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57316ff8e6313a140071cf3a
What was the Libyan coup later called, when it was renamed for the day it took place?
One September Revolution
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHaving removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the \"reactionary and corrupt\" regime, \"the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all.\" Due to the coup's bloodless natur...
57316ff8e6313a140071cf3b
What was the name of the revolutionary group led by Gaddafi?
Free Officers
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHaving removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the \"reactionary and corrupt\" regime, \"the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all.\" Due to the coup's bloodless natur...
57316ff8e6313a140071cf3c
How did Gaddafi characterize the monarchy in his radio address?
reactionary and corrupt
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHaving removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the \"reactionary and corrupt\" regime, \"the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all.\" Due to the coup's bloodless natur...
572ec189cb0c0d14000f1508
How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?
All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees;
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
572ec189cb0c0d14000f1509
Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?
they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
572ec189cb0c0d14000f150a
Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?
Gaddafi
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
572ec189cb0c0d14000f150b
Did everyone endorse Gaddafi?
some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
5731710105b4da19006bd188
On what date were the members of the RCC announced?
10 January 1970
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
5731710105b4da19006bd189
How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?
none
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
5731710105b4da19006bd18a
What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?
young
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
5731710105b4da19006bd18b
What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
men
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
5731710105b4da19006bd18c
Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?
middle
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAlthough theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being public...
572ec21cdfa6aa1500f8d34d
What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?
They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
572ec21cdfa6aa1500f8d34e
What happened to Idris?
Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
572ec21cdfa6aa1500f8d34f
How did Gaddafi view the elite?
Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
572ec21cdfa6aa1500f8d350
What happened to the monarchists and and journalists?
"People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6d
What clan was King Idris part of?
Senussi
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6e
Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts?
monarchist politicians
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf6f
How many people were executed by the People's Courts?
none
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf70
What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?
execution
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
57317177a5e9cc1400cdbf71
Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military?
monarchists
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of...
572ec2cedfa6aa1500f8d355
What was the RCC's view of political parties?
Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties,
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
572ec2cedfa6aa1500f8d356
What did Gaddafi do in 1971?
In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
572ec2cedfa6aa1500f8d357
What did Gaddafi do in 1973?
In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
572ec2cedfa6aa1500f8d358
What was the impact of incorporating the sharia into the legal system?
united secular and religious law codes
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
573171d105b4da19006bd19c
In what year did the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar occur?
1970
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
573171d105b4da19006bd19d
What did the RCC outlaw in 1970?
trade unions
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
573171d105b4da19006bd19e
What publications were shut down 1972?
newspapers
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
573171d105b4da19006bd19f
In what month and year did Gaddafi first resign?
September 1971
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
573171d105b4da19006bd1a0
In what year did Gaddafi's second resignation occur?
1973
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy...
572ec348c246551400ce462e
What was Libya's main export?
crude oil
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nWith crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully incre...
572ec348c246551400ce462f
How did Gaddafi's decisions in the oil industry impact other OPEC states?
In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nWith crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully incre...
5731723805b4da19006bd1a6
What was the main export of Libya?
crude oil
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nWith crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully incre...
5731723805b4da19006bd1a7
How much money did Libya accrue in a year as a result of the Tripoli Agreement?
$1 billion
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nWith crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully incre...
5731723805b4da19006bd1a8
What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of?
OPEC
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nWith crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully incre...
5731723805b4da19006bd1a9
Who was responsible for raising the price of Libyan oil in 1969?
Jalloud
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nWith crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully incre...
572ec488cb0c0d14000f1524
In 1979, how much did the average per capita income change for Libyans?
by 1979 the average per-capita income was at $8,170, up from $40 in 1951
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
572ec488cb0c0d14000f1525
What decision allowed Gaddafi to move Libya closer to socialism?
In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationalized.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
572ec488cb0c0d14000f1526
How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979?
while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
572ec488cb0c0d14000f1527
How did the RCC begin their march toward nationalization?
starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
57317297497a881900248ef7
What company's property did Libya nationalize in December of 1971?
British Petroleum
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
57317297497a881900248ef8
In what month and year was a blanket nationalization of foreign oil production proclaimed?
September 1973
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
57317297497a881900248ef9
What was Libya's GDP in 1969?
$3.8 billion
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
57317297497a881900248efa
In what year did Libya have a GDP of $24.5 billion?
1979
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
57317297497a881900248efb
What was Libya's per-capita income in 1951?
$40
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIncreasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Lib...
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf77
What sort of identity was promoted by the RCC?
pan-Libyan
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-s...
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf78
What identities did the RCC try to dissuade?
regional and tribal
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-s...
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf79
What were tribal leaders accused of in 1971?
counter-revolutionary activity
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-s...
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf7a
Where was the military court located that tried the tribal leaders in 1971?
Sabha
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-s...
5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf7b
Of what party did Gaddafi become president in this period?
Arab Socialist Union
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-s...
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf81
On what philosophy was the RCC's social reforms based?
sharia
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on...
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf82
What language was used in official communications by the government of Libya?
Arabic
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on...
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf83
During what period were oil-funded programs for social welfare created?
1969 to 1973
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on...
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf84
What religion was suppressed in Libya?
Christian
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on...
573173bea5e9cc1400cdbf85
What beverage did the Libyan government ban?
alcohol
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on...
5731744305b4da19006bd1b6
What philosophy influenced the RCC?
Arab nationalism
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, ...
5731744305b4da19006bd1b7
Along with Egypt, Iraq and Sudan, what country's Arab nationalist government recognized the Libyan revolutionary government?
Syria
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, ...
5731744305b4da19006bd1b8
What Arab nationalist thinker was influential with the RCC?
Nasser
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, ...
5731744305b4da19006bd1b9
What countries founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Libya?
Egypt and Sudan
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, ...
5731744305b4da19006bd1ba
In what year was the Arab Revolutionary Front founded?
1969
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, ...
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8b
Who did Anwar Sadat succeed?
Nasser
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unoff...
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8c
What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation?
unified state
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unoff...
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8d
Along with Libya, what nations joined the political federation?
Egypt, Syria and Sudan
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unoff...
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8e
In what year was the merger charter signed?
1972
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unoff...
573176cba5e9cc1400cdbf8f
When did the federation have to be implemented by?
September 1973
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unoff...
5731773c497a881900248f25
What nations comprised the Four Powers?
France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fe...
5731773c497a881900248f26
Who told Gaddafi about a possible counter-coup in 1970?
U.S.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fe...
5731773c497a881900248f27
Along with the U.S., what major power recognized Gaddafi's government at an early date?
U.K.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fe...
5731773c497a881900248f28
In what month and year did the United States remove its military bases from Libya?
June 1970
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fe...
5731773c497a881900248f29
Who removed their Libyan military bases in March of 1970?
British
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAfter the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fe...
5731782a497a881900248f2f
How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?
12,000
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nMoving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya reques...
5731782a497a881900248f30
In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970?
Jews
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nMoving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya reques...
5731782a497a881900248f31
Who did the RCC buy military equipment from?
France and the Soviet Union
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nMoving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya reques...
5731782a497a881900248f32
Who were the adversaries of the Soviets during the Cold War?
U.S.
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nMoving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya reques...
5731782a497a881900248f33
Who did Libya offer foreign aid to in 1971?
Malta
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nMoving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya reques...
5731789ee6313a140071cf72
What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi?
Yasser Arafat
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHis relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Genera...
5731789ee6313a140071cf73
What organization did Arafat belong to?
Fatah
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHis relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Genera...
5731789ee6313a140071cf74
Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972?
Black September Organization
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHis relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Genera...
5731789ee6313a140071cf75
In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur?
Munich
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHis relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Genera...
5731789ee6313a140071cf76
How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?
three
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nHis relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Genera...
57317925497a881900248f4b
During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides?
Eritrean War of Independence
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South A...
57317925497a881900248f4c
During what decade did Libya finance militant groups?
1970s
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South A...
57317925497a881900248f4d
What was the Third World fighting against in the 1970s?
colonialism and neocolonialism
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South A...
57317925497a881900248f4e
On what continent did the Red Army Faction operate?
Europe
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South A...
57317925497a881900248f4f
What was the ANC combating?
Apartheid
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South A...
5731799c497a881900248f55
On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a "Popular Revolution"?
16 April 1973
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nOn 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolutio...
5731799c497a881900248f56
What happened to Libya's laws as a result of the first point of Gaddafi's speech?
dissolved
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nOn 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolutio...
5731799c497a881900248f57
How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have?
5
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nOn 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolutio...
5731799c497a881900248f58
What type of revolution began as a result of the third point?
administrative
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nOn 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolutio...
5731799c497a881900248f59
Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?
Egypt
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nOn 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a \"Popular Revolution\" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolutio...
57317a26a5e9cc1400cdbfaf
What were the Libyan people instructed to create in conjunction with the Popular Revolution?
General People's Committees
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAs part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participat...
57317a26a5e9cc1400cdbfb0
Along with the bureaucracy, who were the General People's Committees directed at?
traditional leaders
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAs part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participat...
57317a26a5e9cc1400cdbfb1
What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees?
traditional party-based representative
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nAs part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participat...
57317ace497a881900248f69
What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to?
tribal divisions
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, lea...
57317ace497a881900248f6a
Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees?
Marxists
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, lea...
57317ace497a881900248f6b
Along with the General People's Congress, what national body represented the People's Committees?
General People's Committee
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, lea...
57317ace497a881900248f6c
What kind of structure did the People's Committee system use?
pyramid
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nThe People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, lea...
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb5
In what month and year did Gaddafi begin Third International Theory?
June 1973
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three ...
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb6
Who was the founder of Three Worlds Theory?
Mao Zedong
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three ...
57317b49a5e9cc1400cdbfb7
What sort of state did Gaddafi believe should be founded?
pan-Arab
[ "Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nIn June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three ...