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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] ketones and aldehydes as substituents 2 [Answer]
The prefix oxo- is used if other functional groups are present and the doubly bonded oxygen is labeled as a substituent on a parent chain
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Preparation of aldehydes and ketones [Answer]
Oxidize primary alcohols using pyridinium chlorochromate Ozonolysis of alkenes with a vinylic hydrogen Reduce esters with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAH)
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] preparing ketones [Answer]
Oxidize a 2° alcohol Many reagents possible: choose for the specific situation (scale, cost, and acid/base sensitivity
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Ketones from ozonolysis [Answer]
Ozonolysis of alkenes yields ketones if one of the unsaturated carbon atoms is disubstitute
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Aryl ketones by acylation [Answer]
Friedel–Crafts acylation of an aromatic ring with an acid chloride in the presence of AlCl3 catalyst
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Methyl ketones by hydrating alkynes [Answer]
Hydration of terminal alkynes in the presence of Hg 2
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] oxidation of aldehydes and ketones [Answer]
CrO3 in aqueous acid oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids efficiently. Silver oxide, Ag2O, in aqueous ammonia (Tollens’ reagent) oxidizes aldehydes (no
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] ketones oxidize with difficulty [Answer]
Undergo slow cleavage with hot, alkaline KMnO4 C–C bond next to C=O is broken to give carboxylic acids Reaction is practical for cleaving symmetrical ketones
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones [Answer]
A nucleophile attacks the positively charged carbonyl carbon producing a ionic tetrahedral intermediate. This addition can be either acid or base catalyzed.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Relative Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones [Answer]
Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones in nucleophilic addition reactions. Nu - approaches 75° to the plane of C=O and adds to the carbonyl carbon
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Relative Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones 2 [Answer]
The transition state for addition is less crowded and lower in energy for an aldehyde (a) than for a ketone (b). Aldehydes have one large substituent bonded to the C=O: ketones have two.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Electrophilicity of Aldehydes and Ketones [Answer]
Aldehyde C=O is more polarized than ketone C=O. As in carbocations, more alkyl groups stabilize positive character. Ketone has more alkyl groups, stabilizing the C=O carbon inductive
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Reactivity of Aromatic aldehydes [Answer]
Less reactive in nucleophilic addition reactions than aliphatic aldehydes. Electron-donating resonance effect of aromatic ring makes C=O less reactive electrophile than the carbonyl group of an aliphatic aldehyde.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of H2O: Hydration [Answer]
Aldehydes and ketones react with water to yield 1,1-diols (geminal (gem) diols). Hyrdation is reversible: a gem diol can eliminate water
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] hydration of aldehydes [Answer]
Aldehyde oxidations occur through 1,1-diols (“hydrates”). Reversible addition of water to the carbonyl group. Addition of water is catalyzed by both acid and base. Aldehyde hydrate is oxidized to a carboxylic acid by usual reagents for alcohols
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Base-Catalyzed Addition of Water [Answer]
The base-catalyzed hydration nucleophile is the hydroxide ion, which is a much stronger nucleophile than water.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Acid-Catalyzed Addition of Water [Answer]
The first step is the protonation of C=O, this makes it more electrophilic
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Addition of H-Y to C=O [Answer]
Reaction of C=O with H-Y, where Y is electronegative, gives an addition product (“adduct”). Formation is readily reversible
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation [Answer]
Aldehydes and unhindered ketones react with HCN to yield cyanohydrins, RCH(OH)C≡N. Addition of HCN is reversible and base-catalyzed, generating nucleophilic cyanide ion, CN- .
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation 2 [Answer]
Addition of CN- to C=O yields a tetrahedral intermediate, which is then protonated. Equilibrium favors adduct.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00178-ip-10-236-191-2_740545086_3.json
940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Uses of Cyanohydrins [Answer]
The nitrile group (⎯C≡N) can be reduced with LiAlH4 to yield a primary amine (RCH2 NH2 ). Can be hydrolyzed by hot acid to yield a carboxylic acid
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Grignard Reagents and Hydride Reagents: Alcohol Formation [Answer]
Treatment of aldehydes or ketones with Grignard reagents yields an alcohol. Nucleophilic addition of the equivalent of a carbon anion, or carbanion.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Grignard Reagents and Hydride Reagents: Alcohol Formation 2 [Answer]
. A carbon–magnesium bond is strongly polarized, so a Grignard reagent reacts for all practical purposes as R: - MgX+
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Mechanism of Addition of Grignard Reagents [Answer]
Complexation of C=O by Mg 2+, Nucleophilic addition of R: - , protonation by dilute acid yields the neutral alcohol. Grignard additions are irreversible because a carbanion is not a leaving group
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Hydride Addition [Answer]
Convert C=O to CH-OH. LiAlH4 and NaBH4 react as hydride ion donors to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. Subsequent protonation of the oxygen anion of the tetrahedral intermediate after addition yields the alcohol
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation [Answer]
RNH2 adds to C=O to form imines, R2 C=NR (after loss of HOH) R2 NH yields enamines, R2 N⎯CR=CR2 (after loss of HOH) (ene + amine = unsaturated amine)
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Mechanism of Formation of Imines [Answer]
Primary amine adds to C=O. Proton is lost from N and adds to O to yield a neutral amino alcohol (carbinolamine). Protonation of OH converts into water as the leaving group. Result is iminium ion, which loses proton.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Mechanism of Formation of Imines 2 [Answer]
Acid is required for loss of OH – too much acid blocks RNH2
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Imine Derivatives [Answer]
Addition of amines with an atom containing a lone pair of electrons on the adjacent atom occurs very readily, giving useful, stable imines. For example, hydroxylamine forms oximes and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Imine Derivatives 2 [Answer]
readily forms 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazones. These are usually solids and help in characterizing liquid ketones or aldehydes by melting points.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Enamine Formation [Answer]
For enamine formation on the α-carbon there must a hydrogen present in order for elimination to occur. After addition of R2 NH, proton is lost from adjacent carbon
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazine: The Wolff–Kishner Reaction [Answer]
Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with hydrazine, H2 NNH2 and KOH converts the compound to an alkane. Originally carried out at high temperatures but with dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent takes place near room temperature.
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols: Acetal Formation [Answer]
Alcohols are weak nucleophiles but acid promotes addition forming the conjugate acid of C=O. Addition yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reaction can occur
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols: Acetal Formation 2 [Answer]
Protonation of the ⎯OH and loss of water leads to an oxonium ion, R2 C=OR+ to which a second alcohol adds to form the acetal
[]
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Answer
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Uses of Acetals [Answer]
Acetals can serve as protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones. It is convenient to use a diol, to form a cyclic acetal (the reaction goes even more readily)
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphorus Ylides: The Wittig Reaction [Answer]
The sequence converts C=O is to C=C. A phosphorus ylide adds to an aldehyde or ketone to yield a dipolar intermediate called a betaine. The intermediate spontaneously decomposes through a four-membered ring
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphorus Ylides: The Wittig Reaction 2 [Answer]
to yield alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide, (Ph)3 P=O. Formation of the ylide is shown above, it must be formed from a 1° or 2° alkyl halide or tosylate
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Uses of the Wittig Reaction [Answer]
Can be used for monosubstituted, disubstituted, and trisubstituted alkenes but not tetrasubstituted alkenes. The reaction yields a pure alkene of known structure.
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] The Cannizaro Reaction [Answer]
The adduct of an aldehyde and OH- can transfer hydride ion to another aldehyde C=O resulting in a simultaneous oxidation and reduction (disproportionation)
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones [Answer]
A nucleophile can add to the C=C double bond of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone (conjugate addition, or 1,4 addition. The initial product is a resonance-stabilized enolate ion, which is then protonated
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Conjugate Addition of Amine [Answer]
Primary and secondary amines add to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to yield β-amino aldehydes and ketones
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Conjugate Addition of Alkyl Groups: Organocopper Reactions [Answer]
Reaction of an α, β-unsaturated ketone with a lithium diorganocopper reagent. Diorganocopper (Gilman) reagents form by reaction of 1 equivalent of cuprous iodide and 2 equivalents
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Conjugate Addition of Alkyl Groups: Organocopper Reactions 2 [Answer]
of organolithium. 1°, 2°, 3° alkyl, aryl and alkenyl groups react but not alkynyl groups.
[]
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940dcd98_Flashcards_about_orgoexam2__Answer
[Question] Mechanism of Alkyl Conjugate Addition [Answer]
Conjugate nucleophilic addition of a diorganocopper anion, R2 Cu - , to an enone. Transfer of an R group and elimination of a neutral organocopper species, RCu
[]
Flashcards about orgoexam2
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http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-873938
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8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Solar energy system that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices like photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors [Question]
Active Solar Energy Systems
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Power supplied by people or animals [Question]
Animate Power
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] The number of species in a specific habitat [Question]
Biodiversity
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste [Question]
Biomass Fuel
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] The sustainable use and management of a natural resource, through consuming it at a less rapid pace than it can be replaced [Question]
Conservation
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Metals, including iron ore, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel [Question]
Ferrous
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago [Question]
Fossil Fuel
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks [Question]
Geothermal Energy
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Anticipated increase in Earth’s temperature, caused by carbon dioxide(emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface [Question]
Greenhouse Effect
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Power generated by moving water [Question]
Hydroelectric Power
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Power supplied by machines [Question]
Inanimate Power
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Metals utilized to make other products than iron and steel [Question]
Non-Ferrous
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] A source of energy that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted [Question]
Non-Renewable Energy
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Addition of more waste than a resource can accommodate [Question]
Pollution
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] The amount of energy in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist [Question]
Potential Reserve
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] Maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible [Question]
Preservation
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits [Question]
Proven Reserve
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Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans [Question]
Renewable Energy
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially accepted to use [Question]
Resource
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
8461590f_ashcards_about_LP___Chapter_14__Question
[Answer] The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a comparable level of development [Question]
Sustainable Development
[]
Flashcards about LP - Chapter 14
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-919738
16/1438042988312.76_20150728002308-00023-ip-10-236-191-2_746084534_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughtout the life span. [Question]
developmental psychology
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo. [Question]
zygote
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month. [Question]
embryo
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth. [Question]
fetus
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm. [Question]
teratogens
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions. [Question]
fetal alcohol syndrome
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. [Question]
habituation
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience. [Question]
maturation
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. [Question]
cognition
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. [Question]
schema
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas. [Question]
assimilation
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information. [Question]
accommodation
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] In Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities. [Question]
sensorimotor stage
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. [Question]
object permanence
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] In Piagate's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic. [Question]
preoperational stage
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects. [Question]
conservation
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view. [Question]
egocentrism
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] People's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict. [Question]
theory of mind
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] In Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. [Question]
concrete operational stage
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] In piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive developing (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts. [Question]
formal operational stage
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' state of mind. [Question]
autism
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age. [Question]
stranger anxiety
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the careegiver and showing distress on separation. [Question]
attachment
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. [Question]
critical period
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. [Question]
imprinting
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] According to Erik Erikson a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. [Question]
basic trust
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Our understanding and evaluation of who we are. [Question]
self-concept
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence. [Question]
adolescence
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing. [Question]
puberty
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible. [Question]
primary sex characteristics
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair. [Question]
secondary sex characteristics
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The first menstrual period. [Question]
menarche
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] Our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles. [Question]
identity
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I/" that comes from our group memberships. [Question]
social identity
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Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] In erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. [Question]
intimacy
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json
2ab17bef_hcards_about_Myers_9_Chapter_5__Question
[Answer] For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and responsible adulthood. [Question]
emerging adulthood
[]
Flashcards about Myers 9 Chapter 5
Question
http://www.studystack.com/flashcard-714538
16/1438042987866.61_20150728002307-00126-ip-10-236-191-2_725717408_3.json