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strongly criticized the state-sanctioned, politically motivated crimes and violence during the period before and after the March 2002 presidential election and urged the Government to restore peace in the country. |
Since the 2000 parliamentary elections, church groups throughout the country gradually have become more vocal in their criticism of the Government for the continuation of politically motivated violence. In a |
July 30, 2001, address to regional Catholic bishops, President Mugabe stated that the Roman Catholic Church should support the Government's land acquisition program and criticized it for "equivocating in the |
face of racial injustice." In January 2002, Zimbabwe Council of Churches General-Secretary Denison Mafinyane severely criticized the Government for unleashing a "reign of terror" against innocent citizens. In a May |
5, 2002, address to the 10th Synod session of the Anglican Diocese of Manicaland, Bishop Sebastian Bakare criticized politicians who say there is peace in the country when citizens continue |
to suffer from political violence at the hands of ruling party supporters. In late 2000 and early 2001, Pius Ncube, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bulawayo, stayed in Germany for |
several months after receiving numerous death threats for writing public letters accusing the Government of fueling political violence and urging citizens to exercise their right to vote. The Vatican reportedly |
demanded that the Government take steps to ensure the Archbishop's safety. In 2000 Anglican priest Tim Neill of Harare received a death threat letter signed by Ngonidzashe Mutasa, the secretary |
general of the Revival of African Conscience, a previously unknown organization with no established following or platform. The police later apprehended Mutasa, who was tried and found guilty in September |
2000; however, Mutasa was released in October 2000 under a general presidential amnesty for politically motivated crimes. Father Neill left the priesthood in July 2001 after the Government forced him |
to resign as Vicar General of Harare and bypassed canonical law to install Norbert Kunonga, a staunch Mugabe supporter, as Anglican Bishop of Harare. Other priests reportedly have left the |
diocese because of Kunonga's sermons supporting Mugabe's reelection and the sometimes violent expulsion of mostly white commercial farmers from their land. In late February 2002, ZANU-PF supporters beat three Catholic |
priests, two Catholic nuns, and a Catholic brother in Zaka after they met with U.S. officials. The perpetrators said the fact that the religious figures had met with U.S. diplomats |
suggested they were opposition supporters. Although local ruling party officials later apologized to the victims, the perpetrators were not charged with any crime. Several prominent evangelical, Roman Catholic and Protestant |
bishops, however, did collaborate in an attempt to bring the ruling and opposition parties back to the negotiating table to re-start dialog aimed at resolving the country's political crisis during |
the period covered by this report. Another area of ecumenical collaboration has been translation of the Bible into the majority language, Shona. Several priests and ministers have worked on this |
project since 1987. Fambidzano, which means "walking together," is a relatively new grouping of indigenous churches. A South African Dutch Reformed Church theologian and social anthropologist, Inus Daneel, who has |
researched these churches in South Africa and Zimbabwe, founded the organization in the mid-1970's. Fambidzano was created to give the leaders of these churches more theological and biblical education, according |
to Daneel. There is little dialog between Fambidzano and the Catholic Church; however, the two organizations are discussing the need to work with the indigenous churches, to which many persons |
are turning because of their emphasis on physical healing and spiritual salvation. ZINATHA is an organization that represents traditional indigenous religions. The head of that organization is a university professor |
and vocal Anglican who is working to increase interreligious dialog between ZINATHA and mainstream Christian churches. In 2002 ZINATHA members formed the Traditional Medical Practitioners Council to certify and oversee |
traditional healers. There were continuing reports of tensions between mainstream Christian churches and practitioners of traditional indigenous religions. A notable feature of some of the indigenous churches is the acceptance |
of polygamy among some of its members. Sexual abuse, the spread of HIV/AIDS, and the avoidance of modern medicines also are growing problems within these churches. In addition leaders of |
the Christian churches reportedly opposed the repeal or modification of the WSA sought by practitioners of traditional indigenous religions. There were no reports of ritual murders associated with traditional religious |
practices during the period covered by this report, and the Government generally enforces the law against murder in the case of ritual murders. Gordon Chavanduka, chairman of ZINATHA, reportedly has |
stated that the black-market demand for human body parts used in making potions has increased greatly in recent years. During the period covered by this report, there were no reports |
that persons killed children for body parts for use in healing rituals associated with traditional religions. In 1999 Faber Chidarikire, a Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) official and mayor |
of the northern town of Chinhoyi, was charged with murdering a 13-year-old girl in 1987, but he was released on bail shortly thereafter following intervention by the Attorney General. Chidarikire |
was tried for the murder of the girl in June 2001, and on July 22, 2002 the High Court acquitted him. Section IV. U.S. Government Policy The U.S. Government discusses |
religious freedom issues with the Government in the context of its overall dialog and policy of promoting human rights. The U.S. Government further supports religious and other constitutionally protected freedoms |
through demarches to the Government; nondenominational financial support for community development projects, which often are associated with religious institutions; and regular dialog with and support for civil society organizations that |
advocate and monitor respect for human rights, including freedom of religion. The Embassy meets regularly with leaders of religious communities, including minority groups, and with nongovernmental organizations that work on |
A Geological Tour of Tumbledown Mountain On any given fine-weather day in any of the four seasons, Tumbledown Mountain in Township 6 North of Weld (Figure 1), is visited by scores of people; most in pursuit of the excellent views afforded by the bald peaks, and perhaps a few mistakenly seeking the solitude of a wildern... |
to look at the beautifully exposed bedrock here, over the course of an outing almost every visitor will develop some interest in the rocks if for no other reason than its near constant exposure along some of the popular summit trails. It is easy to guess the origin of the name "Tumbledown" simply by viewing the south s... |
the trails that lead to the summit. Cliffs of several hundred feet bear the scars, old and new, of rock slides that have left piles of rubble (talus) at their bases (Figure 2). Western Maine is underlain by a regular sequence of layered metamorphic rocks which began their existence as layers of sand and mud on the edge... |
million years ago. As these sediments accumulated over millions of years, through a number of processes they gradually hardened into sandstone and shale. During the last great mountain building event that helped form the northern Appalachians about 415 million years ago, these layers were folded, thrust upward, and hea... |
of rock, cooling into solid rock some distance below the surface. Hundreds of millions of years of erosion have now exposed the resulting granites and granodiorites at the surface of the earth. |Let's look at some examples of these rocks. Figure 3 is a photograph showing some of the thinner layers of schist and granofe... |
layers are quartz-feldspar granofels, and the darker layers are andalusite schist. Note that while each light layer begins with a very sharp boundary on the right, there is only a gradual change to the corresponding dark layer on the left. This is a characteristic carried over from the sedimentary origins of the rock a... |
formed this rock were deposited, the actions of water flow were such that the coarser sand grains (quartz and feldspar) fell to the bottom first, followed by progressively smaller grains. Deposited last during each sedimentary event were very small grains of clay, before the next slug of sediment came down and the proc... |
originally up in the layers. This is important in determining which are the younger rocks in a sequence. Through the process of metamorphism, the quartz and feldspar grains changed little, but the clay grains changed into a variety of minerals including micas, staurolite, and andalusite, the coarsest grains in the rock... |
to fine as one moved from right to left in each bed, the grain size change of the metamorphic minerals is just the opposite. There is a good deal of variability in the thickness of layers at Tumbledown. Figure 4 shows some of the most striking layering exposed near the summit. In many places the layers are several feet... |
of feet. In several places on the mountain, large folds are exposed. One of the best examples is between Tumbledown Pond and the eastern summit of Tumbledown Mountain (Figure 5). These folds developed at the time the northern Appalachians were forming, when the rocks today at the surface were at considerable depth and ... |
all directions. Both sides (limbs) of the fold are inclined in the same direction in what geologists term an overturned Some who have ventured to Tumbledown have interpreted the shape of the mountain and the pond nestled among the peaks to be volcanic in origin. While this certainly is an exciting idea, it simply isn't... |
in a sedimentary basin and are not at all volcanic in nature. The landscape or topography is also not of volcanic origin but formed through the interaction of several processes. |The first important factor in defining the topography is the nature of the bedrock, here composed of metamorphic rocks and granite intrusions... |
is the ring of mountains the completely encircle Webb Lake to the south (Figure 6). Webb Lake is underlain by granite while the ring of mountains is underlain by metamorphic rocks. In particular, these metamorphic rocks were subjected to even greater heat as the originally molten granite was intruded into them. One con... |
granite are slightly more resistant to erosion than any of the other rocks. Granite, with its large crystals and abundant feldspar, is actually fairly susceptible to erosion. The result of all this is the ring of mountains underlain by metamorphic rocks, and the basin of Webb Lake, underlain by easily eroded granite. A... |
model of the landscape which illustrates this ring of mountains well. |The greatest agent of erosion is the glaciers which swept over the landscape just a few tens of thousands of years ago and represent the second most important factor in defining the topography. As the glaciers progressed across the landscape in a so... |
erodable rock units and deeply gouged the earth in the more erodable rock units. Due to the complex processes of glacial flow, in many places the glaciers polished the northern slopes of mountains into rounded shapes, while they plucked broken rock without any polishing on the southern slopes of mountains. This is read... |
are well polished, and there are numerous knobs with smoothly rounded surfaces facing north and steep, unrounded surfaces facing south (see Figure 4). Tumbledown Pond itself (Figure 7) was produced by this gouging and plucking action. In many places on the summit, scratches formed by rocks imbedded in the base of the g... |
whence the |Many trails (Figure 8) provide free public access to the summit and Tumbledown Pond through the auspices and stewardship of the Hancock Timber Resources Group, Inc. Originally published on the web as the April 1998 Site of the Month. Last updated on April 19, 2012 |
Millions of Americans travel abroad each year. Safety should be a prime consideration for anyone traveling outside the United States. There are certain precautions that travelers can take to improve their safety while abroad. Motor vehicle safety while traveling Injuries |
from motor vehicle crashes pose the greatest risk of injury to international travelers, according to the CDC. The risk of death from motor vehicle crashes is many times higher in other countries than in the U.S. Inadequate roadway design, hazardous |
conditions, lack of appropriate vehicles and vehicle maintenance, unskilled or inexperienced drivers, inattention to pedestrians and cyclists, and impairment due to alcohol and drugs all contribute to the increased risk of being involved in a vehicle-related crash while visiting other |
countries. Important safety measures you can take include the following: Request a vehicle with safety belts and use them. Inspect cars and trucks to make sure that tires, windshield wipers, brakes, and headlights are in good condition. Request a vehicle |
equipped with air bags, where available. Avoid nonessential night driving, alcohol, and riding with persons under the influence of alcohol. Sit in the back seat, whenever possible, to minimize the risk of death if an accident should occur. Bring a |
car safety seat when traveling with young children. Use a safety helmet when riding a bicycle or motorcycle. Avoiding animal- or insect-associated hazards In areas where rabies is endemic (constantly present), domestic dogs, cats, or other animals should not be |
petted. Wild animals should always be avoided. Bites and stings from insects can cause unpleasant reactions, and medical attention should be sought immediately for any bite or sting that causes redness, swelling, bruising, or persistent pain. Take extra precautions when |
camping or staying in rustic or primitive areas by using insect repellents, protective clothing, and mosquito netting. Poisonous snakes are another hazard in certain parts of the world, although death from snake bites are rare. Never attempt to handle, harass, |
or kill a snake because bites often occur as a snake's defensive reaction. Avoiding swimming hazards For infectious disease prevention, only swimming pools that contain chlorinated water are considered safe for swimming. Swimming in contaminated water can result in skin, |
eye, ear, and certain intestinal infections. In certain areas, a fatal form of encephalitis has occurred after swimming in warm, dirty water. Other infectious diseases can develop from swimming in freshwater streams, canals, and lakes. To avoid drowning accidents, avoid |
Pancreatic carcinoma is cancer of the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer; Cancer - pancreas Causes, incidence, and risk factors The pancreas is a large organ located behind the stomach. It makes and releases enzymes into the intestines that help the body absorb |
foods, especially fats. Hormones called insulin and glucagon, which help your body control blood sugar levels, are made in special cells in the pancreas called islet cells. Tumors can also occur in these cells, but they are called islet cell |
tumors. The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is unknown. It is more common in: - People with diabetes - People with long-term inflammation of the pancreas (chronic pancreatitis) Pancreatic cancer is slightly more common in women than in men. The |
risk increases with age. A small number of cases are related to genetic syndromes that are passed down through families. A tumor or cancer in the pancreas may grow without any symptoms at first. This means pancreatic cancer is often |
advanced when it is first found. Early symptoms of pancreatic cancer include: - Dark urine and clay-colored stools - Fatigue and weakness - Jaundice (a yellow color in the skin, mucus membranes, or eyes) - Loss of appetite and weight |
loss - Nausea and vomiting - Pain or discomfort in the upper part of the belly or abdomen Other possible symptoms are: Signs and tests This disease may also affect the results of the following tests: Because pancreatic cancer is |
often advanced when it is first found, very few pancreatic tumors can be removed by surgery. The standard surgical procedure is called a pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). This surgery should be done at centers that perform the procedure often. Some studies |
suggest that surgery is best performed at hospitals that do more than five of these surgeries per year. When the tumor has not spread out of the pancreas but cannot be removed, radiation therapy and chemotherapy together may be recommended. |
When the tumor has spread (metastasized) to other organs such as the liver, chemotherapy alone is usually used. The standard chemotherapy drug is gemcitabine, but other drugs may be used. Gemcitabine can help about 25% of patients. Patients whose tumor |
cannot be totally removed, but who have a blockage of the tubes that transport bile (biliary obstruction) must have that blockage relieved. There are two approaches: - Placement of a tiny metal tube (biliary stent) during ERCP Managing pain and |
other symptoms is an important part of treating advanced pancreatic cancer. Palliative care tams and hospice can help with pain and symptom management, and provide psychological support for patients and their families during the illness. You can ease the stress |
of illness by joining a support group with members who share common experiences and problems (see cancer - support group). Some patients with pancreatic cancer that can be surgically removed are cured. However, in more than 80% of patients the |
tumor has already spread and cannot be completely removed at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy and radiation are often given after surgery to increase the cure rate (this is called adjuvant therapy). For pancreatic cancer that cannot be removed completely |
with surgery, or cancer that has spread beyond the pancreas, a cure is not possible and the average survival is usually less than 1 year. Such patients should consider enrolling in a clinical trial (a medical research study to determine |
the best treatment). Ninety-five percent of the people diagnosed with this cancer will not be alive 5 years later. - Blood clots - Liver problems - Weight loss Calling your health care provider Call for an appointment with your health |
care provider if you have: - Abdominal pain that does not go away - Back pain - Loss of appetite - Unexplained fatigue or weight loss - Other symptoms of this disorder - If you smoke, stop smoking. - Eat |
a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. - Exercise regularly. National Cancer Institute. Pancreatic cancer treatment PDQ. Updated August 13, 2010. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 2011. Version 2.2011. Tempero M, Brand |
R. Pancreatic cancer. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2011:chap 200. David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Uniersity of Washington School of Medicine; and |
Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of |
any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute |
Working out when to exercise in the cold and flu season Is exercising outside in winter months a good idea? ( Erik Unger, Chicago Tribune / February 11, 2013) Health and fitness experts advise to starve a fever of exercise. But feeding a cold moderately, with a brisk walk, may |
not be a bad idea. "The classic line from every sports medicine doctor is, âIf you can do it, do it. If you can't, don't,'" said Dr. Lewis G. Maharam, author of "Running Doc's Guide to Healthy Running." Usually if symptoms are confined to above the neck, exercising is OK, |
he explained. But if you're running a fever of 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius) or higher, skip it. Body heat rises during exercise due to increased metabolism, explained Maharam, who practices medicine in New York City. If you start high, your body's way of cooling you down is out |
of balance. "If fever gets too high, you break down proteins, maybe in the kidneys or liver," he said. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that more than 425 million case of colds and flu occur annually in the United States. The average person has about three |
respiratory infections per year. Dr. David C. Nieman, a professor of health sciences at Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, said research shows that regular, moderate aerobic exercise strengthens the immune system, and that people who exercise report fewer colds than their inactive peers. Niem... |
more of aerobic activity per week was found to be a powerful factor in lowering the number of sick days. "Even three to four days was effective. To be avoided was being sedentary," he explained. But when animals infected with a systemic virus are forced to exercise in fever and |
pain, studies show that their symptoms are exacerbated, prolonged, and sometimes life-threatening. "It's very dangerous." said Nieman, who has written about the impact of exercise on the common cold. "If you have flu or virus with fever and pain, the best remedy is bed rest. The worst thing is to |
sweat it out with exercise." He said common cold and flu viruses can stay on objects, such as door handles, treadmills and computer keyboards, for hours. The main route to infection is through touching one's mouth or nose with unwashed hands. Patrick Strait, of Snap Fitness, a franchiser of gyms |
with locations worldwide, said this time of year fitness centers step up cleaning efforts because they see a lot more traffic and so many people catch colds and the flu. "It's a public place where a lot of people are sweating," said Strait. "We tell manager/owners to clean once an |
hour, wash down the equipment with bleach, etc." He urged clients to wipe down equipment and wash hands often. "And if you're sick, don't come to the gym," he said. Jessica Matthews, an exercise physiologist with the American Council on Exercise, said some days symptoms dictate scaling back your workout |
or, if you're contagious, skipping the gym entirely. "Always listen to your body," she said. "It might be a good idea to exercise at home or privately." Nieman said that while moderate exercise strengthens the immune system, elite athletes will experience a rise in stress hormones and a dip in |
immunity after about 90 minutes of high-intensity activity. Maharam said the immunity of marathoners is decreased for up to 72 hours after a race. During that time, the athletes are more susceptible to colds, flu, and, most commonly, the so-called "marathon sniffles." He said symptoms usually subside within 48 hours. |
"At the end of a race, when you're all sweaty and they're all sweaty, you don't need to be hugging and kissing people," Maharam said. "Your immune system isn't as strong as it was." (Editing by Patricia Reaney and Xavier Briand) |
23 knock-out native plants Incorporating plants native to your climate means less water, less maintenance, and more wildlife. Here are our top picks around the West Native to: California and southern Oregon To about 1 ft. high, 10 in. wide. Rosettes of narrow, fleshy, evergreen leaves bear 10-in. stems topped |
by large, extremely showy clusters of 1-in. white or pink flowers often striped with rose or red. Blooms from spring to early summer. Lewisia cotyledon howellii is similar but has wavy-edged leaves and somewhat larger flowers. Prune out side growth to maintain air circulation around root crown. Can be grown |
The purpose of this section is to provide a broad overview of the methodology used to construct the four separate Indices of Deprivation. Those wishing to access more detailed information should follow the links to the Indices' technical reports shown in the 'Useful links' section. The methodologies used to derive the ... |
each case, the index measures the level of multiple deprivation experienced by individuals in small areas. Firstly, levels of deprivation are measured for a number of separate dimensions or 'domains'. The number and title of domains varies between each index but each measures deprivation across key themes of income, em... |
to a series of summary statistics or 'indicators'. These indicators are designed to measure key features of a particular deprivation theme. The choice of indicators is agreed through consultation and varies between each index. Typically there are between two and six indicators per domain. For each index, the indicators... |
level measure of deprivation. Where possible and most notably in the income and employment domains, indicators are summed and divided by the 'at risk population' (for example, the number of income support claimants as a proportion of the total population) to give an overall area rate of deprivation. Where rates are not... |
single deprivation score are selected using a range of techniques including Maximum Likelihood factor analysis. The domain level scores which represent specific dimensions of deprivation are then ranked and transformed to an exponential distribution. Weights are then applied to provide the overall Index of Multiple Dep... |
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