keyword stringclasses 19
values | question stringlengths 6 846 | option_a stringlengths 1 208 | option_b stringlengths 1 160 | option_c stringlengths 1 216 ⌀ | option_d stringlengths 1 226 ⌀ | option_e stringlengths 1 145 ⌀ | answer stringclasses 5
values | answer_text stringlengths 1 226 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cornea | Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers usually starts at: | The lower third of the cornea. | The middle third of the cornea. | The upper third of the cornea. | The center of the cornea. | Anywhere all over the cornea. | a | The lower third of the cornea. |
Cornea | Typical trachomatous corneal ulcers usually start at: | The lower third of the cornea. | The middle third of the cornea. | The upper third of the cornea. | The center of the cornea. | Anywhere all over the cornea. | c | The upper third of the cornea. |
Cornea | Topical steroids are contraindicated in the following conditions, EXCEPT: | Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Fungal corneal ulcers. | Dendritic corneal ulcers. | Herpetic interstitial keratitis. | Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers. | d | Herpetic interstitial keratitis. |
Cornea | Non-inflammatory corneal ectasia include: | Keratectasia. | Keratoconus. | Keratomalacia. | All the above. | None of the above. | b | Keratoconus. |
Cornea | Pseudo-cornea is a term used to describe: | Keratectasia. | Keratoconus. | Keratomalacia. | Total anterior staphyloma. | None of the above. | d | Total anterior staphyloma. |
Cornea | A progressive keratoconus typically leads to the following, EXCEPT: | Frequent change of glasses. | Progressive irregular astigmatism. | Progressive hypermetropia. | Fleisher ring. | Vogt stria. | c | Progressive hypermetropia. |
Cornea | Keratoconus can be managed by all the following, EXCEPT: | Glasses. | Rigid contact lenses. | LASIK. | Intracorneal ring segments. | Penetrating keratoplasty. | c | LASIK. |
Cornea | The leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide; | Cataract | Age related macular degeneration | Glaucoma | Diabetic retinopathy | Trachoma | a | Cataract |
Cornea | The term “mature cataract” means | A nuclear cataract presents more than 10 years | A posterior subcapsular cataract that reduces visual acuity to 6/60 or worse | A cortical cataract that involves the entire cortex | An anterior subcapsular cataract that causes capsular wrinkling. | null | c | A cortical cataract that involves the entire cortex |
Cornea | Criteria of mature senile cataract: | a-Visual acuity HM | b-Absent red reflex | c-Absent iris shadow | All the above | null | d | All the above |
Cornea | Which is the least desirable method for corneal graft storage? | moist chamber at 4° C | glycerin | Optisol | cryopreservation | null | b | glycerin |
Cornea | Presently in the United States, phlyctenule is most commonly associated with | HSV | tuberculosis | Staphylococcus | fungus | null | c | Staphylococcus |
Cornea | Which blood test is most helpful in the evaluation of a patient with Schnyder’s crystalline corneal dystrophy? | calcium | uric acid | immunoglobulins | cholesterol | null | d | cholesterol |
Cornea | Which disease has never been transmitted by a corneal graft? | CMV | Creutzfeldt-Jakob | rabies | Cryptococcus | null | a | CMV |
Cornea | Which corneal dystrophy does not recur in a corneal graft? | granular | macular | lattice | PPMD | null | d | PPMD |
Cornea | A conjunctival map biopsy is typically used for which malignancy? | squamous cell carcinoma | basal cell carcinoma | sebaceous cell carcinoma | malignant melanoma | null | c | sebaceous cell carcinoma |
Cornea | Corneal clouding does not occur in which mucopolysaccharidosis? | Hunter | Hurler | Scheie | Sly | null | a | Hunter |
Cornea | All of the following may cause follicular conjunctivitis except | Chlamydia | Neisseria | lopidine | EKC | null | b | Neisseria |
Cornea | Which of the following tests is least helpful in determining the etiology of enlarged corneal nerves? | EKG | calcitonin | urinary VMA | acid-fast stain | null | a | EKG |
Cornea | Corneal filaments are least likely to be present in which condition? | keratoconjunctivitis sicca | Thygeson’s SPK | SLK | medicamentosa | null | b | Thygeson’s SPK |
Cornea | Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment for SLK? | bandage contact lens | conjunctival resection | silver nitrate stick | conjunctival cautery | null | c | silver nitrate stick |
Cornea | In what level of the cornea does a Kayser-Fleischer ring occur? | epithelium | Bowman’s membrane | stroma | Descemet’s membrane | null | d | Descemet’s membrane |
Cornea | Cornea verticillata-like changes are associated with all of the following except | indomethacin | thorazine | chloroquine | amiodarone | null | b | thorazine |
Cornea | The least common location for a nevus is | bulbar conjunctiva | palpebral conjunctiva | caruncle | lid skin | null | a | bulbar conjunctiva |
Cornea | All of the following ions move across the corneal endothelium by both active transport and passive diffusion except | Cl− | K+ | Na+ | H+ | null | a | Cl− |
Cornea | Which organism is associated with crystalline keratopathy? | S. aureus | H. influenzae | Enterococcus | S. viridans | null | d | S. viridans |
Cornea | Which of the following conditions is associated with the best 5-year prognosis for a corneal graft? | PBK | Fuchs’ dystrophy | ABK | HSV | null | b | Fuchs’ dystrophy |
Cornea | The best strategy for loosening a tight contact lens is to | increase the diameter | increase the curvature | decrease the diameter | decrease the curvature | null | c | decrease the diameter |
Cornea | The type of contact lens that causes the least endothelial pleomorphism is | soft daily wear | soft extended wear | rigid gas permeable | hard / PMMA | null | a | soft daily wear |
Cornea | Which of the following conditions is associated with the worst prognosis for a corneal graft? | PBK | Fuchs’ dystrophy | Reis-Bucklers’ dystrophy | keratoglobus | null | c | Reis-Bucklers’ dystrophy |
Cornea | Which is not a treatment of acute hydrops? | steroid | homatropine | bandage contact lens | corneal transplant | null | d | corneal transplant |
Cornea | Which organism cannot penetrate intact corneal epithelium? | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | N. gonorrhoeae | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | H. aegyptius | null | c | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Cornea | Which organism is most commonly associated with angular blepharitis? | S. epidermidis | Moraxella | S. aureus | Demodex folliculorum | null | b | Moraxella |
Cornea | Which of the following medications would be the best choice in the treatment of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis? | fumagillin | chloramphenicol | galardin | paromomycin | null | a | fumagillin |
Cornea | All of the following agents are used in the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis except | paromomycin | natamycin | chlorhexidine | miconazole | null | b | natamycin |
Cornea | Goblet cells are most abundant in which location? | fornix | plica | bulbar conjunctiva | limbus | null | a | fornix |
Cornea | Thygeson’s superficial punctate keratopathy is best treated with topical | cyclosporine (ciclosporin) | idoxuridine | loteprednol | trifluridine | null | c | loteprednol |
Cornea | EKC is typically contagious for how many days? | 5 days | 7 days | 10 days | 14 days | null | d | 14 days |
Cornea | A shield ulcer is associated with | AKC | SLK | VKC | GPC | null | c | VKC |
Cornea | Ulcerative blepharitis is most likely to be caused by | Staphylococcus | Herpes | Moraxella | Demodex | null | b | Herpes |
Cornea | Which of the following is most likely to be associated with melanoma of the conjunctiva and uvea? | dysplastic nevus syndrome | melanosis oculi | nevus of Ota | secondary acquired melanosis | null | c | nevus of Ota |
Cornea | Which of the following is not associated with N. gonorrheae conjunctivitis? | pseudomembrane | preauricular lymphadenopathy | purulent discharge | corneal ulcer | null | a | pseudomembrane |
Cornea | Even spreading of the tear film depends most on which factor? | lipid | aqueous | mucin | epithelium | null | c | mucin |
Cornea | Neurotrophic ulcer should not be treated with | tarsorrhaphy | antiviral | antibiotic | bandage contact lens | null | b | antiviral |
Cornea | Which layer of the cornea can regenerate? | Bowman’s membrane | stroma | Descemet’s membrane | endothelium | null | c | Descemet’s membrane |
Cornea | The most appropriate treatment for a patient with scleromalacia is | topical steroid | sub-Tenon’s steroid injection | oral NSAID | oral immunosuppressive agent | null | d | oral immunosuppressive agent |
Cornea | The HEDS recommendation for treating stromal (disciform) keratitis is | topical steroid alone | topical steroid and topical antiviral | topical steroid and oral antiviral | topical steroid, topical antiviral, and oral antiviral | null | b | topical steroid and topical antiviral |
Cornea | A satellite infiltrate with feathery edges is most characteristic of a corneal ulcer caused by | Pseudomonas | Acanthamoeba | Microsporidia | Fusarium | null | d | Fusarium |
Cornea | PTK would be most appropriate for treating which of the following corneal disorders? | superficial granular dystrophy | anterior stromal neovascularization | mid-stromal herpes scar | Fuchs’ dystrophy | null | a | superficial granular dystrophy |
Cornea | A 62-year-old woman with keratoconjunctivitis sicca is most likely to demonstrate corneal staining in which location? | superior third | middle third (interpalpebral) | inferior third | diffuse over entire cornea | null | b | middle third (interpalpebral) |
Cornea | Which of the following findings is most commonly associated with SLK? | filaments | giant papillae | pseudomembrane | follicles | null | a | filaments |
Cornea | Which lab test is most helpful to obtain in a 38-year-old man with herpes zoster ophthalmicus? | ANCA | Lyme titer | chest x-ray | HIV test | null | d | HIV test |
Cornea | A patient with conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia is most likely to have | CMV | EBV | HSV | HPV | null | d | HPV |
Cornea | Which of the following disorders is most likely to be found in a patient suffering from sleep apnea? | iritis | interstitial keratitis | follicular conjunctivitis | trichiasis | null | c | follicular conjunctivitis |
Cornea | A patient with graft-vs-host disease is most likely to have which eye finding? | scleritis | symblepharon | optic neuropathy | iritis | null | b | symblepharon |
Error of Refraction | All the following are TRUE about the nodal point of the eye, EXCEPT: | Rays undergo refraction | Lies just anterior to the posterior pole of the lens | Optic and visual axis intersect at the nodal point | Optical center of the eye. | null | a | Rays undergo refraction |
Error of Refraction | In Emmetropia, parallel rays come to focus: | Behind the retina. | Infront of the retina. | On the retina. | Might be all the above. | null | c | On the retina. |
Error of Refraction | The term Ametropia refers to: | Myopia | Hypermetropia | Asigmatism | All the above. | null | d | All the above. |
Error of Refraction | All the following is TRUE about Angle alpha, EXCEPT: | Angle between optic and visual axes. | Always positive in myopia. | Lies at the nodal point of the eye. | More than 5 degrees in hypermetropia. | null | b | Always positive in myopia. |
Error of Refraction | In hypermetropia, parallel rays come to focus: | On the retina | Behind the retina | Infront of the retina. | All the above. | null | b | Behind the retina |
Error of Refraction | All the following are TRUE about hyperopic eye, EXCEPT: | Small axial length. | Deep anterior chamber. | Flat cornea | Positive angle alpha. | null | b | Deep anterior chamber. |
Error of Refraction | The term manifest hypermetropia means: | Hypermetropia without atropine. | Hypermetropia with atropine. | Hypermetropia with ciliary muscle paralysis. | Hypermetropia corrected by accommodation. | null | a | Hypermetropia without atropine. |
Error of Refraction | In myopia parallel rays come to focus: | On the retina | Behind the retina | Infront of the retina. | All the above. | null | c | Infront of the retina. |
Error of Refraction | All the following are TRUE about myopic eye, EXCEPT: | Small axial length. | Deep anterior chamber. | Steep cornea | High refractive power. | null | a | Small axial length. |
Error of Refraction | All the following is TRUE about progressive myopia, EXCEPT: | Starts at younger age. | Stabilizes around the age of 18 years old. | Reaches higher degrees. | Associated with retinal complications. | null | b | Stabilizes around the age of 18 years old. |
Error of Refraction | All the following are types of myopia, EXCEPT: | Simple myopia. | Facultative myopia. | Congenital myopia. | Progressive myopia. | null | b | Facultative myopia. |
Error of Refraction | Progressive myopia might be associated with all the following, EXCEPT: | Tigroid fundus. | Pseudo-papillitis. | Myopic crescent | Posterior staphyloma. | null | b | Pseudo-papillitis. |
Error of Refraction | All the following are TRUE about astigmatism, EXCEPT: | Parallel rays come to a point focus on the retina. | Might be regular or irregular. | Might be congenital of postoperative. | All the above. | null | a | Parallel rays come to a point focus on the retina. |
Error of Refraction | With the rule astigmatism is: | Less common than against the rule. | Vertical meridian more curved. | Horizontal meridian more curved. | None of the above. | null | b | Vertical meridian more curved. |
Error of Refraction | All the following is TRUE about irregular astigmatism, EXCEPT: | Could be corrected with glasses. | Could be corrected with rigid lenes. | Occurs with corneal opacities. | Occurs with keratoconus. | null | a | Could be corrected with glasses. |
Error of Refraction | In glasses for simple regular astigmatism, we use: | Sphero-cylindrical lenses. | Cylindrical lenses. | Convex lenses. | Concave lenses. | null | a | Sphero-cylindrical lenses. |
Error of Refraction | In glasses for compound regular astigmatism, we use: | cylindrical lenses. | Cylindrical lenses. | Convex lenses. | Concave lenses. | null | b | Cylindrical lenses. |
Error of Refraction | All the following are CORRECT about anisometropia, EXCEPT: | Difference in refraction between both eyes. | Best corrected with glasses. | Might lead to amblyopia. | Might be congenital. | null | b | Best corrected with glasses. |
Error of Refraction | Which of the following are factors affecting the onset of presbyopia? | Age | Refractive error. | Preferred working distance. | All the above. | null | d | All the above. |
General Ophthalmology | A 1-year-old presents with a round, well-demarcated mass at the super temporal rim. The lesion has been present since birth. The most likely diagnosis is: | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Neurofibroma | Dermoid cyst | Capillary hemangioma | Metastatic Ewing sarcoma | c | Dermoid cyst |
General Ophthalmology | A 40-year-old woman presents with a progressively enlarging clear cystic mass along the eyelid margin. The most likely diagnosis is: | Epidermal inclusion cyst | Apocrine hidrocystoma | Syringoma | Trichofolliculoma | Basal cell carcinoma | b | Apocrine hidrocystoma |
General Ophthalmology | Which of the following is the most common primary malignancy of the eyelid? | Basal cell carcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Sebaceous carcinoma | Melanoma | Kaposi sarcoma | a | Basal cell carcinoma |
General Ophthalmology | Xanthelasma is associated with hyperlipidemia in: | 10% | 20% | 33% | 50% | 70% | c | 33% |
General Ophthalmology | In a patient with laceration to the upper lid, all are TRUE, EXCEPT: | the presence of fat herniation indicates the orbital septum is penetrated | the presence of lacrimal gland indicates the orbital septum is penetrated | the orbital septum should be resutured if penetrated | in the presence of ptosis, early repair is recommended | ptosis is usually caused by damage to the levator aponeurosis | c | the orbital septum should be resutured if penetrated |
General Ophthalmology | Features of eyelid keratoacanthoma include all the following EXCEPT: | Malignant transformation in 50% of cases | Loss of eyelashes | Rapid growth | Ulcerated surface filled with keratin | Spontaneous resolution | a | Malignant transformation in 50% of cases |
General Ophthalmology | The following are contributory factors in senile (involution) entropion EXCEPT: | Atrophy of the orbital fat | Migration of the preseptal orbicularis over the pretarsal muscle | Dehiscence of the lower lid retractor | Horizontal lower lid laxity | Fat herniation through the orbital septum | e | Fat herniation through the orbital septum |
General Ophthalmology | Upper lid retraction may be seen in all the following EXCEPT: | Grave's eye disease | An eye with contralateral ptosis | Heart failure | Hydrocephalus in children | Parinaud's syndrome | c | Heart failure |
General Ophthalmology | TRUE statements about eyelid lesions include all the following EXCEPT: | Basal cell carcinoma affects the upper lid more commonly than the lower lid | Recurrent follicular conjunctivitis can be the result of molluscum contagiosum | Keratoacanthoma can resolve spontaneously without treatment | Sebaceous cell carcinoma has a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma | Basal cell carcinoma is common in patients with xeroderma pigmentosa | a | Basal cell carcinoma affects the upper lid more commonly than the lower lid |
General Ophthalmology | In blepharochalasis, all the following are TRUE, EXCEPT: | The condition begins in teenage years | There are recurrent lid oedema | There are levator disinsertion | The condition is associated with Ascher's syndrome | Treatment is blepharoplasty | c | There are levator disinsertion |
General Ophthalmology | In Blepharophimosis, one is FALSE: | Is an autosomal dominant condition | Epicanthus inversus is a feature | Has nasal bridge hypoplasia | Has hypertelorism | Is associated with mental retardation | e | Is associated with mental retardation |
General Ophthalmology | All of the following types of entropion are known EXCEPT: | Spastic entropion | Senile entropion | Paralytic entropion | Cicatricial entropion | null | c | Paralytic entropion |
General Ophthalmology | Six hours after a bilateral blepharoplasty, the patient complains of sudden pain near the right eye. The dressings are removed and the right eyelids are tense and ecchymotic. The first step would be to: | Open the wound to release a possible retrobulbar hemorrhage | Consider the possibility of a cavernous sinus thrombosis and check corneal sensation | Measure visual acuity and check pupillary responses | Begin treatment with ice packs | Begin treatment with warm compresses | c | Measure visual acuity and check pupillary responses |
General Ophthalmology | A 3-year-old girl bitten by a dog, had a 6 mm-wide block of upper eyelid margin hanging by a thread of tissue, leaving a defect in the upper eyelid of approximately the same size. The best treatment is to: | Send the block to pathology and repair the defect by approximation | Send the block to pathology and repair the defect by making a lateral canthotomy and approximation | Repair the eyelid by sewing the block into its normal anatomic position | Send the block to pathology and repair the defect by a transfer of tissue from the lower eyelid | Keep the block under refrigeration for later use if necessary and close the defect by approximation and lateral canthotomy | c | Repair the eyelid by sewing the block into its normal anatomic position |
General Ophthalmology | With regard to ptosis, one is FALSE: | The most common abnormality in congenital ptosis is in the levator muscle | Lid lag on down gaze is a feature of senile ptosis | In Horner's syndrome, ptosis is due to paralysis of the Muller's muscle | The levator function is good in aponeurotic defect | In congenital ptosis the levator muscle can neither relax nor contract. | b | Lid lag on down gaze is a feature of senile ptosis |
General Ophthalmology | The most important determinant in selecting a corrective procedure for any type of ptosis is: | Vertical height of the palpebral fissure | Age of the patient | Amount of levator function | Duration of the ptosis | Position of the upper eyelid margin relative to the corneal limbus | c | Amount of levator function |
General Ophthalmology | Risk factors for developing basal cell carcinoma include all of the following, EXCEPT: | History of smoking | Excessive sun exposure in the first two decades of life | Brown irides | Blond hair | Living in areas that receive high levels of UV radiation from the sun | c | Brown irides |
General Ophthalmology | A 74-year-old woman presents with a 2-year history of a painless, progressively enlarging mass in the central aspect of the upper eyelid. This has resulted in distortion of the eyelid margin and loss of eyelashes. The most likely diagnosis is: | Sebaceous gland carcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Amelanotic melanoma | Basal cell carcinoma | Dermal nevus | d | Basal cell carcinoma |
General Ophthalmology | Entropion repair of the lower eyelid may utilize any of the following techniques EXCEPT: | Lower eyelid retractor advancement | Lateral canthal tightening | Taping of the eyelid | Mucous membrane grafting to the posterior eyelid | Skin grafting | e | Skin grafting |
General Ophthalmology | Essential blepharospasm is usually characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: | Unilaterality | Age of onset usually over 50 years | Visual incapacitation | Obscure etiology | Involuntary spasms of the orbicularis muscle | a | Unilaterality |
General Ophthalmology | In congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, one is TRUE: | The success rate of probing at 12 months of age is about 60% | 85% of the cases are bilateral | The blockage is found most commonly at the common canaliculus | In congenital dacryocystocele, the skin is usually inflamed and hot | In congenital dacryocystocele, the sac contains amniotic fluid | e | In congenital dacryocystocele, the sac contains amniotic fluid |
General Ophthalmology | The following are TRUE about chronic canaliculitis caused by Actinomyces EXCEPT: | It is the most common cause of chronic canaliculitis | This infection is caused by a fungus | Bloody tear is a feature | Syringing is usually normal despite epiphora | Debridment is the treatment of choice | b | This infection is caused by a fungus |
General Ophthalmology | A 75-year-old woman complains of tearing and discharge. Irrigation of the lower canaliculus produces mucopurulent reflux. All of the following are TRUE, EXCEPT: | Jones testing will not reveal dye in the nose. | There is probably a common canalicular block. | The condition is not likely to resolve with a course of antibiotics. | The most likely diagnosis is a lacrimal duct obstruction. | The correct treatment is dacryocystorhinostomy. | b | There is probably a common canalicular block. |
General Ophthalmology | A 14-month-old child has had tearing and discharge from the right eye since birth. Which of the following statements is TRUE? | Dye disappearance testing is likely to show no asymmetry. | This condition is likely to resolve spontaneously. | The appropriate treatment is nasolacrimal duct probing. | Punctal abnormalities are likely to be the cause. | Jones I and Jones II tests are necessary to make the diagnosis. | c | The appropriate treatment is nasolacrimal duct probing. |
General Ophthalmology | Acquired canalicular obstruction is associated with all the following EXCEPT: | Steroids | Trauma | Probing | 5 FU | Pemphigoid | a | Steroids |
General Ophthalmology | Compared to CT scanning, MRI scanning provides better: | View of bone and calcium | View of the orbital apex and orbitocranial junction | Elimination of motion artifact | Comfort for claustrophobic patients | Safety to patients with prosthetic implants | b | View of the orbital apex and orbitocranial junction |
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