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824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the primary role of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus?
Somatosensory Relay
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the primary role of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?
Receives input from the basal ganglia and cerebellum, functions in coordination and planning of movement.
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the primary role of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus?
Alertness, involved in learning and memory
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
In photoreceptor conduction what is the name of the G protein which activates the phosphodiesterase?
Transducin
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
In photoreceptor transduction what ac tivates the G protein Transducin?
Photoexcited rhodopsin
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Name a glial cell found in the retina?
Muller Cell (Astroglia Microglia)
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the role of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus?
Parasympathetic cranial nerve nucleus suppl
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
True or false: Diazepam is used to treat acute status epilepsy?
True
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
True or false: Drugs which reduce 5-HT action are a main treatment for depression?
False
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
True or false: Drugs which potentiate GABA action are used as anxiolytics?
True
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
True or false: Dopamine Agonists are anti-psychotic?
False
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
True or false: Dopamine agonists help control the brady kinesia in Parkinsonism
True
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
How does the internal carotid artery enter the cranial cavity?
Through the carotid canal.
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
How does the vertebral artery enter the cranial cavity?
Through the foramen magnum.
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
How does CSF leave the ventricular system?
By entering the dural venous sinuses in the arachnoid granulations (small protrusions of the arachnoid through the dura mater)
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Describe the GABA receptor?
Two classes: GABA-A ionotropic, in which receptor is part of ligand gated ion complex. GABA-B - metabotropic ie G Protein coupled
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the effect of the transmitter in the projection from the subthalamic nucleus to the globus pallidus internal segment?
Excitatory
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Are ascending fibres in the gracile and cuneate fasciculus ipsilateral or contralateral?
Ipsilateral
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Where do first order fibres of the gracile fasciculus synapse?
Gracile Nucleus in Medulla Oblongata of Brainstem
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What tract is formed from the second order fibres of the gracile and cuneate fasciculus?
Medial Lemniscus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Where in the spinal cord are enkephalin neurons which modulate sensory transmission?
Dorsal Horn
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What tract carries touch/position information from the face?
Trigeminal Lemniscus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What tract carries pain/temperature information from the face?
Trigeminal Tract
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the site of synaptic relay of sensory information from the face?
Trigeminal Nucleus - then ventroposterio medial nucleus of thalamus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the gland lying beneath the optic chiasm?
Pituitary Gland
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What nerve contains the stapedius muscle?
Facial Nerve
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What would be the effect of a long-standing lesion in the internal capsule on the strength of the stretch reflex?
Increase
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the principle relay site from cerebral cortex to cerebellar cortex?
Pontine Nucleus of the Pons
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What brainstem nucleus contains maps of body and visual space?
Superior Colliculus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What are neuroleptics used to treat?
Psychosis/Schizophrenia
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
True or False: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antiepileptic?
False
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What effect does light hitting a photoreceptor have on glutamate release?
It reduces it.
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
How does an on-centre bipolar respond to light hitting its photoreceptor?
Reduced glutamate causes depolarisation via metabotropic receptor.
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
How does an off-centre bipolar cell respond to light hitting its photoreceptor?
Reduced glutamate causes hyperpolarisation via ionotropic receptor.
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What function is associated with the anterior hypothalamic nucleus?
Thermoregulation (also plays a role in sleep)
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Which brainstem nucleus transmits dental pain?
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Name the nucleus receiving fibres from the interposed and dentate nucleus of the cerebellum?
Red Nucleus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Are benzodiazepines addictive?
Yes
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
Where would you find the cell bodies of neurons projecting nociceptive information to the thalamus?
Dorsal Root Ganglion
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What spinal tract is involved in the perception of vibration?
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Tract
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the cranial nerve causing papillary constriction?
Oculomotor
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the cranial nerve supplying the carotid sinus and body?
Glossopharyngeal
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What ion passes through the GABA-A ion channel?
Chloride Cl-
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the main component of scars after brain damage?
Reactive Astrocytes (+Microglia)
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What effect does dopamine have on the indirect pathway? Through which receptors?
Inhibitory - D2
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What effect does dopamine have on the direct pathway? Through which receptors?
Excitatory D1
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
824b1d67_uestions_Flashcards___Cram_com__n_in_intrafusal_muscle_fibres_
What is the nucleus projecting climbing fibres to the cerebellum?
Inferior Olivary Nucleus
[]
Past Paper Questions Flashcards - Cram.com
Increased (as gamma motor neuron activity increase the tension in intrafusal muscle fibres)
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/past-paper-questions-3072046
6/1438042988860.4_20150728002308-00312-ip-10-236-191-2_382520161_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
monkeys, prosimians, monkeys, apes, and their ancestors [Primatology]
Primate groups
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
Because non-human primates are our closest living "kin"- common ancestry deep in evolutionary past [Primatology]
Why study primates?
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
made living in trees possible and tactical [Primatology]
arboreal adaptation
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
knowledge of habitats and needs, and on human resource decisions [Primatology]
primate conservation depends on...
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
1. vertical posture 2. grasping: tactile perception 3. sight over smell (stereoscopic vision); good depth perception 4. longevity and high parental investment 5. brain complexity [Primatology]
Primates defined by evolutionary trends:
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
1. short snouts and generalized dentition which means they can process a variety of foods: incisors, molars, canines, premolars, molars 2. forward facing eyes with good depth perception; tend to have colored vision 3. structure of the shoulder and clavicle that have flexibility and range of motion which allows them to ...
Primates defined by anatomical trends:
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
1. social life in groups [Primatology]
Primates defined by behavioral trends:
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
1. Prosimians: lemurs, tarsiers, bush babies, lorises 2. Anthropoids: monkeys, apes, humans [Primatology]
Primate sub-divisions
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-most primitive characteristics of all primates -often but not always nocturnal; tapeturn: layer of tissue in the eye that reflects light and makes night vision better -variety of diets (insectivory and frugivory) and environments -locomotion: vertical clingers and leapers [Primatology]
Prosimians
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-found in Madagascar ex: ring-tail lemur, mouse lemur, aye aye, sifaka -very social [Primatology]
Lemurs
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
nocturnal -prosimians [Primatology]
Tarsiers
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
primarily nocturnal -prosimians [Primatology]
bush babies
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
Platyrrhines: flat nosed, new world, reproductive isolation, prehensile (grasping) tail Catarrhines: sharp nosed, old world, ischial callosities (bare of hair spots on butts), non-prehensile tail [Primatology]
Monkeys
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-arboreal quadrupeds -spider monkey, squirrel monkey, capuchin monkey, tamarin, howler monkey, marmoset [Primatology]
New World Monkeys
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-Baboon-sexual dimorphism (marked differences between male and female biology; height, weight, coloring) -drill, mandrill: most colorful monkey -macaque: show monkey, a lot smaller -langurs: arboreal and terrestrial -proboscis: named after their big nose [Primatology]
Old World Monkeys
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-Old World -Great Apes: larger, mostly terrestrial (orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas) -Lesser Apes: smaller, arboreal, loud call systems (gibbons, siamangs) [Primatology]
Apes
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
1. larger body 2. longer life span 3. longer juvenile period 4. longer birth spacing 5. upright posture 6. no tails [Primatology]
How apes and humans differ from monkeys and prosimians
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-"Great" Ape -endangered -large males -least studied of the great apes -found in Indonesia [Primatology]
Orangutans
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-"Great" Ape -sleep in trees but are terrestrial -vegetarian -live in groups lead by a silver back [Primatology]
Gorillas
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-"Great" Ape Common Chimp -knuckle walk, sleep in trees, smaller than gorillas, eat much more fruit than any other food, sexual dimorphism Baboons -sexual dimorphism, more slender, found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, endangered, females dominate the group, use sex to diffuse the tension (even when fighting) [Pri...
Chimpanzee
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom [Primatology]
zoology
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
arranging things into categories [Primatology]
taxonomy
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
relationship on the basis of common ancestry -morphology (form) -genetics [Primatology]
phylogeny
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
Kingdom: animalia phylum: chordata class: mamalia order: primates Family: hominidae Genus: homo species: sapiens (produce offspring) subspecies: sapiens [Primatology]
human taxonomy
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
instead of a linear progression, humans came from branching relationships of other species (common ancestors) -figure out which traits are derived or ancestral [Primatology]
phylogenetic inference
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
knuckle walking, omnivory [Primatology]
Examples of ancestral traits
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
bipedalism, very large brain [Primatology]
Example of derived trait
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
how genetically similar or different two species are [Primatology]
genetic inference
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
Large eyes means they are nocturnal [Primatology]
How can we learn about the activity patterns of primates?
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
Variety of Teeth -incisors slice -canines puncture and tear -premolars and molars grind Diet -insectivores have long incisors -frugivors have long, flat incisors -folivore (leaves) have wide, flat molars -carnivores have long, sharp canines -omnivores have generalized dentition [Primatology]
How can we learn about what primates eat/ate?
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
humans, living african apes and their immediate ancestor species (no gibbons) [Primatology]
Hominid
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
species that are a part of the human lineage; all human species that have ever existed -gracile teeth (smaller, more dainty) -flat teeth (no bulge in the lower face) -bipedal -large brain [Primatology]
Hominin
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
change over time [Primatology]
Evolution
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
change in gene (allele) frequencies in a population over time [Primatology]
Micro-
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
change in species over time "speciation" -due to natural selection, gene flow, random genetic drift, and mutation [Primatology]
Macro-
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
differential fertility of mortality -nonrandom process by which allele frequencies in a population change -result of different rates of productive success among members of a population -acts on basic phenotypes [Primatology]
Natural selection
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
a group of organisms that interbreed and share a gene pool [Primatology]
population
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
all of the genetic material within a population -alleles, genes, chromosomes, genotype, phenotype (expresses physical characteristics) genotype+environment=phenotype [Primatology]
gene pool
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
genetic variation, environmental influence, and interaction between genes and the environment [Primatology]
variation can be attributed to...
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
number of times a gene shows up in a population [Primatology]
frequency
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
1. variation exists 2. variation is heritable 3. there is a struggle for existence -How are traits inherited? where does new variation come from? [Primatology]
Darwin's 3 postulates + what Darwin didn't learn
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-random with respect to need -changes in DNA -may be positive, negative, or neutral -ONLY source of new variation [Primatology]
Variation comes from mutation
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
random, events cause change to frequency and loss of phenotypes [Primatology]
Genetic Drift
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
mixing of gene pools by migration or admixture [Primatology]
Gene Flow
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-classification based on a fixed set of characteristics -organisms compared to a "type specimen" Problem: what about significant variations within a species? ex: happy face spiders all look phenotypically different but they all interbreed [Primatology]
typology
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-specific characteristics -no "type specimen" -seeks similarities in form among all members of a species Problems: some animals look similar to each other but are not related and some look very different from each other but they interbreed ex: the southern african hedgehog and the common tenrec look similar but live in...
morphometry
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
able/likely to interbreed with viable offspring Problems: hybrids? ligers? mules? (usually sterile) asexual reproduction? continuous geographic ranges? ex: ring species-connected series of neighboring populations; closely related ones breed and pass genes to the next species; the two "end" species may not breed with ea...
reproductive isolation
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
phylogenetic inference based on fossils Problems: asexual organisms have a phenotypic flux, genomic analysis isn't perfect, the fossil record isn't complete [Primatology]
genomic analysis
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
extremes have the lowest fitness [Primatology]
stabilizing selection
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
extremes have the highest fitness when you eliminate or add predators -can not happen with gene flow [Primatology]
directional selection
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-if something happens to block the channel between two breeding poles (reproductive isolation), two different species emerge -phenotypes can be replaced if a predator is added -when there is gene flow, it stops directional selection -if there is gene flow, ,mutations can be spread from one population to the next -pheno...
Gene Flow
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-mutation might occur that makes that species not resemble each other anymore -reproductive isolation and weak directional selection [Primatology]
Allopatric speciation
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json
ac802bc6_y_test_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__Primatology
-gene flow and strong directional selection. Favors two different extremes at the same time -mutation and more selection: can cause reproductive isolation because certain mutations cant breed with each other [Primatology]
Sympatric speciation
[]
Anthropology test 2 Flashcards - Cram.com
Primatology
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/anthropology-test-2-1941651
6/1438042987135.9_20150728002307-00281-ip-10-236-191-2_390781331_0.json