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What is Penguin Books?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Penguin Books? ### Input: Penguin Books is a British publishing house. It was co-founded in 1935 by Allen Lane with his brothers Richard and John,[3] as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head, only becoming a separate company the following year.[4] Penguin revolutionised publishing in the 1930s through its inexpensive paperbacks, sold through Woolworths and other stores for sixpence, bringing high-quality fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.[5] Its success showed that large audiences existed for serious books. It also affected modern British popular culture significantly through its books concerning politics, the arts, and science.[6] ### Response:	Penguin Books is a British publishing house. It was co-founded in 1935 by Allen Lane with his brothers Richard and John,[3] as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head, only becoming a separate company the following year.[4] Penguin revolutionised publishing in the 1930s through its inexpensive paperbacks, sold through Woolworths and other stores for sixpence, bringing high-quality fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.[5] Its success showed that large audiences existed for serious books. It also affected modern British popular culture significantly through its books concerning politics, the arts, and science.[6]	Penguin Books is a publishing house of inexpensive fiction and non-fiction paperbacks. It was founded by the Lane brothers in 1935 as a line of the publishers The Bodley Head. It became a separate publisher in 1936.
How did Abraham Lincoln die?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How did Abraham Lincoln die? ### Response:		Abraham Lincoln was assassinated during a play in Ford's Theater while serving as President
What does the Remarkable writing tablet do?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the Remarkable writing tablet do? ### Input: Remarkable (styled as reMarkable) is an E Ink writing tablet for reading documents and textbooks, sketching and note-taking that attempts to fully replicate paper writing. Developed by a Norwegian startup company of the same name, the device is geared towards students and academics. The reMarkable uses electronic paper reading display and tablet computer writing system. ### Response:	Remarkable (styled as reMarkable) is an E Ink writing tablet for reading documents and textbooks, sketching and note-taking that attempts to fully replicate paper writing. Developed by a Norwegian startup company of the same name, the device is geared towards students and academics. The reMarkable uses electronic paper reading display and tablet computer writing system.	Using e Ink technology, the Remarkable writing tablet can be used for sketching and note-taking that attempts to fully replicate paper writing as well as to read documents and textbooks. Remarkable also allows handwritten notes to be converted into text.
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tikataalik, Tree Kangaroo	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Tikataalik, Tree Kangaroo ### Response:		Tree Kangaroo is alive, Tikataalik is extinct.
Why is Utah a top destination for skiing	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is Utah a top destination for skiing ### Response:		Utah is a top destination for all types of snow based activities including skiing, snowboarding, cross country skiing and snowmobiling. Utah snowstorms produce some of the best snow in the country based on Utah's average snow density, resulting from quick-change temperature fluctuations. Utah is home to big mountains, thousands of acres of skiable terrain, and everything from top rated ski resorts to small local hills. Utah's most visited ski resorts include: Snowbird, Deer Valley, Park City, Alta and Snowbasin.
Where is Lukaya River?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is Lukaya River? ### Input: The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its source is located in the Crystal Mountains (Montagnes de Cristal), from which it runs eastward through Bas-Congo, then runs into the banks of the Ndjili River. The rail line from Matadi to Kinshasa runs along the river valley for a time, passing to the south and then to the east of Kinshasa. At one point the river was the namesake of a district in the Congo Free State. Just to the south of Kinshasa, a small cascade on the river, the Petites Chutes de la Lukaya, is a gathering place for several tourist activities including the lake formed by the river valley, beaches and waterfalls, and the Lola Ya Bonobo Sanctuary of Kinshasa. This is located in the Mont Ngafula neighborhood, which the river runs through. ### Response:	The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its source is located in the Crystal Mountains (Montagnes de Cristal), from which it runs eastward through Bas-Congo, then runs into the banks of the Ndjili River. The rail line from Matadi to Kinshasa runs along the river valley for a time, passing to the south and then to the east of Kinshasa. At one point the river was the namesake of a district in the Congo Free State. Just to the south of Kinshasa, a small cascade on the river, the Petites Chutes de la Lukaya, is a gathering place for several tourist activities including the lake formed by the river valley, beaches and waterfalls, and the Lola Ya Bonobo Sanctuary of Kinshasa. This is located in the Mont Ngafula neighborhood, which the river runs through.	The Lukaya is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, originating in the Crystal Mountains and running eastward through Bas-Congo and into the Ndjili River. The Petites Chutes de la Lukaya is a gathering place for tourist activities.
Who is the greater footballer of all time?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the greater footballer of all time? ### Response:		There is no universal consensus on who the greatest footballer of all time is. In the women's game, Marta of Brazil and Mia Hamm of the USA are considered to be two of the greatest footballers of all time. Both were forwards, and both were awarded the FIFA World Player of the Year multiple times - 6 in total for Marta, twice for Mia Hamm. In the men's game, Lionel Messi (Argentina & Barcelona) and Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal and Real Madrid) are considered two of the greatest players of all time during modern times. Before them, Pele of Brazil and Diego Maradona of Argentina were often considered two of the best players of all time.
How many times Daniel Ricciardo won the F1 championship ?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many times Daniel Ricciardo won the F1 championship ? ### Response:		0 times
Who create Ben & Jerry's icecream?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who create Ben & Jerry's icecream? ### Response:		Ben & Jerry's ice cream was founded by Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield in South Burlington, Vermont. The ice cream grew in popularity largely due to its exotic flavors which included large chunks of ingredients mixed in with regular ice cream. This was due to Cohen's server anosmia, a lack of sense and smell, who relied on the textures when creating new flavors.
What are three different club teams Cristiano Ronaldo has played for?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are three different club teams Cristiano Ronaldo has played for? ### Response:		Cristiano Ronaldo has played for Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Juventus.
What is Multicloud?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Multicloud? ### Response:		Multicloud simply refers to deploying workloads to multiple public clouds. Companies may have several motivations for multicloud deployments. SaaS platforms often wish to offer services close to existing customer workloads, which is especially critical for data intensive applications, where network latency and bandwidth limitations can negatively affect performance and data egress costs can be prohibitive. Another common motivation for multicloud approach is to take advantage of the best services across several clouds. For example, a company might want to handles its Google Ads and Analytics data in Google Cloud and deploy kubernetes through GKE. And the company might want to adopt Azure specifically for Microsoft workloads. And the company may like AWS for some best-in-class services and its huge mindshare, making it easy to find AWS-proficient engineers. Given the intense competition among cloud providers, expect them to offer more best-of-breed services, making multicloud more compelling.
What are the three best rapid transit systems in California and why?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the three best rapid transit systems in California and why? ### Response:		1. The Bay Area Rapid Transit or "BART" because it has many different lines and connects most of the San Francisco Bay Area. 2. MUNI because it has a wonderful combination of some light rail lines, vintage vehicles and lots of bus lines. 3. LA Metro because it connects so many different places in the huge LA metropolitan area where automobile congestion can be bad.
Name some famous Sci-Fi movies	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Name some famous Sci-Fi movies ### Response:		Some famous Sci-Fi movies are Star Wars, 2001: A Space Odyssey and Blade Runner
Who is the antagonist on The X-Files?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the antagonist on The X-Files? ### Response:		There are many antagonists on The X-Files, but the most long-running individual antagonist is The Cigarette Smoking Man (CSM) also known as C.G.B. Spender. He was primarily responsible for orchestrating conspiracies. He was a member of "The Syndicate," which was a mysterious shadow government group that covered up the existence of extraterrestrial life.
Give me some quotes from Aristotle that I might use in a school assignment	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me some quotes from Aristotle that I might use in a school assignment ### Response:		1. Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom. 2. No great mind has ever existed without a touch of madness. 3. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence. 4. Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. 5. Those who know, do. Those that understand, teach. 6. Learning is not child's play; we can not learn without pain. 7. What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. 8. Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work. 9. It is impossible or not easy to alter by argument what has long been absorbed by habit. 10. Educating the head without educating the heart is no education at all.
Who won the best new artist as well as award for the Best Pop Vocal Album in 64th Annual Grammy Awards	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who won the best new artist as well as award for the Best Pop Vocal Album in 64th Annual Grammy Awards ### Response:		Olivia Rodrigo
What's so special about the Nissan GT-R?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What's so special about the Nissan GT-R? ### Response:		The Nissan GT-R, which initially went into production in 2007, is powered by a hand-built engine assembled by one of only 5 specially-trained technicians (known as Takumi Craftsmen) in a cleanroom in Nissan's Yokohama factory. Early models produced roughly 473 horsepower, with incremental improvements yielding upwards of 560hp in current models.
Which of the following are names typically given to girls, typically given to boys, or names that could easily be given to either a boy or a girl: Sam, Bill, Liz, Tracy, Mary, Joe, Taylor, Missy, Ralph, Scott, Michelle, Michael, Frank, Cheryl, Ryan, Stephenie.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which of the following are names typically given to girls, typically given to boys, or names that could easily be given to either a boy or a girl: Sam, Bill, Liz, Tracy, Mary, Joe, Taylor, Missy, Ralph, Scott, Michelle, Michael, Frank, Cheryl, Ryan, Stephenie. ### Response:		Of these, Bill, Joe, Ralph, Scott, Michael, Frank and Ryan are names that would typically be for boys; Liz, Mary, Missy, Michelle, Cheryl and Stephenie are names that would typically be for girls; and Sam, Tracy, and Taylor are names that could apply to either a girl or a boy.
Tell me if these technologies would have existed before the invention of electricity or not: steam engine, candles, iPad, radio, oil lamps, fax machine, printing press	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Tell me if these technologies would have existed before the invention of electricity or not: steam engine, candles, iPad, radio, oil lamps, fax machine, printing press ### Response:		steam engine: would have existed, candles: would have existed, iPad: would not have existed, radio: would not have existed, oil lamps: would have existed, fax machine: would not have existed, printing press: would have existed
List of greek goddesses starting by 'L':	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: List of greek goddesses starting by 'L': ### Response:		Here is the list of greek goddesses starting by 'L': - Lampad - Lampetia - Lampsace - Lethe - Leto - Libya - Limos - Litae - Lyssa
What is Delphi?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Delphi? ### Response:		Delphi is a general-purpose programming language and a software product that uses the Delphi dialect of the Object Pascal programming language and provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software, currently developed and maintained by Embarcadero Technologies.
What is s3 equivalent in GCP?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is s3 equivalent in GCP? ### Response:		If you're familiar with AWS, Google Storage is GCP's version of AWS Simple Storage Service (S3) and an S3 bucket would be equivalent to a Google Storage bucket across the two clouds.
What are a couple date night ideas?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are a couple date night ideas? ### Response:		Date nights are a great way to connect with your significant other. You could go to dinner and a movie. This option may sound cliché but try to be creative by choosing a restaurant you haven't been to and see a movie at a small neighborhood movie theater. Another great option is a cooking class. There are lots of options when it comes to the type of food. You could even have the class at your home.
What are the key elements to a companies income statement?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the key elements to a companies income statement? ### Response:		Gross Revenue, Net Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, Gross Profit, Sales of Goods & Administration, Marketing, Operational Expenses, Operating Income
What is an Oxford comma and why do editors have such strong feelings about their use?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an Oxford comma and why do editors have such strong feelings about their use? ### Response:		An Oxford comma is a comma before the last item in a series or list. For example take the following two statements: I was chased by the fox, the bear and the dog. I was chased by the fox, the bear, and the dog. The meaning is the same but the second statement contains an Oxford comma. Some say the Oxford comma adds clarity to some statements. This is apparent when there can be ambiguity between a list and an appositive. Take the following two example statements: We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris and Terry. We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris, and Terry. The first statement can appear to imply that we went to dinner with two people whose names are Chris and Terry who are both our coaches. There is no such implication that can be extracted from the second statement. The second statement implies we went to dinner with at least 4 people: Chris, Terry, and at least two coaches. This type of ambiguity is what proponents of the Oxford comma latch onto in its defense. On the other hand, opponents of the Oxford comma claim it should be avoided in favor of rewording sentences when necessary. The sentence: We went to dinner with our coaches, Chris, and Terry. Can easily be reworded as: We went to dinner with Chris and Terry, as well as our coaches. The "as well as" language is claimed to be more clear than the Oxford comma albeit less concise. Editors who oppose the Oxford comma typically privilege clarity over conciseness.
What is the east Asian process of training small trees called?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the east Asian process of training small trees called? ### Response:		Bonsai
Given the following paragraph, what university has evidence of teaching as early as 1096?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given the following paragraph, what university has evidence of teaching as early as 1096? ### Input: The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096,[2] making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation.[2][9][10] It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.[2] After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge.[11] The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge. ### Response:	The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096,[2] making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation.[2][9][10] It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.[2] After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge.[11] The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge.	The University of Oxford
What are the different swimming styles? Which one is the fastest and which one the slowest?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the different swimming styles? Which one is the fastest and which one the slowest? ### Response:		There are four main different swimming styles in competitive swimming. These are backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and crawl. Crawl is the fastest style, while breaststroke is considered to be the slowest.
What is the tallest building in the city of San Francisco?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the tallest building in the city of San Francisco? ### Input: Salesforce Tower, formerly known as Transbay Tower, is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. Its main tenant is Salesforce, a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m). ### Response:	Salesforce Tower, formerly known as Transbay Tower, is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. Its main tenant is Salesforce, a cloud-based software company. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m).	Salesforce Tower is a 61-story skyscraper at 415 Mission Street, between First and Fremont Street, in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco. The building is 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, with a top roof height of 970 feet (296 m).
Given a reference text about Reginaldo de França Lopes, tell me what sport and position he played and when he retired.	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a reference text about Reginaldo de França Lopes, tell me what sport and position he played and when he retired. ### Input: Reginaldo de França Lopes (born 31 October 1969), known as Reginaldo França, is a Brazilian professional football manager and former player. A defensive midfielder, França played his entire career for teams in the Ceará state, aside from a short period at Cascavel in 2004, and notably represented Ferroviário in the 2002 Série C. He retired in 2006 with São Benedito, and subsequently became their manager in the following year. As a manager, he also remained in his native state, notably managing Maranguape for nearly four consecutive years. ### Response:	Reginaldo de França Lopes (born 31 October 1969), known as Reginaldo França, is a Brazilian professional football manager and former player. A defensive midfielder, França played his entire career for teams in the Ceará state, aside from a short period at Cascavel in 2004, and notably represented Ferroviário in the 2002 Série C. He retired in 2006 with São Benedito, and subsequently became their manager in the following year. As a manager, he also remained in his native state, notably managing Maranguape for nearly four consecutive years.	Reginaldo de França Lopes was a footballer who played defensive midfielder. He retired from playing football in 2006 and became a manager.
Which cities should a perfect trip to Germany include.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which cities should a perfect trip to Germany include. ### Response:		The perfect trip to Germany includes three major cities. If you plan to travel to Germany via plane, it is best to fly into either Berlin, Munich, or Frankfurt airport. These are the biggest airports in the country. From there, you can either travel around by high-speed train or you can take a car and drive on the famous German 'Autobahn.' If you want to experience driving without a speed limit, I would recommend the latter. A perfect trip to Germany must include visiting Munich, Berlin, and Hamburg. All three cities are amongst the largest cities and Germany, with over 1 million people living there, but have each unique cultural as well as historical characteristics. Berlin's present is still influenced by its division into East and West Berlin during the cold war. The city with its two centers is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science. Berlin offers great nightlife, world-class museums, and a lot of sights of historic relevance. Hamburg is known for its port, playing a historic role in trade as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League. The city lies on the River Elbe, and its many canals are crossed by around 2,500 bridges, making it the city with the highest number of bridges in Europe. Munich is the last city you must include on your trip. The city is the largest city in the German state of Bavaria and is well known for its world famous October Fest. Munich is often ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Germany, and attracts visitors with its food culture, parks, and is proximity to the German Alps.
What is the Norwood scale used for?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Norwood scale used for? ### Response:		It is used to classify the stages of male pattern baldness. The scale is divided into seven stages.
why does daylight savings still exist in the United States?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: why does daylight savings still exist in the United States? ### Response:		In the United States, the economy used to be heavily based on agriculture. Therefore, daylight savings was originally instituted to facilitate a farmer's workday so that much of the working hours could coincide with the hours where there was more daylight (daylight begins is later in the spring). Since then; however, the U.S. economy has become less agriculturally based and also with technological advancements that have drastically impacted American work patterns, the need to follow daylight windows has reduced dramatically. While daylight savings still allows many Americans to spend their working hours during the daylight, there is the popular opinion that daylight savings should no longer be observed in the United States, especially with the confusion that comes with changing hours during the spring and fall. There are at least a couple states that do not change times for daylight savings which further adds to the confusion.
What is India’s rank in UN Human Development Index 2021?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is India’s rank in UN Human Development Index 2021? ### Response:		132nd (total nations 191)
What are some of the differences between English and Mandarin Chinese languages?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some of the differences between English and Mandarin Chinese languages? ### Response:		There are quite few differences. 1. Chinese characters are hieroglyphic; English words are phonic. 2. Chinese is character based; English is word based. 3. Chinese verbs don't have tenses; English verbs do 4. Chinese characters have tones; English words don't 5. Chinese adverbs and adjectives are indistinguishable; English adverbs and adjectives are different words most of the time 6. Chinese questions are sentences with a special character added to the end; English question are sentences with a special word added to the front
what are the benefits of swimming?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: what are the benefits of swimming? ### Response:		Swimming is a gravity-free, full-body cardio workout; swimmers can determine the intensity of the workout on their own with different exercise strategies. Swimming can improve your cardio level, get better heart-blood circulation, and have stronger lungs. Like any other sport or exercises, swimming also reduces stress, boosts mood, and helps with sleep quality. If you swim fast pace sprints, it can build muscles. On the other hand, if you swim steady-paced, long laps, it improves endurance and reduces your resting heart rate with practice.
What is Airsoft ?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Airsoft ? ### Response:		Airsoft is a recreational activity that replicates modern combat technics from the army and the police with replicas of real firearms that shoot biodegradable plastic pellets. It was invented in the late 70’s. Airsoft players are usually split in two teams. The goal of the game is to eliminate players of the opposite team by hitting them with a pellet.
What are some reasons not to live in far northern locations?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some reasons not to live in far northern locations? ### Response:		Generally speaking, the further north you go, the colder it gets. Living in cold weather makes many things more complicated due to the need to have sources of heat everywhere you go. Far northern locations also have more extreme amounts of daylight. This makes it hard to know when it's nighttime in the summer, and in the winter, you might not see much sunlight at all. The lack of sunlight can increase depression and makes everyday activities more challenging. It is also harder to produce food in the cold and dark.
Name all of the field positions in baseball in a bulleted list.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Name all of the field positions in baseball in a bulleted list. ### Response:		The names of the field positions in baseball are: - Pitcher - Catcher - First Base - Second Base - Third Base - Shortstop - Right Field - Center Field - Left Field
Given this paragraph about computers, what is the first RISC system?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given this paragraph about computers, what is the first RISC system? ### Input: Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design,[2] begun in 1975 by John Cocke and completed in 1980. The 801 developed out of an effort to build a 24-bit high-speed processor to use as the basis for a digital telephone switch. To reach their goal of switching 1 million calls per hour (300 per second) they calculated that the CPU required performance on the order of 12 million instructions per second (MIPS),[8] compared to their fastest mainframe machine of the time, the 370/168, which performed at 3.5 MIPS.[9] ### Response:	Michael J. Flynn views the first RISC system as the IBM 801 design,[2] begun in 1975 by John Cocke and completed in 1980. The 801 developed out of an effort to build a 24-bit high-speed processor to use as the basis for a digital telephone switch. To reach their goal of switching 1 million calls per hour (300 per second) they calculated that the CPU required performance on the order of 12 million instructions per second (MIPS),[8] compared to their fastest mainframe machine of the time, the 370/168, which performed at 3.5 MIPS.[9]	The first RISC system was the IBM 801, started in 1975 and completed in 1980.