14 year-olds were illegally holding jobs. They were joined by 3.7 million 15-17 year-olds and about 375,000 5-9 year-olds. Due to the raised age restriction of 14, at least half of the recorded young workers had been employed illegall... |
572785c8dd62a815002e9f6d | What do drug cartels do with child workers? | sell and carry drugs, guns, and other illegal substances | [
"Child_labour\n\nBrazilian census data (PNAD, 1999) indicate that 2.55 million 10-14 year-olds were illegally holding jobs. They were joined by 3.7 million 15-17 year-olds and about 375,000 5-9 year-olds. Due to the raised age restriction of 14, at least half of the recorded young workers had been employed illegall... |
572785c8dd62a815002e9f6e | What are the risks of child labour in drug cartels? | physical and psychological implications | [
"Child_labour\n\nBrazilian census data (PNAD, 1999) indicate that 2.55 million 10-14 year-olds were illegally holding jobs. They were joined by 3.7 million 15-17 year-olds and about 375,000 5-9 year-olds. Due to the raised age restriction of 14, at least half of the recorded young workers had been employed illegall... |
572785c8dd62a815002e9f6f | Has these dangers caused and increase or decrease in child labour with drug cartels? | an increase | [
"Child_labour\n\nBrazilian census data (PNAD, 1999) indicate that 2.55 million 10-14 year-olds were illegally holding jobs. They were joined by 3.7 million 15-17 year-olds and about 375,000 5-9 year-olds. Due to the raised age restriction of 14, at least half of the recorded young workers had been employed illegall... |
57278650708984140094dfed | If not forced why did children work? | to help feed and support the family | [
"Child_labour\n\nMany factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family... |
57278650708984140094dfee | What was the age of the majority of child workers in Britain? | between the ages of ten and fourteen | [
"Child_labour\n\nMany factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family... |
57278650708984140094dfef | Why was this age range important? | they were first helping to provide for their families; while also transitioning to save for their own future families | [
"Child_labour\n\nMany factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family... |
57278650708984140094dff0 | How were the work oppurtunies for parents during this time period? | poor | [
"Child_labour\n\nMany factors played a role in Britain’s long-term economic growth, such as the industrial revolution in the late 1700s and the prominent presence of child labour during the industrial age. Children who worked at an early age were often not forced; but did so because they needed to help their family... |
5727877df1498d1400e8fb06 | What type of support did child give to their families by working? | financially | [
"Child_labour\n\nBesides the obligation, many children had to help support their families financially; another factor that influenced child labour was the demographic changes that occurred in the eighteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, 20 percent of the population was made up of children between t... |
5727877df1498d1400e8fb07 | What type of factories saw an increased need for child labour? | cotton textiles | [
"Child_labour\n\nBesides the obligation, many children had to help support their families financially; another factor that influenced child labour was the demographic changes that occurred in the eighteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, 20 percent of the population was made up of children between t... |
5727877df1498d1400e8fb08 | Was there an increase or decrease in the field of agriculture? | large numbers of children working in the field of agriculture | [
"Child_labour\n\nBesides the obligation, many children had to help support their families financially; another factor that influenced child labour was the demographic changes that occurred in the eighteenth century. By the end of the eighteenth century, 20 percent of the population was made up of children between t... |
57278848dd62a815002e9faa | What became an issue for the working child? | illiteracy | [
"Child_labour\n\nWith such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not ... |
57278848dd62a815002e9fab | Was illiteracy a factor in changing the minds of parents of child labourers? | many parents developed a change of opinion | [
"Child_labour\n\nWith such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not ... |
57278848dd62a815002e9fac | What are the reasons that lead to a decline of child labour? | financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation | [
"Child_labour\n\nWith such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not ... |
57278a02f1498d1400e8fb48 | When was the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enacted? | 1966 | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start ... |
57278a02f1498d1400e8fb49 | What did this act due? | legally limited the minimum age for when children could start work at the age of 14 | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start ... |
57278a02f1498d1400e8fb4a | When were safe working environments legislation adopted for child labourers? | 1989 | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start ... |
57278a02f1498d1400e8fb4b | What did it help do to? | helped to reduce the exploitation of children | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start ... |
57278b525951b619008f8ced | When did the English East India Company defeat Siraj-ud-Daula? | 23 June 1757 | [
"Child_labour\n\nOn 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of child... |
57278b525951b619008f8cee | Who was the master of the east of India? | British | [
"Child_labour\n\nOn 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of child... |
57278b525951b619008f8cef | Why were many children employed? | increasing need of cheap labour | [
"Child_labour\n\nOn 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of child... |
57278b525951b619008f8cf0 | What was the primary reason for India children being employed? | lack knowledge of their basic rights | [
"Child_labour\n\nOn 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of child... |
57278b525951b619008f8cf1 | How did India child workers act? | they did not cause trouble or complain | [
"Child_labour\n\nOn 23 June 1757, the English East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daula, the Nawab of Bengal, in the Battle of Plassey. The British thus became masters of east India (Bengal, Bihar, Orissa) – a prosperous region with a flourishing agriculture, industry and trade. This led to a large amount of child... |
57278c04f1498d1400e8fb98 | How much of the world's child labour does India's workers contribute to? | one-fourth | [
"Child_labour\n\nA variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a... |
57278c04f1498d1400e8fb99 | How many Asian child workers are from India? | one-third | [
"Child_labour\n\nA variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a... |
57278c04f1498d1400e8fb9a | Did the India goverment take any actions against child labour? | extensive actions to reduce the number of children working, and to focus on the importance of facilitating the proper growth and development of children. | [
"Child_labour\n\nA variety of Indian social scientists as well as the Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) have done extensive research on the numeric figures of child labour found in India and determined that India contributes to one-third of Asia’s child labour and one-fourth of the world's child labour. Due to a... |
57278c79dd62a815002ea00c | When did the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act pass? | 1924 | [
"Child_labour\n\nInternational influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of childre... |
57278c79dd62a815002ea00d | What did the international acts do? | encouraged major changes to the workforce | [
"Child_labour\n\nInternational influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of childre... |
57278c79dd62a815002ea00e | What is the age limit now in India for child workers? | 14 | [
"Child_labour\n\nInternational influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of childre... |
57278c79dd62a815002ea00f | What child working conditions are they protected from? | hazardous conditions | [
"Child_labour\n\nInternational influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of childre... |
57278e045951b619008f8d6b | When were students used as workers? | 1950s | [
"Child_labour\n\nFrom the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of spe... |
57278e045951b619008f8d6c | For Russian student workers how many summer days were devoted to work? | 21 days | [
"Child_labour\n\nFrom the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of spe... |
57278e045951b619008f8d6d | Did they need parental consent? | this is only allowed as part of specialized occupational training and with the students' and parents' permission | [
"Child_labour\n\nFrom the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of spe... |
57278e045951b619008f8d6e | What year were students killed as part of a road cleanup project? | 2012 | [
"Child_labour\n\nFrom the 1950s on, the students were also used for unpaid work at schools, where they cleaned and performed repairs. This practice has continued in the Russian Federation, where up to 21 days of the summer holidays is sometimes set aside for school works. By law, this is only allowed as part of spe... |
572792e1708984140094e13f | What former Soviet Union continued child labour programs? | Uzbekistan | [
"Child_labour\n\nOut of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to c... |
572792e1708984140094e140 | What was the main source of income for Islam Karimov? | cotton harvesting | [
"Child_labour\n\nOut of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to c... |
572792e1708984140094e141 | Did they have daily quotas for cotton? | daily quotas of 20 to 60 kg of raw cotton | [
"Child_labour\n\nOut of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to c... |
572792e1708984140094e142 | What are the 2016 estimates for child labour in regards to cotton picking? | 2.7 million | [
"Child_labour\n\nOut of former Soviet Union republics Uzbekistan continued and expanded the program of child labour on industrial scale to increase profits on the main source of Islam Karimov's income, cotton harvesting. In September, when school normally starts, the classes are suspended and children are sent to c... |
5727934b708984140094e159 | What is Kaminfegerkinder? | chimney sweep children | [
"Child_labour\n\nAs in many other countries, child labour in Switzerland affected among the so-called Kaminfegerkinder (\"chimney sweep children\") and chidren working p.e. in spinning mills, factories and in agriculture in 19th-century Switzerland, but also to the 1960s so-called Verdingkinder (literally: \"contra... |
5727934b708984140094e15a | What types of child labour did Switzerland employ? | spinning mills, factories and in agriculture | [
"Child_labour\n\nAs in many other countries, child labour in Switzerland affected among the so-called Kaminfegerkinder (\"chimney sweep children\") and chidren working p.e. in spinning mills, factories and in agriculture in 19th-century Switzerland, but also to the 1960s so-called Verdingkinder (literally: \"contra... |
5727934b708984140094e15b | Where did the children go to work primarily in Switzerland? | poor farmers who needed cheap labour | [
"Child_labour\n\nAs in many other countries, child labour in Switzerland affected among the so-called Kaminfegerkinder (\"chimney sweep children\") and chidren working p.e. in spinning mills, factories and in agriculture in 19th-century Switzerland, but also to the 1960s so-called Verdingkinder (literally: \"contra... |
572795a6dd62a815002ea12e | What happened at Verdingkinder auctions? | children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money | [
"Child_labour\n\nThere were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children. In the 1930s 20% of all agricultur... |
572795a6dd62a815002ea12f | In 1930s how many indentured children were there? | 35,000 | [
"Child_labour\n\nThere were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children. In the 1930s 20% of all agricultur... |
572795a6dd62a815002ea130 | How many Swiss citizen signatures were collected? | 100,000 | [
"Child_labour\n\nThere were even Verdingkinder auctions where children were handed over to the farmer asking the least amount of money from the authorities, thus securing cheap labour for his farm and relieving the authority from the financial burden of looking after the children. In the 1930s 20% of all agricultur... |
5727965f708984140094e197 | How many countries have signed the Worst Forms Convention 183 (C182)? | 151 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as... |
5727965f708984140094e198 | What types of child labour does this prohibit? | all forms of slavery | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as... |
5727965f708984140094e199 | What other international laws deal with child labour? | Minimum Age Convention (C138) | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 1999, ILO helped lead the Worst Forms Convention 182 (C182), which has so far been signed upon and domestically ratified by 151 countries including the United States. This international law prohibits worst forms of child labour, defined as all forms of slavery and slavery-like practices, such as... |
5727972a708984140094e1a7 | What did the United Nations take charge of with regards to child labour? | International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. A... |
5727972a708984140094e1a8 | What is the aim of this? | progressively eliminate child labour | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. A... |
5727972a708984140094e1a9 | What are some of the target countries? | Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. A... |
5727972a708984140094e1aa | What do they want to do with regards to schooling of young children? | universal primary school | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn addition to setting the international law, the United Nations initiated International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) in 1992. This initiative aims to progressively eliminate child labour through strengthening national capacities to address some of the causes of child labour. A... |
57279793dd62a815002ea158 | What did the United States pass in 2004? | amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the ... |
57279793dd62a815002ea159 | What is the age of US children allowed to work outside of the home? | aged 14–18 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the ... |
57279793dd62a815002ea15a | What culture in the US benefits from this Act? | Amish | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the ... |
57279793dd62a815002ea15b | What grade do Amish children need to pass in order to be able to work for their families? | eighth grade | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the ... |
5727985b708984140094e1c1 | What happened in the European Union in 1996? | agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws | [
"Child_labour\n\nSimilarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the compete... |
5727985b708984140094e1c2 | What age were children allowed to do light labour? | 13 | [
"Child_labour\n\nSimilarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the compete... |
5727985b708984140094e1c3 | What age were children able to take part in European training programs? | aged 14 years or over | [
"Child_labour\n\nSimilarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the compete... |
5727985b708984140094e1c4 | What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have? | babysitting | [
"Child_labour\n\nSimilarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the compete... |
57279aacdd62a815002ea1c2 | What does child labour do for adults? | leads to poor labour standards | [
"Child_labour\n\nSome scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing c... |
57279aacdd62a815002ea1c3 | What happens to the wages of adults? | depresses the wages of adults in developing countries as well as the developed countries | [
"Child_labour\n\nSome scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing c... |
57279aacdd62a815002ea1c4 | What are the implications for third world countries with regards to child labour? | low-skill jobs only capable of producing poor quality cheap exports | [
"Child_labour\n\nSome scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing c... |
57279aacdd62a815002ea1c5 | Does ending child labour have a global value? | there are moral and economic reasons that justify a blanket ban on labour | [
"Child_labour\n\nSome scholars[who?] suggest any labour by children aged 18 years or less is wrong since this encourages illiteracy, inhumane work and lower investment in human capital. Child labour, claim these activists, also leads to poor labour standards for adults, depresses the wages of adults in developing c... |
57279b10ff5b5019007d90d4 | What do some scholars agress is the "disease" of child labour? | poverty | [
"Child_labour\n\nOther scholars[who?] suggest that these arguments are flawed, ignores history and more laws will do more harm than good. According to them, child labour is merely the symptom of a greater disease named poverty. If laws ban all lawful work that enables the poor to survive, informal economy, illicit ... |
57279b10ff5b5019007d90d5 | Do these scholars argue for or against ending child labour? | These will increase abuse of the children. In poor countries with very high incidence rates of child labour | [
"Child_labour\n\nOther scholars[who?] suggest that these arguments are flawed, ignores history and more laws will do more harm than good. According to them, child labour is merely the symptom of a greater disease named poverty. If laws ban all lawful work that enables the poor to survive, informal economy, illicit ... |
57279b10ff5b5019007d90d6 | What do these scholars argue for keeping child labour as a practice? | only option for survival | [
"Child_labour\n\nOther scholars[who?] suggest that these arguments are flawed, ignores history and more laws will do more harm than good. According to them, child labour is merely the symptom of a greater disease named poverty. If laws ban all lawful work that enables the poor to survive, informal economy, illicit ... |
57279bc6708984140094e20f | What caused child labour to decrease in the 20th century? | economic development | [
"Child_labour\n\nThese scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws ... |
57279bc6708984140094e210 | What caused child labour to decrease in Vietnam? | economic reforms | [
"Child_labour\n\nThese scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws ... |
57279bc6708984140094e211 | What do these scholars suggest with regards to child labour reductions? | emphasis on opening quality schools rather than more laws and expanding economically relevant skill development opportunities in the third world | [
"Child_labour\n\nThese scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws ... |
57279bc6708984140094e212 | What do international actions do according to these scholars? | increase child labour | [
"Child_labour\n\nThese scholars suggest, from their studies of economic and social data, that early 20th-century child labour in Europe and the United States ended in large part as a result of the economic development of the formal regulated economy, technology development and general prosperity. Child labour laws ... |
57279c323acd2414000de7c5 | Who reported Ivory Coast farmers usage of child labour? | UNICEF | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 1998, UNICEF reported that Ivory Coast farmers used enslaved children – many from surrounding countries. In late 2000 a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate— in West Africa. Other media followed by reporting widespread ... |
57279c323acd2414000de7c6 | What do child labourers work on in West Africa? | production of cocoa | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 1998, UNICEF reported that Ivory Coast farmers used enslaved children – many from surrounding countries. In late 2000 a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate— in West Africa. Other media followed by reporting widespread ... |
57279c323acd2414000de7c7 | How many child slaves were reported in cocoa, coffee and cotton farms? | 15,000 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 1998, UNICEF reported that Ivory Coast farmers used enslaved children – many from surrounding countries. In late 2000 a BBC documentary reported the use of enslaved children in the production of cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate— in West Africa. Other media followed by reporting widespread ... |
57279cf2708984140094e24f | What migrants worked on the Ivory Coast? | Malian | [
"Child_labour\n\nMalian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. M... |
57279cf2708984140094e250 | After a 10 year low in prices what did some farmers resort to? | stopped paying their employees | [
"Child_labour\n\nMalian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. M... |
57279cf2708984140094e251 | Where did the children mainly come from? | slums | [
"Child_labour\n\nMalian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. M... |
57279cf2708984140094e252 | Where were begging children often targeted for being sold into slavery? | bus stations | [
"Child_labour\n\nMalian migrants have long worked on cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast, but in 2000 cocoa prices had dropped to a 10-year low and some farmers stopped paying their employees. The Malian counsel had to rescue some boys who had not been paid for five years and who were beaten if they tried to run away. M... |
57279dae4b864d19001638a6 | What industry was accused of profiting from child labour? | cocoa industry | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as \"false and excessive\" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for ch... |
57279dae4b864d19001638a7 | Who dismissed the allegations? | European Cocoa Association | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as \"false and excessive\" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for ch... |
57279dae4b864d19001638a8 | What are the figures for cocoa farmers using child labour? | 700,000 | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as \"false and excessive\" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for ch... |
57279dae4b864d19001638a9 | Who claimed these reports as being inaccurate? | ambassador for Ivory Coast to the United Kingdom | [
"Child_labour\n\nThe cocoa industry was accused of profiting from child slavery and trafficking. The European Cocoa Association dismissed these accusations as \"false and excessive\" and the industry said the reports were not representative of all areas. Later the industry acknowledged the working conditions for ch... |
57279e5bff5b5019007d912c | What type of agreement was the 2001 Harkin-Engel Protocol? | voluntary | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative ... |
57279e5bff5b5019007d912d | What was the foundation that was the direct result of the agreement? | International Cocoa Initiative | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative ... |
57279e5bff5b5019007d912e | How many active programs does the foundation have? | 290 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative ... |
57279e5bff5b5019007d912f | What happened to the 2005 deadlines? | have not yet been met | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative ... |
57279ecd4b864d19001638b8 | Who was the supplier of copper and cobalt to China? | Congo | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines that supplied Chinese companies in Congo. The children are creuseurs, that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. Over 60 of Katanga's 75 processing plants a... |
57279ecd4b864d19001638b9 | What are child creuseurs? | they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines that supplied Chinese companies in Congo. The children are creuseurs, that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. Over 60 of Katanga's 75 processing plants a... |
57279ecd4b864d19001638ba | What percent of materials go to China? | 90 percent | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines that supplied Chinese companies in Congo. The children are creuseurs, that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. Over 60 of Katanga's 75 processing plants a... |
57279ecd4b864d19001638bb | What is the cobalt used for? | lithium-ion batteries powering electric cars and mobile devices worldwide | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn 2008, Bloomberg claimed child labour in copper and cobalt mines that supplied Chinese companies in Congo. The children are creuseurs, that is they dig the ore by hand, carry sacks of ores on their backs, and these are then purchased by these companies. Over 60 of Katanga's 75 processing plants a... |
5727a0b22ca10214002d9252 | What did the BBC say that Glencore used child labour for in 2012? | mining and smelting operations of Africa | [
"Child_labour\n\nBBC, in 2012, accused Glencore of using child labour in its mining and smelting operations of Africa. Glencore denied it used child labour, and said it has strict policy of not using child labour. The company claimed it has a strict policy whereby all copper was mined correctly, placed in bags with... |
5727a0b22ca10214002d9253 | What did Glencore say in regards to the allegations? | denied | [
"Child_labour\n\nBBC, in 2012, accused Glencore of using child labour in its mining and smelting operations of Africa. Glencore denied it used child labour, and said it has strict policy of not using child labour. The company claimed it has a strict policy whereby all copper was mined correctly, placed in bags with... |
5727a0b22ca10214002d9254 | What did Glencore admit to with regards to child labor? | being aware of child miners | [
"Child_labour\n\nBBC, in 2012, accused Glencore of using child labour in its mining and smelting operations of Africa. Glencore denied it used child labour, and said it has strict policy of not using child labour. The company claimed it has a strict policy whereby all copper was mined correctly, placed in bags with... |
5727a1343acd2414000de851 | What is another source of mining dangerous to children workers? | gold | [
"Child_labour\n\nSmall-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of globa... |
5727a1343acd2414000de852 | What is the third largest exporter of gold in Africa? | Mali | [
"Child_labour\n\nSmall-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of globa... |
5727a1343acd2414000de853 | Why is gold vital to the people of Mali? | it is the second largest earner of its export revenue | [
"Child_labour\n\nSmall-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of globa... |
5727a1343acd2414000de854 | What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali? | primary and sometimes the only source of income | [
"Child_labour\n\nSmall-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of globa... |
5727a1a64b864d19001638e0 | How many minors did Agriprocessors employ? | 57 | [
"Child_labour\n\nIn early August 2008, Iowa Labour Commissioner David Neil announced that his department had found that Agriprocessors, a kosher meatpacking company in Postville which had recently been raided by Immigration and Customs Enforcement, had employed 57 minors, some as young as 14, in violation of state ... |
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