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process and learning environment design model which would support self-directed learning in distributed e-learning environments, and that makes use of the technical opportunities of Web 2.0. Due to the nature of the goals of the study the methodological approach originates from the design-based research: intertwined development of learning environments and |
learning design theories; repeated and spiral cycles of design, development based on analysis and evaluation; development of learning design theories that support practical applications, authentic design. Secondly, the principles of action research will be used. The research will consist of three cycles: 1) Development of a pedagogical pattern language; 2) |
Chestnut-breasted Mountain-finch (Poospiza caesar) - HBW 16, p. 626 French: Chipiu césar Spanish: Monterita Pechicastaña Other common names: Chestnut-bellied/Cuzco Mountain-finch, Chestnut Warbling-finch Taxonomy: Poospiza caesar P. L. Sclater and Salvin, 1869, Tinta, Cuzco, Peru. Formerly classified in its own genus, Poospizopsis. New molecular data indicate that present genus forms a clade with the tanager (Thraupidae) genera Hemispingus and Thlypopsis, and |
that Compsospiza, which often subsumed within this genus, is sister to that clade. A molecular-genetic study of various members of the genus suggests that present species is sister to P. hypocondria. Monotypic. Distribution: Andes of Apurímac and Cuzco, in SE Peru. - Least Concern Enlarge map two, then one, in tree, views from all angles Locality Pillahuata, Kosñipata Valley, Manu |
Biosphere Reserve, Madre de Dios Department, Peru (Monotypic species) Martin Kennewell 31 August 2006 1 year ago 28 sec 3.7 calling from perch Locality Abra Malaga, Cusco Department, Peru (Monotypic species) Martin Kennewell 30 August 2006 1 year ago 39 sec 3 A bird perched in an eucalypt tree Locality Huancarani, Peru (Monotypic species) Josep del Hoyo 29 July 2005 |
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the investigative arm of the Border and Transportation Security Directorate (BTS), and it operates under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The main task of ICE is to secure the nation’s borders and safeguard its transportation infrastructure. It employs more than 20,000 men and women to |
enforce laws affecting border security and investigate homeland security crimes. There are six operational divisions within ICE, including Air and Marine Operations, responsible for deterring smuggling and terrorist activity; Detention and Removal Operations, responsible for removing deportable aliens through enforcement of the nation’s immigration laws, Federal Air Marshal Service, responsible deployment of air marshals to detect, deter, and defeat hostile |
acts that target airlines; Federal Protective Service, responsible for maintaining safety at federal government facilities; Office of Investigations, responsible for investigating violations of immigration and custom laws that might threaten national security; and the Office of Intelligence, responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data for use by ICE, BTS, and DHS. The ICE was created as a result |
of the Homeland Security Act (2002), which dissolved the Immigration and Naturalization Service (Department of Justice), the U.S. Customs Service (Department of the Treasury), and the Agricultural Quarantine and Inspection program (Department of Agriculture) and transferred security-related functions to the newly created DHS as of March 1, 2003. |
instruct you in the method of making a Cub Scout. To complete this project, you will need one small eager boy, two interested parents, one patient den leader, and one courageous Cubmaster. (Each character enters as his name is spoken. The boy wears his uniform under a large loose-fitting shirt and climbs up on the table. Others don surgical masks. As the narrator continues, |
the operation proceeds, with the Cubmaster acting as doctor. The den leader and parents hand him the things to be put in and take the things removed. When the boy is hidden under a sheet, he removes his shirt.) Narrator: Cover him with fun and good times (Hold up posters labeled “FUN” and “GOOD TIMES” and cover boy) We use laughing gas for anesthetic. |
Childhood nightmares, a scary experience for children and parents Childhood nightmares are scary dreams which are very common in children of all ages. They will usually happen late in the night or early in the morning. Although very distressing both |
for your child and you as a parent, these scary dreams are a normal part of growing up and are the result of your child’s brain processing information. They can start at around two years of age and typically last |
through childhood, reaching a peak at ages four to six. At least 25% of children have one nightmare every week. This should reassure you and your child if you’re are worried about the frequency of these dreams. Although more common |
in children, scary dreams are experienced by adults as well. This is perfectly normal and is not something you should worry about unless it’s affecting your sleep or quality of life. What’s the cause of childhood nightmares? - Stress can |
be one of the leading causes as well as causing other sleep problems. Sometimes just the normal stresses associated with growing up are enough to trigger a nightmare. - Illness, especially when your child has a fever is another cause |
of nightmares. - A traumatic event such as divorce or a death in the family. - Watching scary TV shows, even cartoons. Trauma can be real or imagined. - Children with a vivid imagination can be especially prone. Imaginations still |
keep working after we’re asleep! - Fear – especially fear of the dark can be a major reasons for nightmares in younger children. - Some types of medication. Can we get rid of nightmares? While we’ll probably never completely eliminate |
them, there’s a few things we can do to diffuse these childhood nightmares and help ease your child’s fears. - Install a night light in your child’s bedroom if they’re afraid of the dark. These are safe, low wattage lights |
that cast a reassuring glow. - Always go straight in to your child if they wake up frightened. Don’t wait for them to cry it out, this will always make them more frightened and upset. - Spend time reassuring and |
calming your child. This will pay dividends in the long term as your child will settle more easily. - If they are extremely upset or frantic, be prepared to spend some time calming them down. You may even like to |
read a favourite story. - Ask them to tell you about the dream. You may be able to help them by inventing a happy ending or explaining why childhood nightmares happen to all children. - Screen their TV viewing to |
make sure they’re not watching frightening shows. Even the nightly news can be a worry! - Magic Sprinkles! (see end of page) The difference between Night Terrors and Nightmares While many people believe these are the same thing, there’s a |
world of difference between these two. Children don’t fully wake up when they are experiencing night terrors. Their eyes may be open but you will not be able to speak to them as you can after a nightmare. A child |
who has night terror episode will probably not remember it in the morning. Sleep walking, yelling and kicking are behaviours found in night terrors but seldom during nightmares. Night terrors are frightening to watch but seem to have no after |
effects. Parents are probably more affected by them than their children! Here’s a short video that explains the difference between nightmares and night terrors and how to help prevent them. If you think a child’s quality of life is being |
affected by either childhood nightmares or night terrors, always ask your doctor for advice. In extreme cases medication can be prescribed (usually anxiety medication). If you decide to go this route, be especially vigilant and watch for side effects as |
some of these medications can suppress normal REM sleep. For a safer more natural approach Bad Dream Sprinkles contain gentle yet effective ingredients which provide comfort during nightmare and night terrors. Bad Dream Sprinkles are especially formulated to offer immediate |
comfort to your child. “No mother should be without this remedy. It is the only way I can get my children back to sleep after a bad dream. Aside from that, I used Bad Dream Sprinkles regularly over two weeks |
for my 4 year old daughter and she is no longer having as many terrors as before. Sleep is returning to our house!” - Gloria J, NY Bad Dream Sprinkles the homeopathic “magic sprinkles” for prevention and cure of childhood |
nightmares. Yummy tasting and can be given to babies. If you would like a free e-book on nightmares and night terrors please download here (right click to download, left click to read online) |
Donating one or more of your organs after your death can help save another person's life. Over 100,000 people in the United States are now waiting for the gift of |
an organ to become available for an organ transplant. Most people can be organ donors. If you are interested in donating organs or tissues, contact the United Network for Organ |
give you the option to become a donor when you apply for a driver's license or when you renew your license. Other states have a form you can fill out |
of possible donors, and your status is noted on your driver's license. To find out what's required in your state, check with your doctor or call your local Department of |
Motor Vehicles office. People of any age can register to be organ donors. In many states there's no minimum age, though an adult might have to sign for someone under |
age 18. If you've decided to become a donor, be sure to let your family, friends, and doctor know. And include your wish to be an organ donor when you |
prepare a living will or advance directive. You can donate organs or tissues. Organs to donate include: Tissues to donate include: Yes, you can choose what organs and tissues you |
would like to offer for donation. Or you can choose to donate any organs that are needed. You can also choose to donate for transplant, for research, or for educational |
purposes. You don't have to be young and in perfect health to be a donor. There are no age limits to putting your name on the donor registry. And you |
don't have to be perfectly healthy to donate an organ. It's the health of a certain organ that matters. Talk with your doctor or local organ procurement organization (OPO) if |
you have questions. If you're on the donor registry, you will get the life-saving care you need when you need it. You won't be denied care in order to obtain |
your organs. State laws and emergency medical practices ensure that your life comes first. The medical staff who take care of you are completely separate from the organ donation system. |
Only when a donor has died does a medical team contact the organ donation network to arrange a donation. Donating an organ costs you nothing. It doesn't cost the receiving |
patient's family, either. The cost of removing the organs and transporting them is paid by the organ procurement organization. Priority for transplants is by greatest chance of transplant success. This |
means that the organ will go to the patient for whom the transplant will most likely be successful. Things affecting who gets an organ may include tissue and blood type, |
the length of time the recipient has spent on the waiting list, or the distance between the donor and recipient. The financial status or celebrity of the recipient is not |
considered. Having an open-casket funeral is possible for organ donors. The surgery to remove the organs is easy to cover up with clothing or prosthetics. All major religions allow organ |
donation. The Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, and Hindu faiths encourage organ donation or leave it up to individual choice. Ask your spiritual advisor if you have questions about your religion's |
views on organ donation. Donate Life America is an organization supported by the transplant community. This group works at a local level to educate Americans on the need for organ |
donation. The website includes information on how to become an organ donor, other information on organ donation, and personal stories about organ donors and recipients. This group used to be |
called the Coalition on Donation. Healthy Transplant is a website sponsored by the American Society of Transplantation. This website helps people learn about transplantation. Patients can build a profile and |
take an active role in their health care. The website was created to help patients and family members understand more about transplantation and help people be more involved in their |
health care. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides information on organ tissue donation and transplantation through its OrganDonor.gov website. It lists the number of people currently on |
the waiting list for transplants. It gives information on how to become an organ or tissue donor and describes the process of transplantation. It also provides information on research and |
guidelines, and it lists resources such as locations of transplant centers. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is a nonprofit scientific and educational organization that administers the nation's only |
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). It was established by the U.S. Congress in 1984. UNOS collects and manages data about every transplant event occurring in the United States, facilitates |
the organ matching and placement process, and brings together health professionals, transplant recipients, and donor families to develop organ transplantation policy. January 3, 2012 E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal |
Medicine & Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions. To learn more visit Healthwise.org © 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. |
Image Credit: iStockphoto/Mauro Scarone Vezzoso These days doctors seem to have a pill for everything. Now, researchers have discovered a pill that could erase bad memories. Researchers say that the pill could be helpful in getting rid of painful memories in people with post-traumatic stress disorder. For the study, 60 |
participants were shown pictures of spiders and taught to connect that with mild shock, thus creating a negative memory. Afterwards, they were given either a beta-blocker called propranolol or a placebo. Twenty-four hours later, the propranolol group’s negative memory of spiders was greatly decreased compared to the placebo group. Their |
fearful response did not come back, which means that the memory may have been completely erased. There are, however, some people that question these types of treatments. “An interesting complexity is the possibility that victims, say of violence, might wish to erase the painful memory and with it their ability |
to give evidence against assailants,” said professor John Harris, an expert in biological ethics at the University of Manchester. “Similarly criminals and witnesses to crime may, under the guise of erasing a painful memory, render themselves unable to give evidence.” Do you think this pill could be used against some |
How to Manage Pests Pests in Gardens and Landscapes Several Asterolecanium species of pit scales (family Asterolecaniidae) attack many of the common deciduous and evergreen oaks that grow in California. The valley oak, Quercus lobata, is attacked more frequently and severely than other species. Damage can be severe in oaks along the Central Coast as well as in the Central Valley. Pit scales suck |
juices from twigs and cause twig dieback, which first becomes apparent in mid- to late summer. Dead leaves and twigs on affected trees remain throughout the winter, giving the tree an unsightly appearance. A severe scale infestation delays leafing-out of deciduous oaks for as long as 3 weeks in spring. Heavy attacks of pit scales year after year may kill young trees. The pitting |
effect caused by scales is most noticeable on the bark of younger twigs. Pits are surrounded by a doughnut-shaped swelling with the scale in the center. If there are large numbers of scales, the pits coalesce, making the twig surface appear roughened and dimpled. The adult scale is a brown or dull green, flattened, circular, immobile insect about the size of the head of |
a pin. Immature scales, known as crawlers, are difficult to see without a magnifying glass. Adult scales, all of which are female, produce living young from April through October in northern California; maximum numbers of young are produced in May and June. The immature scale then moves about for several days before settling on a twig where it remains for the rest of its |
life. The crawlers enlarge by late fall, and the cycle begins again the following spring. Natural enemies of the pit scale are uncommon in California, although parasite exit holes may sometimes be observed. Insecticide application is the only tool currently available for managing these pests. Because heavy infestations over several years can kill young trees and weaken older ones, consider management actions as soon |
as problems are detected. Soil injections of insecticide products containing imidacloprid (Merit) may provide control with the least environmental impact. Products are available for both the professional (e.g., Merit) and consumer (e.g., Bayer Advanced Tree & Shrub Insect Killer). Treatments should be made in late January to early February to ensure that the material has moved up into the canopy from the roots prior |
to crawler emergence. Though the efficacy of imidacloprid in treating pit-making scales has not yet been tested, this product is known to be translocated into stems, twigs, and leaves and presumably this should expose twig-feeding scales to sufficient pesticide to control them. Residents wishing to treat deciduous trees in their landscapes can apply narrow-range insecticidal oil to trees in spring just before buds open. |
Be sure to cover all bark and branch tips thoroughly. Thorough coverage can be difficult with very large trees unless high-pressure equipment is used. However, infestations on small- to medium-sized trees can be adequately managed with one annual application over several consecutive years. Insecticidal oil should be diluted to a solution of 1.5 to 2% (1.5 to 2 parts oil to 100 parts water). |
Once leaves are on the tree, it is too difficult to get the degree of coverage needed for oil treatments to be effective. Mixtures of oil and organophosphate insecticides applied in spring to kill hatching crawlers are not recommended because of the environmental hazards associated with applying these insecticides to large trees in residential areas, the difficulty of getting adequate coverage with available application |
equipment, and the availability of safer, more effective alternatives. Koehler, C. S., L. R. Brown, and C. O. Eads. 1980. Pit Scales on Oak. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Div. Agric. Nat. Res. Leaflet 2543. Dreistadt, S. H., J. K. Clark, and M. L. Flint. 2004. Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs: An Integrated Pest Management Guide. 2nd ed. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. |
Keeping Water Local IRWA is implementing a series of Keeping Water Local demonstration projects at Riverbend thanks to a generous grant from the Massachusetts Riverways Program. These projects show how we can all live better using less water, and reduce |
pollution and replenish groundwater too. Visitors are welcome; come see for yourself what you can do to be water-wise! The Keeping Water Local demonstration projects at Riverbend include (click for downloadable PDF fact sheets): - Water Efficient Fixtures and Appliances |
(including High Efficiency Toilets) - Drought Tolerant Native Plant Garden - Rain Garden and Drainage Improvements - Permeable Paving - Rainwater Harvesting - Green Roof - Future Innovative Greywater And Wastewater System Why Keep Water Local? Taking water from our |
rivers and environment can cause serious damage. Water withdrawals from the Ipswich River often reduce the river to mere trickle – or no flow at all – especially in summer. These unnatural low-flow and no-flow periods kill fish and other |
creatures, degrade the river ecosystem, impair water quality and make the river unsuitable for canoeing, kayaking, and other recreation. Reducing the amount of water taken from the Ipswich River is the first priority in restoring it to health. The Egypt-Rowley |
River, which supplies most of the Town of Ipswich’s water, is also significantly impaired due to water withdrawals; the Keeping Water Local Project will also benefit this small coastal river. The second priority is retaining more water in the local |
river basin, instead of transporting it elsewhere. Currently, about 80% of the water that municipalities pump from the Ipswich River Watershed is shipped elsewhere, creating a serious water deficit that stresses the river’s ecosystem. The Egypt-Rowley River also has a |
significant flow deficit. Using water more efficiently, along with on-site and innovative ways to treat our “used” water can really help solve this problem. Third, we need to reduce runoff – water that rushes off the land, rooftops, roadways and |
other hard surfaces, carrying pollutants with it. We also need to get that water back into the ground so it can be cleansed as it travels through the soil, and then flow into the river. This “groundwater” is the elixir |
of life for our rivers – clean and cool, it keeps our rivers flowing, even during hot, dry weather. Pumping and removing water from our river systems is very costly and often damages the environment. Keeping water in the same |
vicinity as it occurs naturally can avoid these economic and environmental costs. Keeping water local means using water in the same area where it originates, as efficiently as possible, and returning it to the ground so that it can replenish |
groundwater. And, water is heavy – so reducing the amount of water that our communities have to pump, treat and move from one place to another not only saves the environment, but also saves energy, reduces municipal energy costs, and |
can help combat global warming. Finally, saving water saves money! According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the average household spends $500 per year on its water and sewer bill. By making just a few simple changes to use |
water more efficiently, households could save about $132 per year. If all U.S. households installed water-efficient appliances, the country would save more than 3 trillion gallons of water and more than $17 billion dollars per year! Also, when we use |
water more efficiently, we reduce the need for costly water supply infrastructure investments and new wastewater treatment facilities. Click here for more information from the EPA on how saving water saves money and energy. How to Keep Water Local Low |
impact development (LID) is the name given to a suite of management practices that preserve natural landscape features and drainage patterns, and minimize impacts of development on water and other natural resources. This project employs LID strategies to keep water |
local: 1. Use water as efficiently as possible to reduce water withdrawals 2. Reduce runoff 3. Store enough water on-site for outdoor use; store additional water in the ground 4. Treat wastewater locally (on-site) 5. Reuse water 6. Educate others |
about the keeping water local Riverbend includes 15 acres of riverfront property and extensive wetlands. Thanks to the vision of the prior owner, Dr. Joseph Petranek, the buildings were sited away from the Ipswich River, which retains a forested shoreline |
area that is beneficial to river protection. Dr. Petranek also placed a conservation restriction that ensures that development activities are kept as far from the Ipswich River and wetlands on the site as possible, another key tenet of LID. The |
property has a well-maintained on-site septic system, which ensures that wastewater will be treated properly on site and then will replenish groundwater. The Riverbend projects are located in the Ipswich River Watershed, which is a water source for the Town |
of Ipswich. The Town’s Winthrop Wells #2/3 upstream of the property are used most in summer to meet the Town’s increased water demand during those months; the use of riverside wells during low-flow periods depletes the river, and is a |
major concern. Thus our strategy focuses on reducing water withdrawals, and particularly on limiting the water used for landscaping purposes. The Green Building Council recognizes the benefits of the measures we are taking at Riverbend to reduce water use and |
implement low impact development measures. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Certification process grants points for these and other measures, allowing an accounting of the ways in which we and others can make our building projects more environmentally |
friendly. IRWA is investigating steps needed to apply for LEED Certification for Riverbend. This has been a truly collaborative project, with many individuals and partners who contributed to its success. IRWA wants to thank Emily Levin for efforts above and |
beyond the call of duty; Jeff Allsopp, Denise King and Georgia Flood whose time, energy and patience were instrumental; our fantastic interns Meredith Emery, Tim Becker, Francesca DeLuca and Jeff Gang, who made miracles happen; Paul Lauenstein for his research |
and advice; all the volunteers who helped prepare and plant the gardens, and all our project partners: Massachusetts Riverways Program Allsopp Design, Inc. Clivus New England, Inc. Corliss Wholesale Supply Denise King Landscape Design Georgia Flood Design Gerber Plumbing Fixtures, |
Inc. (Ed.Os Manufacturer’s Representative) H.L. Graham Associates, Inc., Civil Engineers Nicolock Paving Stones of New England (SF RIMATM) Nunan Florist & Greenhouses, Inc. Rainwater Recovery, Inc. Savoie Architecture, Inc. Sunshine Sign Company |
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