id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57283f66ff5b5019007d9ff6 | During what time span were there findings of habitation in India and Pakistan? | 7000–9000 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Mesolithic period in the Indian subcontinent was followed by the Neolithic period, when more extensive settlement of the subcontinent occurred after the end of the last Ice Age approximately 12,000 years ago. The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhim... |
572840ee4b864d190016480e | When did the Mature Indus Civilization thrive? | 2600 to 1900 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mo... |
572840ee4b864d190016480f | What stage of civilization did the Mature Indus represent? | urban | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mo... |
572840ee4b864d1900164810 | What kind of organization did the Mature Indus have? | municipal | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mo... |
572840ee4b864d1900164811 | Of what were the early cities of the Mature Indus civilization built? | brick | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mo... |
572840ee4b864d1900164812 | How high were the buildings in the Mature Indus ? | multistoreyed | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mo... |
572842553acd2414000df7e7 | For what culture is the Vedic period named? | Indo-Aryan | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas ar... |
572842553acd2414000df7e8 | Where was the Indo-Aryan culture located? | north-west India | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas ar... |
572842553acd2414000df7e9 | In what language did the Vedic culture speak? | Vedic Sanskrit | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas ar... |
572842553acd2414000df7ea | What sacred texts are some of the oldest in India? | The Vedas | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas ar... |
572842553acd2414000df7eb | What was the duration of the Vedic culture? | 1750 to 500 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Vedic period is named after the Indo-Aryan culture of north-west India, although other parts of India had a distinct cultural identity during this period. The Vedic culture is described in the texts of Vedas, still sacred to Hindus, which were orally composed in Vedic Sanskrit. The Vedas ar... |
572843dd2ca10214002da1ec | When did the Aryan culture begin its expansion? | Rigvedic period | [
"History_of_India\n\nAt the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social str... |
572843dd2ca10214002da1ed | Into what area did the Aryan culture expand? | western Ganges plain | [
"History_of_India\n\nAt the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social str... |
572843dd2ca10214002da1ee | What were the Aryan social classes called? | varnas | [
"History_of_India\n\nAt the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social str... |
572843dd2ca10214002da1ef | What did the Aryans label as impure in the indigenous peoples in order to exclude them from certain social classes? | occupations | [
"History_of_India\n\nAt the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social str... |
572843dd2ca10214002da1f0 | What groupings formed up into larger monarchical groups? | small tribal units | [
"History_of_India\n\nAt the end of the Rigvedic period, the Aryan society began to expand from the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent, into the western Ganges plain. It became increasingly agricultural and was socially organised around the hierarchy of the four varnas, or social classes. This social str... |
572845efff5b5019007da094 | What was the first state size society in the Vedic period? | Kuru kingdom | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally \"black metal\... |
572845efff5b5019007da095 | What is the dating of the Kuru kingdom? | 1200 – 800 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally \"black metal\... |
572845efff5b5019007da096 | At the beginning of what age are the dates of the Kuru kingdom? | Iron Age | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally \"black metal\... |
572845efff5b5019007da097 | What is the first Indian text to mention iron? | Atharvaveda | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally \"black metal\... |
572845efff5b5019007da098 | When the Kuru kingdom declined, to what kingdom did Vedic culture go? | Panchala | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Kuru kingdom was the first state-level society of the Vedic period, corresponding to the beginning of the Iron Age in northwestern India, around 1200 – 800 BCE, as well as with the composition of the Atharvaveda (the first Indian text to mention iron, as śyāma ayas, literally \"black metal\... |
5728479e2ca10214002da232 | What were the principle texts of Hinduism? | Vedas | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an \"epic ag... |
5728479e2ca10214002da233 | In what language were the Vedas ? | Sanskrit | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an \"epic ag... |
5728479e2ca10214002da234 | What were the core epics of the Vedas? | Ramayana and Mahabharata | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an \"epic ag... |
5728479e2ca10214002da235 | Which Vedic text is the longest single poem on Earth? | Mahabharata | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an \"epic ag... |
5728479e2ca10214002da236 | On what type of clash is the Mahabharata thought to have been based? | small-scale conflict | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn addition to the Vedas, the principal texts of Hinduism, the core themes of the Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are said to have their ultimate origins during this period. The Mahabharata remains, today, the longest single poem in the world. Historians formerly postulated an \"epic ag... |
57284911ff5b5019007da0e8 | What philosophical movement appeared during 800-200 BCE? | Shramana-movement | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called \"Second urbanization\" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especiall... |
57284911ff5b5019007da0e9 | What was the origins of the Shramana movement? | Jainism and Buddhism | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called \"Second urbanization\" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especiall... |
57284911ff5b5019007da0ea | During what time were the first Upanishads written? | between 800 and 200 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called \"Second urbanization\" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especiall... |
57284911ff5b5019007da0eb | What period started after 500 BCE? | Second urbanization | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called \"Second urbanization\" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especiall... |
57284911ff5b5019007da0ec | Where was the central location of the Muayan Empire? | Central Ganges Plain | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the time between 800 and 200 BCE the Shramana-movement formed, from which originated Jainism and Buddhism. In the same period the first Upanishads were written. After 500 BCE, the so-called \"Second urbanization\" started, with new urban settlements arising at the Ganges plain, especiall... |
57284ab33acd2414000df8b3 | By what age had many small states covered the subcontinent? | later Vedic Age | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE. sixteen monarchies and \"republics\" known as the Mahajanapadas—Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Ma... |
57284ab33acd2414000df8b4 | How many small states covered the Ganges Plain of India? | sixteen monarchies | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE. sixteen monarchies and \"republics\" known as the Mahajanapadas—Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Ma... |
57284ab33acd2414000df8b5 | What were the sixteen kingdoms called? | Mahajanapadas | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE. sixteen monarchies and \"republics\" known as the Mahajanapadas—Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Ma... |
57284ab33acd2414000df8b6 | What second period did the rise of the small kingdoms show? | urbanism | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE. sixteen monarchies and \"republics\" known as the Mahajanapadas—Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Ma... |
57284ab33acd2414000df8b7 | What was the first major urbanization in India? | Indus Valley Civilisation | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city states had covered the subcontinent, many mentioned in Vedic, early Buddhist and Jaina literature as far back as 500 BCE. sixteen monarchies and \"republics\" known as the Mahajanapadas—Kashi, Kosala, Anga, Magadha, Vajji (or Vriji), Ma... |
57284c3d4b864d19001648ec | Where was the Vajji confederation located? | Vaishali | [
"History_of_India\n\nMany smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early \"republics\" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as... |
57284c3d4b864d19001648ed | How early did the small republic states exist in India? | 6th century BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nMany smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early \"republics\" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as... |
57284c3d4b864d19001648ee | Until what century did the republic states endure in India? | 4th century CE | [
"History_of_India\n\nMany smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early \"republics\" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as... |
57284c3d4b864d19001648ef | In what language did the educated Indian speak? | Sanskrit | [
"History_of_India\n\nMany smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early \"republics\" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as... |
57284c3d4b864d19001648f0 | What was the general population's common language ? | Prakrits | [
"History_of_India\n\nMany smaller clans mentioned within early literature seem to have been present across the rest of the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected their rulers. Early \"republics\" such as the Vajji (or Vriji) confederation centered in the city of Vaishali, existed as... |
57284e224b864d190016490a | When were the earliest Upanishads composed? | 7th and 6th centuries BC | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a d... |
57284e224b864d190016490b | Of what philosophical system do the Upanishads form the basis? | Hinduism | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a d... |
57284e224b864d190016490c | What are the Upanishads called in Hinduism? | Vedanta | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a d... |
57284e224b864d190016490d | What part of the Hinduism belief system did the Upanishads attack? | ritual | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a d... |
57284e224b864d190016490e | What worship system is central to Hinduism? | Self | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe 7th and 6th centuries BC witnessed the composition of the earliest Upanishads. Upanishads form the theoretical basis of classical Hinduism and are known as Vedanta (conclusion of the Vedas). The older Upanishads launched attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. Anyone who worships a d... |
57284ff92ca10214002da288 | What did the shramana movements challenge? | orthodoxy of rituals | [
"History_of_India\n\nIncreasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this moveme... |
57284ff92ca10214002da289 | Who was the founder of Jainism? | Mahavira | [
"History_of_India\n\nIncreasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this moveme... |
57284ff92ca10214002da28a | What prominent icon founded Buddhism? | Buddha | [
"History_of_India\n\nIncreasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this moveme... |
57284ff92ca10214002da28b | What path did Buddha find to soothe the strictness of Sramana religions? | Middle Way | [
"History_of_India\n\nIncreasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this moveme... |
57284ff92ca10214002da28c | What belief system taught the idea of samsara? | Shramana | [
"History_of_India\n\nIncreasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this moveme... |
572851feff5b5019007da176 | Of what was Magadha one of sixteen? | Mahā-Janapadas | [
"History_of_India\n\nMagadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: \"Great Countries\") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to ... |
572851feff5b5019007da177 | How does the Sanskrit translate Maha-Janapadas? | Great Countries | [
"History_of_India\n\nMagadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: \"Great Countries\") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to ... |
572851feff5b5019007da178 | Where was the center of Magadha? | Bihar | [
"History_of_India\n\nMagadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: \"Great Countries\") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to ... |
572851feff5b5019007da179 | Where were there early records of the Magadha kingdom? | Vedic texts | [
"History_of_India\n\nMagadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: \"Great Countries\") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to ... |
572851feff5b5019007da17a | What time do the texts locating Magadha kingdom predate? | 600 BC. | [
"History_of_India\n\nMagadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: \"Great Countries\") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to ... |
57285a053acd2414000df93f | Where is the earliest mention of Magadha people? | Atharva-Veda | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire... |
57285a053acd2414000df940 | In the development of which religions did Magadha participate? | Jainism and Buddhism | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire... |
57285a053acd2414000df941 | Where was the location origin of the Maurya and Gupta empires? | Magadha | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire... |
57285a053acd2414000df942 | Due to advances in science and culture, what are the Magadha region empires considered to represent? | Golden Age | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire... |
57285a053acd2414000df943 | What were local villages' assemblies called in the Magadha kingdoms? | Gramakas | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda where they are found listed along with the Angas, Gandharis, and Mujavats. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire... |
57285ba53acd2414000df949 | What Persian king wanted tribute from the tribes of northern India? | Cyrus the Great | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcon... |
57285ba53acd2414000df94a | By 520 BC what empire ruled the northwestern Indian subcontinent? | Persian Achaemenid Empire | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcon... |
57285ba53acd2414000df94b | What king ruled Persia in 520 BC? | Darius I of Persia | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcon... |
57285ba53acd2414000df94c | How long did the Persian empire control the northern India subcontinent? | two centuries | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcon... |
57285ba53acd2414000df94d | What did India supply to the Persian war efforts against Greece? | mercenaries | [
"History_of_India\n\nIn 530 BC Cyrus the Great, King of the Persian Achaemenid Empire crossed the Hindu-Kush mountains to seek tribute from the tribes of Kamboja, Gandhara and the trans-India region (modern Afghanistan and Pakistan). By 520 BC, during the reign of Darius I of Persia, much of the northwestern subcon... |
57285d3a3acd2414000df95b | When did Alexander the Great reach India? | 326 BC | [
"History_of_India\n\nBy 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march... |
57285d3a3acd2414000df95c | Who did Alexander defeat in the area now Pakistan? | King Porus | [
"History_of_India\n\nBy 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march... |
57285d3a3acd2414000df95d | At what battle did Alexander beat King Porus? | Battle of the Hydaspes | [
"History_of_India\n\nBy 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march... |
57285d3a3acd2414000df95e | Where did Alexander's army finally mutiny? | Hyphasis | [
"History_of_India\n\nBy 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march... |
57285d3a3acd2414000df95f | The strength of what empire's army pushed Alexander to retreat? | Nanda Empire | [
"History_of_India\n\nBy 326 BC, Alexander the Great had conquered Asia Minor and the Achaemenid Empire and had reached the northwest frontiers of the Indian subcontinent. There he defeated King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes (near modern-day Jhelum, Pakistan) and conquered much of the Punjab. Alexander's march... |
57285ebc3acd2414000df965 | What was the first empire to unify India? | Maurya Empire | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west... |
57285ebc3acd2414000df966 | What was the time span of the Mauryan Empire? | 322–185 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west... |
57285ebc3acd2414000df967 | Who formed the Maurya Empire in Magadha? | Chandragupta Maurya | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west... |
57285ebc3acd2414000df968 | What dynasty did Chandragupta Maurya defeat? | Nanda Dynasty | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west... |
57285ebc3acd2414000df969 | In what year did Chandraguta's son come to the throne? | 297 BC | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. At its greatest extent, the Mauryan Empire stretched to the north up to the natural boundaries of the Himalayas and to the east into what is now Assam. To the west... |
572860cdff5b5019007da1d2 | What are the basic written records of the Mauryans? | Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise w... |
572860cdff5b5019007da1d3 | What is the archaeological period of the Mauryan Empire? | Northern Black Polished Ware | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise w... |
572860cdff5b5019007da1d4 | What metal was developed in south India during the time of the Mauryan Empire? | Wootz steel | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise w... |
572860cdff5b5019007da1d5 | To where was wootz steel exported? | China and Arabia | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise w... |
572860cdff5b5019007da1d6 | What organization closely monitored business dealings in the Mauryan Empire? | government | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise w... |
572862ab2ca10214002da2ca | During what period did Tamil literature thrive? | Sangam period | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and cul... |
572862ab2ca10214002da2cb | How many Tamil dynasties ruled during the Sangam period? | 3 | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and cul... |
572862ab2ca10214002da2cc | What was the extent of the Sangam period? | 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and cul... |
572862ab2ca10214002da2cd | In what part of India did the Tamil dynasties rule? | southern India | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and cul... |
572862ab2ca10214002da2ce | How were Tamil writers different from earlier Sanskrit writers? | non-Brahmins | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and cul... |
5728651f4b864d1900164980 | What empire covered most of India from 230 BCE? | Śātavāhana Empire | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but de... |
5728651f4b864d1900164981 | Of what were the Satavahanas patrons? | Hinduism and Buddhism | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but de... |
5728651f4b864d1900164982 | What did the Satavahanas issue embossed with their king's head? | coins | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but de... |
5728651f4b864d1900164983 | When was the Satavahana Empire divided into smaller states? | 3rd century CE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but de... |
5728651f4b864d1900164984 | From what did the Satavahana Empire protect much of India? | foreign invaders | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Śātavāhana Empire was a royal Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh as well as Junnar (Pune) and Prathisthan (Paithan) in Maharashtra. The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. Sātavāhanas started out as feudatories to the Mauryan dynasty, but de... |
572866e54b864d1900164994 | What was the time span of the Shunga Empire? | 187 to 78 BCE | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors ... |
572866e54b864d1900164995 | Who founded the Shuga empire after the fall of the Maurya empire? | Pushyamitra Shunga | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors ... |
572866e54b864d1900164996 | How long did Pushyamitra Shunga rule? | 36 years | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors ... |
572866e54b864d1900164997 | What script variant was used to write the Sanskrit language? | Brahmi | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors ... |
572866e54b864d1900164998 | What tradition did Shunga rulers help begin? | sponsorship of learning and art | [
"History_of_India\n\nThe Shunga Empire or Shunga Empire was an ancient Indian dynasty from Magadha that controlled vast areas of the Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 78 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Shunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire. Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors ... |
572868892ca10214002da30e | What Kalingan ruler brought the Chedi dynasty back into power? | Khārabēḷa | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state ... |
572868892ca10214002da30f | What power had previously defeated the Kalingans? | Ashoka | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state ... |
572868892ca10214002da310 | In what arena was Kalinga a formidable power? | maritime | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state ... |
572868892ca10214002da311 | What maritime advantage did the Kalingans have? | trade routes | [
"History_of_India\n\nDuring the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state ... |
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