id
stringlengths
24
24
question
stringlengths
1
270
answer
stringlengths
1
239
documents
listlengths
1
1
56d99788dc89441400fdb580
What is Canis familiaris?
domestic dog
[ "Dog\n\nThe domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes." ]
56d99788dc89441400fdb581
How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred?
millennia
[ "Dog\n\nThe domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes." ]
56d99788dc89441400fdb582
Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for?
sensory capabilities
[ "Dog\n\nThe domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes." ]
56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d83168
What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?
2010s
[ "Dog\n\nAlthough initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. B...
56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d83169
Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?
40,000
[ "Dog\n\nAlthough initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. B...
56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316a
What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?
Eurasia
[ "Dog\n\nAlthough initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. B...
56d4a7a72ccc5a1400d8316b
What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?
starch-rich
[ "Dog\n\nAlthough initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. B...
56d997d0dc89441400fdb590
What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?
extensive genetic studies
[ "Dog\n\nAlthough initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. B...
56d4bb172ccc5a1400d83186
What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general?
man's best friend
[ "Dog\n\nDogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname \"man's best friend\" in the Western world. In some cultures, ho...
56d9984fdc89441400fdb592
What moniker has been given to dogs in Western cultures?
man's best friend
[ "Dog\n\nDogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname \"man's best friend\" in the Western world. In some cultures, ho...
56d9984fdc89441400fdb593
Dogs are a source of what in some cultures?
meat
[ "Dog\n\nDogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname \"man's best friend\" in the Western world. In some cultures, ho...
56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318b
What is the Proto-Germanic word that "dog" may have come from?
dukkōn
[ "Dog\n\nThe term \"domestic dog\" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a \"powerful dog breed\". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce (\"finger-mu...
56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318c
What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from?
Proto-Indo-European
[ "Dog\n\nThe term \"domestic dog\" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a \"powerful dog breed\". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce (\"finger-mu...
56d998c8dc89441400fdb597
Where does the word dog originate?
Old English docga
[ "Dog\n\nThe term \"domestic dog\" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a \"powerful dog breed\". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce (\"finger-mu...
56d998c8dc89441400fdb598
Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary?
Proto-Indo-European
[ "Dog\n\nThe term \"domestic dog\" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a \"powerful dog breed\". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce (\"finger-mu...
56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319a
What was the common 14th-century word for dogs for those who spoke English?
hound
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319b
What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound?
mastiff.
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d4bcef2ccc5a1400d8319c
In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs?
16th
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d99962dc89441400fdb5a6
What was the common term for all domesticated dogs in England during the 14th century?
hound
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d99962dc89441400fdb5a7
When did the word dog become the common term for canines?
16th century
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d99962dc89441400fdb5a8
Hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time?
hunting
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d99962dc89441400fdb5a9
What Proto-Indo-European word is hound from?
*kwon- "dog"
[ "Dog\n\nIn 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this \"dog\" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category \"hound\". By the 16th century, dog...
56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831aa
What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively?
a litter.
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ab
What is the male who is father of the pups called?
sire
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ac
What is the French word that "puppy" comes from?
poupée
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ad
What is giving birth to dogs called?
whelping
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ae
What is the English word for female dog that has also become profanity?
bitch
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d999dcdc89441400fdb5ae
A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding?
bitch
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d999dcdc89441400fdb5af
What are canine offspring referred as?
litter
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b0
What is the father of a litter referred as?
sire
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b1
What is the mother of a litter referred as?
dam
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d999dcdc89441400fdb5b2
What are the individual litter canines called?
pups
[ "Dog\n\nIn breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in gen...
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b4
What is the Latin term for "dog.?"
Canis
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b5
What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae?
1758
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b6
Who published Systema Naturae?
Linnaeus
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b7
What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus?
wolf
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b8
What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?
Mammal Species of the World
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b8
What is the Latin word for dog?
Canis
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b9
Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what?
family dog
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5ba
What is the Latin name for a wolf?
Canis lupus
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5bb
Feral dogs have what Latin classification?
Canis dingo
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5bc
What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus?
1982
[ "Dog\n\nIn 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means \...
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d2
What year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were one species, then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety?
2003
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d3
What 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling?
Mammal Species of the World
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d4
What Latin dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different?
Canis familiaris.
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d5
What official body recognizes both Canis lupus and Canis familiaris?
ICZN
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d4c13d2ccc5a1400d831d6
Many researchers prefer what term?
Canis familiaris.
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c2
Who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts?
ICZN
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c3
What was this decision called?
Opinion 2027
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lup...
56d4c2102ccc5a1400d831ee
What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades?
genetic studies
[ "Dog\n\nLater genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct." ]
56d4c2102ccc5a1400d831ef
The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what?
extinct.
[ "Dog\n\nLater genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct." ]
56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831fd
Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?
hunter-gatherers
[ "Dog\n\nThe origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hu...
56d4c3ba2ccc5a1400d831ff
Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?
Taimyr wolf of North Asia
[ "Dog\n\nThe origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hu...
56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e2
Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?
human hunter-gatherers
[ "Dog\n\nThe origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hu...
56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e3
Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?
gray wolf
[ "Dog\n\nThe origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hu...
56d99c62dc89441400fdb5e4
Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?
Taimyr
[ "Dog\n\nThe origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hu...
56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d8320e
What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?
Modern dog breeds
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d8320f
What are dog teeth best suited for?
catching and tearing.
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83210
Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?
scavengers
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83211
What bones in dog legs are fused?
wrist
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d4c4bd2ccc5a1400d83212
A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?
endurance
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d99cfedc89441400fdb5eb
What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?
catching and tearing
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d99cfedc89441400fdb5ec
Dogs originated as predators and what?
scavengers
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the d...
56d4d4b82ccc5a1400d8327c
Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics?
height and weight.
[ "Dog\n\nDogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (3...
56d4d4b82ccc5a1400d8327f
What breed was the largest dog known to have lived?
English Mastiff
[ "Dog\n\nDogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (3...
56d99d69dc89441400fdb5f4
What is the biggest known dog?
English Mastiff
[ "Dog\n\nDogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (3...
56d5aeea1c85041400946db3
Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?
double
[ "Dog\n\nThe coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: \"double\" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or \"single\", with the topcoat only." ]
56d5aeea1c85041400946db4
Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?
soft down hair
[ "Dog\n\nThe coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: \"double\" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or \"single\", with the topcoat only." ]
56d99dcfdc89441400fdb608
What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?
double
[ "Dog\n\nThe coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: \"double\" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or \"single\", with the topcoat only." ]
56d99dcfdc89441400fdb609
What is a single coat?
topcoat only
[ "Dog\n\nThe coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: \"double\" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or \"single\", with the topcoat only." ]
56d5af531c85041400946dba
When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?
countershading
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional \"blaze\", stripe, or \"star\" of wh...
56d5af531c85041400946dbb
A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?
upper surfaces
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional \"blaze\", stripe, or \"star\" of wh...
56d99e45dc89441400fdb60e
A natural camo pattern is known as what?
countershading
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional \"blaze\", stripe, or \"star\" of wh...
56d99e45dc89441400fdb60f
What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading?
dark coloring
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional \"blaze\", stripe, or \"star\" of wh...
56d99e45dc89441400fdb610
What is reduced when a dog has countershading?
visibility
[ "Dog\n\nDomestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional \"blaze\", stripe, or \"star\" of wh...
56d5afb81c85041400946dc2
What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed?
tails
[ "Dog\n\nThere are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is trad...
56d5afb81c85041400946dc3
What does a dog communicate with its tail?
emotional state
[ "Dog\n\nThere are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is trad...
56d99ea7dc89441400fdb620
What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed?
tails
[ "Dog\n\nThere are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is trad...
56d5c9061c85041400946dca
What are some dogs prone to?
genetic ailments
[ "Dog\n\nSome breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affect...
56d5c9061c85041400946dcc
What are all dogs susceptible to?
parasites
[ "Dog\n\nSome breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affect...
56d5c9061c85041400946dcd
Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?
unspayed
[ "Dog\n\nSome breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affect...
56d9a0cadc89441400fdb637
Who does pyometra affect?
unspayed females
[ "Dog\n\nSome breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affect...
56d9a0cadc89441400fdb639
What are fleas, ticks and mites called?
parasites
[ "Dog\n\nSome breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affect...
56d5ca321c85041400946dd2
Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?
toxic
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d5ca321c85041400946dd3
Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?
xylitol
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d5ca321c85041400946dd4
What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?
macadamia
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d5ca321c85041400946dd5
What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?
theobromine
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d9a199dc89441400fdb64e
Some human foods can be what to dogs?
toxic
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d9a199dc89441400fdb64f
What in tobacco can hurt dogs?
nicotine
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d9a199dc89441400fdb652
What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?
dark
[ "Dog\n\nA number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. ...
56d5cba21c85041400946dde
Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs?
1.2 years
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan)." ]
56d5cba21c85041400946ddf
Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?
shorter
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan)." ]
56d9a21edc89441400fdb65a
When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?
2013
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan)." ]
56d9a21edc89441400fdb65b
Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live?
1.2 years longer
[ "Dog\n\nIn 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan)." ]
56d5cc661c85041400946de2
What is the median lifespan of canines?
10 to 13 years.
[ "Dog\n\nThe typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed." ]
56d5cd181c85041400946de4
What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan?
Dogue de Bordeaux
[ "Dog\n\nThe breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived...
56d5cd181c85041400946de5
What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years?
5.2 years
[ "Dog\n\nThe breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived...
56d5cd181c85041400946de6
What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound?
6 to 7 years.
[ "Dog\n\nThe breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived...
56d9a294dc89441400fdb662
Which dog has the shortest lifespan?
Dogue de Bordeaux
[ "Dog\n\nThe breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived...
56d9a294dc89441400fdb663
What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux?
5.2 years
[ "Dog\n\nThe breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived...