id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
573191a8a5e9cc1400cdc0cf | What sort of relationship did Gaddafi have with Halyna Kolotnytska? | professional | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nStarting in the 1980s, he travelled with his all-female Amazonian Guard, who were allegedly sworn to a life of celibacy. However, according to psychologist Seham Sergewa, after the civil war several of the guards told her they had been pressured into joining and raped by Gaddafi and senior offic... |
57319266497a881900249051 | What diseases were minimized by Gaddafi's health care policies? | cholera and typhoid | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and en... |
57319266497a881900249052 | What was the cost of primary and secondary education under Gaddafi? | free | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and en... |
57319266497a881900249053 | Why did living standards decline in 1980s Libya? | economic stagnation | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and en... |
57319266497a881900249054 | Due to his opposition to West governments, who notably respected Gaddafi? | Euro-American far right | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and en... |
57319266497a881900249055 | What is the occupation of Lillian Craig Harris? | Libyan studies specialist | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nGaddafi remained a controversial and divisive figure on the world stage throughout his life and after death. Supporters praised Gaddafi's administration for the creation of an almost classless society through domestic reform. They stress the regime's achievements in combating homelessness and en... |
57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f1 | What did Reagan call Gaddafi? | mad dog of the Middle East | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nCritics labelled Gaddafi \"despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid\", with western governments and press presenting him as the \"vicious dictator of an oppressed people\". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as \"Public Enemy No. 1\" and Reagan famously dubbed him... |
57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f2 | According to Human Rights Watch, how many prisoners were killed on June 29, 1996? | 1,270 | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nCritics labelled Gaddafi \"despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid\", with western governments and press presenting him as the \"vicious dictator of an oppressed people\". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as \"Public Enemy No. 1\" and Reagan famously dubbed him... |
57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f3 | Under Gaddafi, how did Freedom House rate Libya? | Not Free | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nCritics labelled Gaddafi \"despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid\", with western governments and press presenting him as the \"vicious dictator of an oppressed people\". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as \"Public Enemy No. 1\" and Reagan famously dubbed him... |
57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f4 | What did Gaddafi call Libya dissidents based outside the country? | stray dogs | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nCritics labelled Gaddafi \"despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid\", with western governments and press presenting him as the \"vicious dictator of an oppressed people\". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as \"Public Enemy No. 1\" and Reagan famously dubbed him... |
57319323a5e9cc1400cdc0f5 | At what prison did extrajudicial executions occur according to HRW? | Abu Salim | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nCritics labelled Gaddafi \"despotic, cruel, arrogant, vain and stupid\", with western governments and press presenting him as the \"vicious dictator of an oppressed people\". During the Reagan administration, the United States regarded him as \"Public Enemy No. 1\" and Reagan famously dubbed him... |
573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fb | Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr? | Hugo Chávez | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nInternational reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that \"the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted,\" while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was \"proud\" of his country's role in overthrowing \"this brutal dictator\". ... |
573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fc | Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid? | Nelson Mandela | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nInternational reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that \"the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted,\" while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was \"proud\" of his country's role in overthrowing \"this brutal dictator\". ... |
573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fd | Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government? | David Cameron | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nInternational reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that \"the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted,\" while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was \"proud\" of his country's role in overthrowing \"this brutal dictator\". ... |
573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0fe | In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi? | Sierra Leone | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nInternational reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that \"the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted,\" while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was \"proud\" of his country's role in overthrowing \"this brutal dictator\". ... |
573193a7a5e9cc1400cdc0ff | Who said something about tyranny? | Barack Obama | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nInternational reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that \"the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted,\" while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was \"proud\" of his country's role in overthrowing \"this brutal dictator\". ... |
57319432e6313a140071d0cc | Who was elected president of the GNC? | Mohammed Magariaf | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nFollowing his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took ove... |
57319432e6313a140071d0cd | Who was initially named prime minister by the GNC? | Mustafa A.G. Abushagur | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nFollowing his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took ove... |
57319432e6313a140071d0ce | Why did Mustafa A.G. Abushagur not become prime minister? | failed to gain congressional approval | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nFollowing his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took ove... |
57319432e6313a140071d0cf | Who did the GNC eventually make prime minister? | Ali Zeidan | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nFollowing his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took ove... |
57319432e6313a140071d0d0 | What official name did the GNC give to Libya? | State of Libya | [
"Muammar_Gaddafi\n\nFollowing his defeat in the civil war, Gaddafi's system of governance was dismantled and replaced under the interim government of the NTC, who legalised trade unions and freedom of the press. In July 2012, elections were held to form a new General National Congress (GNC), who officially took ove... |
572e7c43cb0c0d14000f11a6 | What is the official name of Cypus? | Republic of Cyprus | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572e7c43cb0c0d14000f11a7 | Where is Cyprus located? | Eastern Mediterranean Sea | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572e7c43cb0c0d14000f11a8 | What countries are nearby Cyprus? | Syria and Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572e7c43cb0c0d14000f11a9 | What is Cyprus' affiliation with the European Union? | member state | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572e7c43cb0c0d14000f11aa | Is Cyprus an island country or land-locked country? | island country | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572eaf3fcb0c0d14000f1477 | What does Cyprus rank in terms of size in the Mediterranean? | third largest | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572eaf3fcb0c0d14000f1478 | Which country is north of Cyprus? | Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and th... |
572e7cf003f98919007566a3 | What is the date of the earliest known human activity on Cyprus? | 10th millennium BC | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two wave... |
572e7cf003f98919007566a4 | What is Cyprus home to of? | the oldest water wells in the world | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two wave... |
572e7cf003f98919007566a5 | Who was Cyprus settled by in 2nd millennium BC? | Mycenaean Greeks | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two wave... |
572e7cf003f98919007566a6 | What empires have occupied Cyprus? | empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two wave... |
572e7cf003f98919007566a7 | When did Ottoman rule occur in Cyprus? | between 1571 and 1878 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia, and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world. Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two wave... |
572e7d9703f98919007566b5 | When was Cyprus placed under British administration? | 1878 | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and T... |
572e7d9703f98919007566b6 | What year was Cyprus annexed by Britain? | 1914 | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and T... |
572e7d9703f98919007566b7 | What year was Cyprus granted independence? | 1960 | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and T... |
572e7d9703f98919007566b8 | What year did the intercommunal violence between Greek and Cypriots occur? | 1963 | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and T... |
572e7d9703f98919007566b9 | How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the 11 year violence in 1963? | 25,000 | [
"Cyprus\n\nCyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and T... |
572e7e8503f98919007566c9 | The Republic of Cyprus does not have de jure sovereignty over what two British territories? | Akrotiri and Dhekelia | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two m... |
572e7e8503f98919007566ca | How many parts is the Republic of Cyprus partitioned into? | two main parts | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two m... |
572e7e8503f98919007566cb | How much area of the island does the Republic control? | 59% | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two m... |
572e7e8503f98919007566cc | The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is only recognized by what country? | Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two m... |
572e7e8503f98919007566cd | What does the international community consider the northern part of Cyprus? | territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two m... |
572e7f0adfa6aa1500f8d047 | During what Age did Cyprus experience two waves of Greek settlement? | late Bronze Age | [
"Cyprus\n\nDuring the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100... |
572e7f0adfa6aa1500f8d048 | Who did the first wave of Greek settlement consist of? | Mycenaean Greek traders | [
"Cyprus\n\nDuring the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100... |
572e7f0adfa6aa1500f8d049 | What year did Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus begin visiting Cyprus? | 1400 BC | [
"Cyprus\n\nDuring the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100... |
572e7f0adfa6aa1500f8d04a | Cyprus is the birthplace of what two Greek mythological figures? | Aphrodite and Adonis | [
"Cyprus\n\nDuring the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100... |
572e7f0adfa6aa1500f8d04b | Cyprus is home to which Greek mythological figures? | King Cinyras, Teucer and Pygmalion | [
"Cyprus\n\nDuring the late Bronze Age the island experienced two waves of Greek settlement. The first wave consisted of Mycenaean Greek traders who started visiting Cyprus around 1400 BC. A major wave of Greek settlement is believed to have taken place following the Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece from 1100... |
572e7f8003f98919007566db | In what year did James II die? | 1473 | [
"Cyprus\n\nFollowing the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Ve... |
572e7f8003f98919007566dc | Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II? | Republic of Venice | [
"Cyprus\n\nFollowing the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Ve... |
572e7f8003f98919007566dd | In what year did Venice formally annex the kingdom of Cyprus? | 1489 | [
"Cyprus\n\nFollowing the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Ve... |
572e7f8003f98919007566de | Which empire frequently raided Cyprus during Venetian rule? | Ottoman Empire | [
"Cyprus\n\nFollowing the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Ve... |
572e7f8003f98919007566df | In what year did the Ottomans destroy Limassol? | 1539 | [
"Cyprus\n\nFollowing the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Ve... |
572e7fd1cb0c0d14000f11ce | In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault? | 1570 | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the... |
572e7fd1cb0c0d14000f11cf | Ottoman forces massacred which types of people? | Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the... |
572e7fd1cb0c0d14000f11d0 | Turkish peasants and craftsman were brought to the island from where? | Anatolia | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the... |
572e8093cb0c0d14000f11f2 | What system did the Ottomans abolish in favor of the millet system? | feudal system | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot po... |
572e8093cb0c0d14000f11f3 | Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population? | head of the Church of Cyprus | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot po... |
572e8093cb0c0d14000f11f4 | Who was the Church of Cyprus hoping to end encroachments of? | Roman Catholic Church | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot po... |
572e8093cb0c0d14000f11f5 | How many years did Cyprus face of economic decline? | 250 years | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot po... |
572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fa | How many Muslims made up the island's population in 1777-78? | 47,000 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim popula... |
572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fb | How many Christians made up the island's population in 1777-78? | 37,000 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim popula... |
572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fc | What was the population of the island in 1872? | 144,000 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim popula... |
572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fd | In 1872 the island contained how many Muslims? | 44,000 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim popula... |
572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fe | In 1872 the island contained how many Christians? | 100,000 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim popula... |
572e8153c246551400ce4268 | What year did the Greek war of independence break out? | 1821 | [
"Cyprus\n\nAs soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, moder... |
572e8153c246551400ce4269 | How many Greek Cypriots were arrested and executed by the Ottoman governor of Cyprus? | 486 | [
"Cyprus\n\nAs soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, moder... |
572e8153c246551400ce426a | Who was modern Greece's first president? | Ioannis Kapodistrias | [
"Cyprus\n\nAs soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, moder... |
572e8153c246551400ce426b | What did Ioannis Kapodistrias call for? | union of Cyprus with Greece | [
"Cyprus\n\nAs soon as the Greek War of Independence broke out in 1821, several Greek Cypriots left for Greece to join the Greek forces. In response, the Ottoman governor of Cyprus arrested and executed 486 prominent Greek Cypriots, including the Archbishop of Cyprus, Kyprianos and four other bishops. In 1828, moder... |
572e8261c246551400ce4284 | The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country? | Britain | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the out... |
572e8261c246551400ce4285 | What years was the Famagusta harbour completed? | 1906 | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the out... |
572e8261c246551400ce4286 | Cyprus was a naval outpost which overlooked what canal? | Suez Canal | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the out... |
572e8261c246551400ce4287 | Which side did the Ottoman Empire join in World War 1? | Central Powers | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the out... |
572e833acb0c0d14000f1216 | Historically, the idea of enosis was part of which other idea? | Megali Idea | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, in... |
572e833acb0c0d14000f1217 | The Megali Idea was actively pursued by whom? | Cypriot Orthodox Church | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, in... |
572e833acb0c0d14000f1218 | What guerrilla organization was founded by religious officials and military officers? | Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA). | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, in... |
572e833acb0c0d14000f1219 | In what year decade did the pursuit of enosis become a part of national Greek policy? | 1950s | [
"Cyprus\n\nThe Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, in... |
572e83e5cb0c0d14000f121e | Initially Turkish Cypriots favoured the continued rule of what Western power? | British | [
"Cyprus\n\nInitially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in respon... |
572e83e5cb0c0d14000f121f | Who viewed themselves as a distinct ethnic group of the island of Cyprus? | Turkish Cypriots | [
"Cyprus\n\nInitially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in respon... |
572e83e5cb0c0d14000f1220 | What percentage of the population did Turkish Cypriots make up? | 20% | [
"Cyprus\n\nInitially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in respon... |
572e83e5cb0c0d14000f1221 | What slogan was frequently used in Turkish Cypriot protests? | "Partition or Death" | [
"Cyprus\n\nInitially, the Turkish Cypriots favoured the continuation of the British rule. However, they were alarmed by the Greek Cypriot calls for enosis as they saw the union of Crete with Greece, which led to the exodus of Cretan Turks, as a precedent to be avoided, and they took a pro-partition stance in respon... |
572e84dbcb0c0d14000f122e | In what year did the Church of Cyprus organize a referendum? | 1950 | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted a... |
572e84dbcb0c0d14000f122f | In 1946, the Greeks made up what percent of Cyprus' population? | 80.2% | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted a... |
572e84dbcb0c0d14000f1230 | In what year was the EOKA organization founded? | 1955 | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted a... |
572e84dbcb0c0d14000f1231 | What is the name of the policy that the British adopted? | "divide and rule" | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn January 1950, the Church of Cyprus organised a referendum under the supervision of clerics and with no Turkish Cypriot participation, where 96% of the participating Greek Cypriots voted in favour of enosis, The Greeks were 80.2% of the total island' s population at the time (census 1946). Restricted a... |
572e8556dfa6aa1500f8d08d | What is the date that Cyrpus attained independence? | 16 August 1960 | [
"Cyprus\n\nOn 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas... |
572e8556dfa6aa1500f8d08e | Which countries were part of the Zurich and London Agreement? | United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nOn 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas... |
572e8556dfa6aa1500f8d08f | What was Cyprus' total population when it gained independence? | 573,566 | [
"Cyprus\n\nOn 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas... |
572e8556dfa6aa1500f8d090 | What was the percentage of Greeks in the Cyprus population? | (77.1% | [
"Cyprus\n\nOn 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas... |
572e8556dfa6aa1500f8d091 | What was the percentage of Turks in the Cyprus population? | 18.2% | [
"Cyprus\n\nOn 16 August 1960, Cyprus attained independence after the Zürich and London Agreement between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey. Cyprus had a total population of 573,566; of whom 442,138 (77.1%) were Greeks, 104,320 (18.2%) Turks, and 27,108 (4.7%) others The UK retained the two Sovereign Base Areas... |
572e85cc03f9891900756723 | National militants had the support of what two countries? | Greece and Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nHowever, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkis... |
572e85cc03f9891900756724 | What was the goal of the Akritas plan? | reforming the constitution in favour of Greek Cypriots | [
"Cyprus\n\nHowever, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkis... |
572e85cc03f9891900756725 | Which president called for constitutional changes? | President Archbishop Makarios | [
"Cyprus\n\nHowever, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkis... |
572e85cc03f9891900756726 | Who rejected the constitutional changes proposed by President Archbishop Makarios? | Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nHowever, the division of power as foreseen by the constitution soon resulted in legal impasses and discontent on both sides, and nationalist militants started training again, with the military support of Greece and Turkey respectively. The Greek Cypriot leadership believed that the rights given to Turkis... |
572e86a903f989190075672b | In December of what year did intercommunal violence erupt? | 1963 | [
"Cyprus\n\nIntercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Tu... |
572e86a903f989190075672c | The violence beginning in 1963 resulted in the deaths of many Turks? | 364 | [
"Cyprus\n\nIntercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Tu... |
572e86a903f989190075672d | How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the violence? | 25,000-30, | [
"Cyprus\n\nIntercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Tu... |
572e86a903f989190075672e | Turkish Cypriots were prevented from doing what? | travelling and entering government buildings | [
"Cyprus\n\nIntercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Tu... |
572e874adfa6aa1500f8d0b1 | Who tried to invade Cyprus in 1964? | Turkey | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turk... |
572e874adfa6aa1500f8d0b2 | Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus? | Lyndon B. Johnson | [
"Cyprus\n\nIn 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turk... |
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