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c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] DNA ligase [1]
A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 39 end of a new DNA fragment to the 59 end of a growing chain.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] DNA methylation [1]
The addition of methyl groups (—CH3) to bases of DNA after DNA synthesis; may serve as a long-term control of gene expression.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] DNA microarray assays [1]
A method to detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes at one time. Tiny amounts of a large number of single-stranded DNA fragments representing different genes are fixed to a glass slide. These fragments, ideally representing all the genes of an organism, are tested for hybridization with various samples ...
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] DNA polymerase [1]
An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] DNA probe [1]
A chemically synthesized, radioactively labeled segment of nucleic acid used to find a gene of interest by hydrogen-bonding to a complementary sequence.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] DNA-binding domain [1]
A part of the three-dimensional structure of a transcription factor that binds to DNA.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] domain [1]
A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dominance hierarchy [1]
A linear "pecking order" of animals, where position dictates characteristic social behaviors.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dominant allele [1]
In a heterozygote, the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dominant phenotype [1]
The phenotype that results from having at least one dominant allele.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dominant species [1]
Those species in a community that have the highest abundance or highest biomass. These species exert a powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dopamine [1]
A biogenic amine closely related to epinephrine and norepinephrine.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dormancy [1]
A condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dorsal [1]
Pertaining to the back of a bilaterally symmetrical animal.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dorsal lip [1]
The dorsal side of the blastopore.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] double circulation [1]
A circulation scheme with separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, which ensures vigorous blood flow to all organs.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] double covalent bond [1]
A type of covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons; symbolized by a pair of lines between the bonded atoms.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] double fertilization [1]
A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] double helix [1]
The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Down syndrome [1]
A human genetic disease resulting from having an extra chromosome 21, characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] downy mildews [1]
Members of the group Oomycota, they are heterotrophic stramenopiles that lack chloroplasts, typically have cell walls made of cellulose, and generally live on land as parasites of plants.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Drosophila [1]
Fruit fly.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Duchenne muscular dystrophy [1]
A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] duodenum [1]
The first section of the small intestine, where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and gland cells of the intestinal wall.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] duplication [1]
An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meiosis or mutagens; duplication of a portion of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] dynein [1]
A large contractile protein forming the side-arms of microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] E site [1]
One of three binding sites for tRNA during translation, it is the place where discharged tRNAs leave the ribosome; E stands for exit site.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecdysone [1]
A steroid hormone that triggers molting in arthropods.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecdysozoa [1]
One of two distinct clades within the protostomes. It includes the arthropods.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] echinoderms [1]
Sessile or slow-moving animals that include sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, crinoids, and basket stars.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecological efficiency [1]
The ratio of net productivity at one trophic level to net productivity at the next lower level.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecological footprint [1]
A method to use multiple constraints to estimate the human carrying capacity of Earth by calculating the aggregate land and water area in various ecosystem categories that is appropriated by a nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecological niche [1]
The sum total of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its environment.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecological species concept [1]
The idea that ecological roles (niches) define species.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecological succession [1]
Transition in the species composition of a biological community, often following ecological disturbance of the community; the establishment of a biological community in an area virtually barren of life.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecology [1]
The study of how organisms interact with their environments.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecosystem [1]
All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; a community and its physical environment.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ecosystem ecology [1]
The study of energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among the various biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ectoderm [1]
The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ectomycorrhizae [1]
A type of mycorrhizae in which the mycelium forms a dense sheath, or mantle, over the surface of the root. Hyphae extend from the mantle into the soil, greatly increasing the surface area for water and mineral absorption.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ectoparasites [1]
Parasites that feed on the external surface of a host.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ectotherm [1]
An animal, such as a reptile, fish, or amphibian, that must use environmental energy and behavioral adaptations to regulate its body temperature.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ectothermic [1]
Organisms that do not produce enough metabolic heat to have much effect on body temperature.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] Ediacaran period [1]
The last period of the Precambrian era.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] effector cell [1]
A muscle cell or gland cell that performs the body's responses to stimuli; responds to signals from the brain or other processing center of the nervous system.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] efferent arteriole [1]
The blood vessel draining a nephron.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] egg-polarity genes [1]
Another name for maternal effect genes, these genes control the orientation (polarity) of the egg.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] ejaculatory duct [1]
The short section of the ejaculatory route in mammals formed by the convergence of the vas deferens and a duct from the seminal vesicle. The ejaculatory duct transports sperm from the vas deferens to the urethra.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] elastic fibers [1]
Long threads made of the protein elastin. Elastic fibers provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that complements the nonelastic strength of collagenous fibers.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) [1]
A record of the electrical impulses that travel through cardiac muscle during the heart cycle.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electrochemical gradient [1]
The diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electroencephalogram (EEG) [1]
A medical test that measures different patterns in the electrical activity of the brain.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electrogenic pump [1]
An ion transport protein generating voltage across the membrane.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electromagnetic receptor [1]
Receptors of electromagnetic energy, such as visible light, electricity, and magnetism.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electromagnetic spectrum [1]
The entire spectrum of radiation ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
c02f025a_Glossary_Flashcards___Cram_com__1
[2] electron [1]
A subatomic particle with a single negative charge; one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
[]
Biology Campbell Glossary Flashcards - Cram.com
1
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-campbell-glossary-424037
34/1438042981753.21_20150728002301-00204-ip-10-236-191-2_369939429_0.json
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[2] electron microscope (EM) [1]
A microscope that focuses an electron beam through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the fine d...
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[2] electron shell [1]
An energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom.
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[2] electron transport chain [1]
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
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[2] electronegativity [1]
The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.
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[2] electroporation [1]
A technique to introduce recombinant DNA into cells by applying a brief electrical pulse to a solution containing cells. The electricity creates temporary holes in the cells' plasma membranes, through which DNA can enter.
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[2] element [1]
Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance.
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[2] elimination [1]
The passing of undigested material out of the digestive compartment.
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[2] embryo [1]
New developing individuals.
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[2] embryo sac [1]
The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure with eight haploid nuclei.
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[2] embryonic lethals [1]
Mutations with phenotypes leading to death at the embryo or larval stage.
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[2] embryophyte [1]
Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
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[2] emulsification [1]
The process that keeps tiny fat droplets from coalescing.
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[2] enantiomer [1]
Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
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[2] endangered species [1]
A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
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[2] endemic species [1]
Species that are confined to a specific, relatively small geographic area.
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[2] endergonic reaction [1]
A nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
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[2] endocrine gland [1]
A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.
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[2] endocrine system [1]
The internal system of chemical communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones; functions in concert with the nervous system to effect internal regulation and maintain homeostasis.
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[2] endocytosis [1]
The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle.
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[2] endoderm [1]
The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract.
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[2] endodermis [1]
The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the stele.
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[2] endomembrane system [1]
The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
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[2] endometrium [1]
The inner lining of the uterus, which is richly supplied with blood vessels.
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[2] endomycorrhizae [1]
A type of mycorrhizae that, unlike ectomycorrhizae, do not have a dense mantle ensheathing the root. Instead, microscopic fungal hyphae extend from the root into the soil.
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[2] endoparasites [1]
Parasites that live within a host.
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[2] endoplasmic reticulum (ER) [1]
An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions.
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[2] endorphin [1]
A hormone produced in the brain and anterior pituitary that inhibits pain perception.
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[2] endoskeleton [1]
A hard skeleton buried within the soft tissues of an animal, such as the spicules of sponges, the plates of echinoderms, and the bony skeletons of vertebrates.
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[2] endosperm [1]
A nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.
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[2] endospore [1]
A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions.
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[2] endosymbiotic theory [1]
A hypothesis about the origin of the eukaryotic cell, maintaining that the forerunners of eukaryotic cells were symbiotic associations of prokaryotic cells living inside larger prokaryotes.
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[2] endothelium [1]
The innermost, simple squamous layer of cells lining the blood vessels; the only constituent structure of capillaries.
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[2] endotherm [1]
An animal that uses metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature, such as a bird or mammal.
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[2] endothermic [1]
Organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment.
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[2] endotoxin [1]
A component of the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria responsible for generalized symptoms of fever and ache.
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[2] energetic hypothesis [1]
The concept that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain.
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[2] energy [1]
The capacity to do work (to move matter against an opposing force).
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[2] energy coupling [1]
In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
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[2] energy level [1]
The different states of potential energy for electrons in an atom.
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[2] enhancer [1]
A DNA sequence that recognizes certain transcription factors that can stimulate transcription of nearby genes.
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[2] enterocoelous [1]
The type of development found in deuterostomes. The coelomic cavities form when mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows out.
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[2] enterogastrones [1]
A category of hormones secreted by the wall of the duodenum.
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[2] enteropeptidase [1]
An intestinal enzyme that directly or indirectly triggers activation of other enzymes within the intestinal lumen.
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[2] entomology [1]
The study of insects.
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