text stringlengths 59 1.12k |
|---|
get it and your overall health. To understand how a tracheostomy works, it helps to understand how your airways work. The airways carry oxygen-rich air to your lungs. They also |
carry carbon dioxide, a waste gas, out of your lungs. The airways include your: Air enters your body through your nose or mouth. The air travels through your voice box |
and down your windpipe. The windpipe splits into two bronchi that enter your lungs. (For more information, go to the Health Topics How the Lungs Work article.) A tracheostomy provides |
another way for oxygen-rich air to reach your lungs, besides going through your nose or mouth. A breathing tube, also called a trach (trake) tube, is put through the tracheostomy |
and directly into the windpipe to help you breathe. Doctors use tracheostomies for many reasons. One common reason is to help people who need to be on ventilators (VEN-til-a-tors) for |
more than a couple of weeks. Ventilators are machines that support breathing. If you have a tracheostomy, the trach tube connects to the ventilator. People who have conditions that interfere |
with coughing or block the upper airways also may need tracheostomies. Coughing is a natural reflex that protects the lungs. It helps clear mucus (a slimy substance) and bacteria from |
the airways. A trach tube can be used to help remove, or suction, mucus from the airways. Doctors also might recommend tracheostomies for people who have swallowing problems due to |
strokes or other conditions. Creating a tracheostomy is a fairly common, simple procedure. It's one of the most common procedures for critical care patients in hospitals. The windpipe is located |
almost directly under the skin of the neck. So, a surgeon often can create a tracheostomy quickly and easily. The procedure usually is done in a hospital operating room. However, |
it also can be safely done at a patient's bedside. Less often, a doctor or emergency medical technician may do the procedure in a life-threatening situation, such as at the |
scene of an accident or other emergency. As with any surgery, complications can occur, such as bleeding, infection, and other serious problems. The risks often can be reduced with proper |
care and handling of the tracheostomy and the tubes and other related supplies. Some people continue to need tracheostomies even after they leave the hospital. Hospital staff will teach patients |
and their families or caregivers how to properly care for their tracheostomies at home. The NHLBI updates Health Topics articles on a biennial cycle based on a thorough review of |
research findings and new literature. The articles also are updated as needed if important new research is published. The date on each Health Topics article reflects when the content was |
Thursday June 14 2012 "Diesel exhaust fumes cause cancer": official WHO report The Daily Mail reports a World Health Organization (WHO) warning that diesel exhaust fumes are a “major cancer risk” and belong in the “same deadly category as asbestos, arsenic and mustard gas”. Meanwhile the BBC says that diesel |
fumes are “definitely a cause of lung cancer”. This widely reported news is based on a decision by the WHO to classify diesel exhausts as a cause of cancer. The decision was taken by the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a panel of experts that co-ordinates and |
conducts research into the causes of cancer, and develops cancer control strategies. Under its classification scheme, diesel exhaust was previously categorised as “probably carcinogenic”. The agency now says there is now sufficient evidence that exposure to diesel fumes causes lung cancer. It is calling for exposure to... |
be reduced worldwide. While diesel fumes are now officially carcinogenic, the alarmist tone of the Daily Mail’s headline should be viewed with caution because the ‘deadly category’ of substances the Mail describes also includes sunlight and wood dust. What is diesel and is it used much in the UK? Diesel |
oil is a complex mixture of chemicals, mainly distilled from crude oil, although vegetable oil and similar sources can be used to make ‘biodiesel’. It is used as fuel for diesel internal combustion engines, which use compressed hot air to ignite fuel (petrol engines have a spark plug to ignite |
the fuel). Worldwide, diesel oil is widely used as a fuel in diesel-powered cars, lorries, trains, aircraft, ships and heavy industry. It is regarded as more efficient than petroleum, resulting in lower fuel consumption. WHO says that many people are exposed to diesel exhaust in everyday life, both through their |
occupations and in the ambient air. As of 2007, just over 50% of all new car sales in the UK were diesel, according to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. In 2004, approximately 700 litres (150 gallons) of diesel was sold every second in the UK, according to a |
report by the Health Protection Agency (HPA). The amount of pollutants from diesel exhaust fumes, in particular its sulphur content, have been reduced over the last few years, and engines on newer cars are designed to burn fuel more efficiently, reducing emissions. However, the IARC says it is not yet |
clear how these improvements translate into any changes in the impact of diesel fumes on human health. Existing fuels and older unmodified vehicles will take years to replace, particularly in less developed countries where regulations are less stringent, the IARC says. What is the WHO’s classification scheme? The WHO c... |
the cancer-causing potential of various substances into four groups, depending on the evidence available in both humans and other animals: - Group 1 is used when a substance causes cancer in humans - Group 2A is used when a substance ‘probably’ causes cancer in humans - Group 2B is used |
when a substance ‘possibly’ causes cancer in humans - Group 3 is used when a substance is not classifiable in terms of its cancer-causing properties in humans because the evidence is inadequate - Group 4 is used when a substance is ‘probably not’ a cause of cancer in humans What |
is the WHO now saying about diesel fumes and cancer? Since 1988, diesel oil fumes have been classified by the IARC as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’. This category is used when there is some, limited evidence that a substance causes cancer in humans, but sufficient evidence it causes cancer in |
experimental animals. However, the IARC has now reclassified diesel engine exhaust as ‘carcinogenic’ (group 1 on the list above). This category is used when there is sufficient evidence that a substance causes cancer in humans. The IARC says there is sufficient evidence that diesel exhaust is a cause of lung |
cancer. It is also associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, although the evidence for the latter is more limited. Why has the advice changed? The WHO says there has been mounting concern in recent years about the cancer-causing potential of diesel engine exhaust, based on findings from epidemiological |
studies of workers exposed to diesel fumes. In particular, it cites a large cohort study, published in March this year, of occupational exposure to diesel exhaust in 12,315 US miners. The study was run by the US National Cancer Institute and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It |
found that exposure to diesel exhaust increased the risk of dying from lung cancer (1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.44). A further case-control study, undertaken in this group (comparing 198 miners who had died from lung cancer with 562 miners who were alive at the time the ‘case’ died), |
found that the risk of lung cancer in these workers increased with the length of time they were exposed to diesel fumes. Although these studies were in workers who had been heavily exposed to diesel fumes, the WHO points out that studies of other carcinogens, such as radon, indicate that |
initial research showing a risk in heavily exposed populations, are later found to be a risk for the general population. It says that action to reduce exposure to diesel exhaust fumes should encompass both highly exposed workers and the general population. Are diesel fumes really as dangerous as asbestos and |
mustard gas? Under the IARC classification scheme, diesel fumes now fall into the same category as all other known carcinogens (of which there are over 100 listed). These include: - tobacco smoke (both first and secondhand) - mustard gas - Chinese salted fish - vinyl chloride - wood dust The |
WHO does not specify the level of risk posed by different carcinogens, or the risk posed by different levels of exposure. However, for most carcinogens, the higher the exposure, the greater the risk of cancer. Dr Christopher Portier, chair of the IARC working group, said that while the scientific evidence |
that diesel oil exhaust caused lung cancer was ‘compelling’, the impact on the wider population who are exposed to diesel fumes at much lower levels and for shorter periods of time, is unknown. Newspaper readers of a nervous disposition may want to consider the above facts when considering the risk |
By Tom Boyle All Things Birds Associate Naturalist |Natco Lake was created by accident, rather than by Mother Nature. The National Fireproofing Company (Natco) mined clay here for bricks in the 1930's. Eventually the mining equipment hit underground springs and the lake filled in. A ditch was dug in an |
attempt to drain off the water into a nearby tidal creek. The ditching brought in salt water and made the lake brackish, as it remains today. Birding the northern section of the lake: Walk east along the Henry Hudson Trail and over a small bridge. Eastern Phoebe has nested under |
this bridge. After the bridge, turn right off the paved trail and then left. Follow the unpaved trail a short distance to a small tidal cove in the lake. On a changing tide, Yellow-crowned Night Heron is regularly seen. Both night herons nest locally and can be seen frequently. Occasionally, |
Diamond-backed Terrapins are seen basking on flotsam in the cove. Continue on the unpaved trail until it ends at a lawn on the lake's north side. Scan the lake here. Shorebirds can be found in migration, along with herons, Osprey, gulls, cormorants, terns, and waterfowl. Great Black-backed Gull has begun |
nesting on one of the islands in the lake. Don't be surprised to see something unusual. An American White Pelican was seen on the lake in January about five years ago. I've seen American Oystercatcher, Black Skimmer, and copulating Least Terns sitting on the island in front of you. This |
is a good spot to check for lingering waterfowl at World Series of Birding time [mid-May]. Northern Shoveler has been seen in late May, Canvasback in late June and a drake Bufflehead has lingered here into July! Rough-winged Swallows and Belted Kingfishers have nested in the dirt banks around the |
lake and are often seen. The woods along the Henry Hudson Trail are good for migrants in spring. In recent years I've seen (and heard) Acadian, Alder, and Olive-sided Flycatchers; Gray-cheeked Thrush; Mourning and Brewster's Warblers; Yellow-breasted Chat; and Lincoln's and White-crowned Sparrows. Fall is equally good,... |
is regular at that time of year. If you walk the trail a little more than a quarter mile to the next bridge, look north along Thorne's Creek for Purple Martins, which now nest in houses provided by a homeowner here. Birding the southern section of the lake: Natco Park, |
a 260-acre Green Acres site managed by Hazlet Township, consists of mature swampy woods excellent in spring for migrants. From the Lakeside Manor restaurant parking lot, walk down the Orange Trail near the lake and into the woods. Philadelphia Vireo has been seen here in late May. The mature oaks |
along this trail can have Bay-breasted, Tennessee, and Cape May Warblers. A knowledge of bird song will be helpful here as the vegetation is thick. The trail turns left and follows the shoreline, eventually coming to a small cove (1 on map) where Spotted Sandpipers are seen. At the south |
end of the cove, the trail (now the Red Trail) turns southeasterly into the woods. A small footbridge crosses over a little ripple called Thorne's Creek. Here the understory is again very thick. In this area in spring I've seen such sought-after migrants as Yellow-throated Vireo; Louisiana Waterthrush; and Worm-Eating, |
Prothonotary, Hooded, and Kentucky Warblers. Continue south along the Red Trail. As you approach another footbridge, the Blue Trail comes in from the right. Follow it a short way to an area with standing water in spring (2). Check this spot for Rusty Blackbird and Northern Waterthrush. Back on the |
main Red Trail, continue south. The trail gains elevation, leading into an area of pitch pine habitat (3). Pine Warbler nests and Whip-poor-will has been found here. Retrace your steps back along the trail to the cove at the lake. Facing the cove, take the part of the Red Trail |
that leads left [west] away from the lake. The mature deciduous woods along the trail have nesting Wood Thrush, Ovenbird, and Red-eyed Vireo. This trail eventually comes to a T intersection with the Yellow Trail. Turn left onto the Yellow Trail, which will gain elevation until it arrives at another |
T intersection. Turn right on the unmarked trail and walk slowly to a small opening in the forest. In spring the vernal pond here (4) holds the occasional Solitary Sandpiper. Roosting above the pond in spring I've seen Broad-winged and Red-shouldered Hawks. Continuing along this trail will lead through several |
wet areas with second-growth woodland. Prairie, Mourning, and Wilson's Warblers have been seen here, and Brown Thrashers nest in this area. Return to the last T, and turn left to retrace your route along the Yellow Trail. Pass the intersection with the Red Trail and continue straight ahead on the |
Yellow Trail to reach the parking lot. Raptors are very much in evidence in the Natco Lake area in spring as northbound hawks bump up against the bayshore. On west winds, hawk flights can be seen over the park right from the parking lot. These flights consist mostly of buteos, |
with vultures, accipiters, and the occasional Bald Eagle mixed in. Mississippi Kite and Common Raven were seen over the park in Spring 2012. Additional breeding birds in the park include Scarlet Tanager, Great-crested Flycatcher, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Cooper's Hawk, and Great Horned and Screech Owls. Northern Saw-... |
winter. Mammals in the park include Whitetail Deer, Opossum, Raccoon, Striped Skunk, flying squirrel and both Red and Gray Fox. With its mix of deciduous swamp and upland pine oak forest, Natco is also very botanically diverse. Natco's mix of habitat, along with its location on the bayshore, makes it |
a great place to discover birds. For more information on the park, including a more complete trail map, write to the Hazlet Environmental Commission at 317 Middle Road, Hazlet, NJ 07730. |
territory libraries designed to find, collect and preserve access to historic newspapers. National spokeswoman for the ANPlan, Cathy Pilgrim, of the National Library of Australia, said newspapers did not just report the news. They told stories of their times, through advertisements, photographs and even their design – ... |
to save for all Australians. “The aim is to find the thousands of missing pieces in the jigsaw of our history,” she said. “Old newspapers are an important part of our social, political and cultural history and they offer valuable insights into a society changed forever. Some of Australia’s most |
someone’s garage, in an elderly person’s collection of keepsakes, or even in the vaults of a local historical society or archive,” Ms Pilgrim said. Once the wanted newspapers have been tracked down, they will be carefully saved to ensure their preservation for future generations of Australians. Access will be made |
College life involves excitement, along with new challenges, risks, and responsibilities. You are meeting new people, learning new things, and making your own decisions. It can sometimes be stressful. You have to deal with pressures related to food, drink, appearance, drugs, and sexual activity. There are steps you can... |
- online helpsearch for term 1. An electronic documentation file formatted according to the requirements of the destination operating system. Help files generally contain short instructions about how to perform certain features. They generally have fewer graphics than printed or electronic books of the same material. H... |
needed to the screen window dimensions, and make heavy use of hypertext linking, pop-up boxes, and so forth. Help files are context-sensitive, which means that you can jump to a specific topic within the help file directly from the applications dialog and menu interface, etc. |
Did you ever stop to consider just how a volcano works? Of course it is only theory for no one has as yet dissected a volcano while it was active to observe and tabulate the reactions of its inner self. Rainier is a volcanic cone and no doubt it came into being in this manner. First at a depth below |
the surface of the earth in some long, forgotten time the magma or molten rock presed toward the surface possibly throuhg some fracture in the outer crust. With these rising lavas there was also much gas that advanced ahead of the lava and thus both the gas and the lava pressed toward the surface gradually accumulating... |
the pressure as its advance was hindered by the solid material above. And then finally this flow of motlen rock and gases achieved enogh power to burst through the surface. First, possibly, there was an explosive action as the gases burst upward and this was followed by more quiet flows of the lavas that welled out ove... |
inundated, in succeeding eruptions and lava flows, over 100 square miles of surrounding country which is the area of "The Mountain's" great base. And in that manner eruptions followed one another when the pressure within the throat of this fire mountain achieved enough power to burst through the "plug" of hardened lava... |
LESSON PLANS AND TIMES MATERIALS FOR TEACHING: The Academy Awards The Film Industry Film in Language Arts Film in Social Studies/History Film in Fine Arts Technology in Film Lessons on these pages are for grades 6-12, written in consultation with |
Bank Street College of Education. Each one is paired with a Times article. Learning Network Features Selected Times Articles on Film Adaptations Resources on the Web LESSONS ON THE ACADEMY AWARDS: The Envelope, Please Investigating the Cultural Context of Oscar-Winning |
Films in the Past and Present And the Oscar Goes to... Examining and Creating Criteria for Oscar-Worthy Films And the Winner Is... Exploring the Role of the Academy Awards and Film in American Society LESSONS ON THE FILM INDUSTRY: Creating |
Film Festivals that Inform and Entertain Audiences The Sundance Kids Exploring What Makes the Independent Film Industry So Attractive to So Many The Raid on Raters Exploring the Current Movie Rating System Minding the Media Examining Ethical Questions About Media |
Rating Systems The Reel World Exploring the Appropriateness of Movies for Children Considering the Costs of Making Movies Fit to Be Tied (In) Examining How Companies Target the Right Audiences Old Hobbits Are Hard to Break Learning About the Marketing |
of Motion Pictures on the Web LESSONS ON AND WITH FILMMAKING: Quiet on the Set! Exploring Character and Conflict Development by Creating Short Films Drawing Upon Successful Elements of the "Harry Potter" Series to Develop Short Films Producing a Documentary |
Film Spotlighting the Everyday Sights and Sounds of a School Creating Documentaries About Students' Everyday Lives Through the Eyes of a Child Creating Documentaries from the Perspectives of Adolescents Creating Documentaries About Important Social Issues Creating a Documentary about Rituals |
Related to Books Creating Biographical Films for Current Political Candidates' Campaigns More Power to You Creating Documentaries About Energy Sources Exploring the Pacific Rim by Writing Documentary Film Treatments LESSONS USING FILM IN LANGUAGE ARTS: Writing Movie Reviews Screening the |
Silver Screen Writing New York Times Movie Reviews Exploring Plot Similarities in Fiction and Nonfiction Stories Constructing Movie Sets Through Descriptive Writing The Battle of Good and Evil on the Big Screen A Media Studies Lesson Plan If I Could |
Talk Like the Animals. . . Teaching Personification and Narrative Writing in the Language Arts Classroom The Sorcerers Shown Comparing Similar Character Genres in Literature and Film Talk About the Passion Creating an Educational Guide to Encourage Critical Thinking about |
the Film "The Passion of Christ" Creating Vocabulary-Rich Advertisements to Recognize Glover's Contribution to "Happy Feet" Analyzing Similarities and Differences Among the Live, Film and Written Versions of Tony Award Winning Productions LESSONS USING FILM IN SOCIAL STUDIES/HISTORY: Tell Me |
Something Good Analyzing Moviegoers' Preferences in an Economic Recession Golden Globe as Gauge Exploring How Hollywood Reflects the American Political and Cultural Climate Is All Cinema Verité? Exploring the Relationship Between Movies and Culture Los Artistas Unidos Exploring Questions of |
Diversity in the Casting of Actors for Popular Television Shows and Movies Exploring Legislation About Violence in the Media Making Sense of Censorship Clarifying Rating Systems for Entertainment Let There Be Peace Exploring the Accomplishments of Nobel Peace Prize Recipients |
A Woman's Worth Examining the Changing Roles of Women in Cultures Around the World LESSONS USING FILM IN FINE ARTS: Setting the Stage from the Page Creating Original Artwork that Transforms Text to the Big Screen The Art of Violence |
Creating Original Works of Art That Explore the Depiction of Violence Lyrics of Hazzard Updating Classic Music for a Movie Soundtrack State of the Art Identifying the Merits of a Favorite Work of Art LESSONS ON TECHNOLOGY IN FILM: Exploring |
Plausible Inventions for Make-Believe Movies The New Fant-"Asia" Contrasting Animated and Live-Action Filmmaking Actors and Actresses Screen Actors Guild Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Sundance Film Festival Tribeca Film Festival LEARNING NETWORK FEATURES: Student Crossword: Oscar-Winning Films News |
Snapshot: Best of the Bunch News Snapshot: Hopeful Hollywood News Snapshot: Pop + Art = Oscar? News Snapshot: Holy Box Office, Batman! News Snapshot: And the Nominees Are … Times Movies Section Times Critics' Picks Times Reviews archive The Best |
1,000 Movies Ever Made Blog: The Carpetbagger Interactive Graphic: The Ebb and Flow of Movies: Box Office Receipts 1986-2008 SELECTED TIMES ARTICLES ON FILM ADAPTATIONS: All Right, You Try: Adaptation Isn't Easy Article by screenwriter Stephen Schiff on the challenges |
of adapting source material for film, including Susan Orlean's "The Orchid Thief," which became the Charlie Kaufman film "Adaptation." Can a Film Do Justice to Literature? Article about arguments over whether or not ''good literature is too substantial to fit |
through the lens of a camera.'' The Best Novelists, The Worst Movie Adaptations Article about how great novels don't necessarily translate into great films. Any Novel Can Be Shaped Into a Movie Article on how some film adaptations, such as |
the one of "The English Patient," are as artistic as the novels they are based on. Cuddling Up to Quasimodo and Friends Article on film adaptations that are not true to their source material. Is It Time To Trust Hollywood? |
1990 essay by Molly Haskell that takes a broad look at Hollywood's history of book-to-movie adaptations. Seen the Movie? Read the Book! 1987 essay by John Updike about adapting literature for film. Adapting and Revising Twain's 'Huck Finn' 1986 essay |
by book critic Michiko Kakutani on the difficulties of adapting Twain. 2008 essay by Sophie Gee about adaptations of "Beowulf" and "Paradise Lost." Romancing the Book…Once Again 1992 article about Hollywood's interest in literary classics. RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Scenarios |
USA holds an annual topical writing contest to pair student screenwriters in underserved communities with Hollywood filmmakers, who turn the students' stories into short films. The Scenarios USA Web site includes materials for teachers. Teacher's Guide to Making Student Movies |
From Scholastic Teaching Resources, designed for grades 3-12. Mini Movie Makers Resource for student filmmakers, developed by three young brothers. MORE RESOURCES FOR TEACHING WITH THE TIMES: Learning Network classroom resources on a wide range of topics. |
who come together to pursue joint goals or common interests; venues for social action through exchange and mutual learning; sustained through some form of communication; committed to a jointly developed structure and shared responsibility; and they are based on member-ownership and commitment to shared objectives and m... |
Falcon researcher Dr Donna Falconer (photographed by a motion-activated camera) uses a walking pole to protect herself from attacking falcons, at Ferintosh Station, near Mt Cook. Photo supplied. There is no room for complacency over the future of the endangered New Zealand falcon, researcher and falcon advocate Dr Donn... |
PhD in geology, and has had her distinctive name since birth, swiftly found herself inspired by a series of close encounters with New Zealand falcons after moving to Twizel six years ago. Her subsequent research and close-up photography involving falcons will feature in a talk she will give at the Orokonui Ecosanctuary... |
seriously considering going back to Otago University to study for another PhD, on these birds. It was a good time to be raising awareness about the karearea or New Zealand falcon, as the latest season's fledglings were ''starting to make themselves known''. Chicks from the Eastern falcon subtype, in the mid/southern So... |
middle of this month and were easy to tell from their parents because they had white/grey feet and soft fleshy body parts, whereas adults were all yellow. Two of the biggest threats inexperienced falcons faced were being electrocuted by power lines or hit by cars when eating Falcons were ''a bit of a double-edged sword... |
majestic as they are, it's only natural they'd put all those incredible hunting skills to good use given the veritable smorgasbord of fine dining opportunities at their wing tips in such places.'' Orokonui Ecosanctuary general manager Chris Baillie said two falcons and a hawk overflew the ecosanctuary from time to She ... |
other animals through falcon predation, and birds and lizards had places to hide if needed. ''Falcons are part of the ecosystem- they deserve conservation as much as any other native species.'' |
From Ohio History Central Acanthodians were among the earliest fishes with jaws and are found in Silurian through Permian rocks. Their fragmentary remains are found in Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian rocks in Ohio. These remains consist of shiny, rhomboid-shaped scales and fin spines. Fin spines of a compara... |
Lithuanian is a Baltic language related to Latvian and Old Prussian with about 3.2 million speakers in Lithuania. There are also Lithuanian speakers in Poland, the USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, the UK and Uruguay. Lithuanian first appeared in print in the form of a catechism in 1547. The first Lithuanian dictionary w... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.