question large_stringlengths 13 831 | Qwen2.5-Coder-7B float64 0 1 | Fin-R1 float64 0 1 | Llama-3.1-8B-UltraMedical float64 0 1 | cogito-v1-preview-llama-8B float64 0 1 | DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B float64 0 1 | gemma-2-9b-it float64 0 1 | granite-3.1-8b-instruct float64 0 1 | Llama-3.1-8B float64 0 1 |
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22 Sandy is conducting an investigation to find out which food his dog likes best. Which is the manipulated variable in his investigation? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A 0.20 kg softball travels 97 meters (m) south for 4.5 seconds (s). What piece of information distinguishes the velocity from the speed of the ball? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A 1500 kg car increases its speed by 2 m/s for each second of travel. What is the net force acting on the car? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A 20 N object is placed on a surface and starts to slide. What is the most likely reason the object begins to move? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A 60-kg man and a 25-kg boy, both on roller skates, push off of each other using their hands. Which of these describes the motion of the two people? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A DNA strand contains codons, which consist of a sequence of three nucleotides. Which best describes the importance of codons found in the sequence of DNA? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A Green Community Many cities in the United States are developing "green communities." A green community is intended to reduce the use of energy and consists of houses, apartments, and nearby businesses. Grocery stores, restaurants, and movie theaters are all within walking distance of the homes in the community. People travel shorter distances to their schools and jobs. Many of the buildings in a green community are made of renewable and recycled materials. Solar energy keeps the buildings at a comfortable temperature. Natural landscape features, such as trees and plants, are carefully located to provide shade and to control temperatures. Community gardens allow residents to grow food and flowers. People in green communities are using a nonrenewable resource when they | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A balance is used to measure | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A ball is rolling on the ground. A force pushes the ball in the same direction that it is moving. What happens to the ball? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A ball is thrown downward onto a concrete floor and bounces upward. What supplies the upward force that makes the ball bounce? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A bar magnet was moved quickly back and forth in a coil of copper wire. The ends of the wire were connected to a small lightbulb. Which of the following was the device created for? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A battery-powered cart pulls an 800-gram load across the floor. If the load were reduced to 400 grams, and the force used to move the cart remained the same, the cart would | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A battery-powered toy sailboat heading south on a pond catches a wind blowing from east to west. The combination of forces will cause the sailboat to move in which direction? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A bicycle is traveling at 3 meters per second (m/s). The rider applies the brakes and stops the bicycle in 3 seconds. What is the average rate of acceleration of the bicycle during this time? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A boat traveled from a bay into a freshwater lake and brought a nonnative plant to the lake. If the new plant adapts to the freshwater environment, which is the most likely consequence in the lake? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A brand of fertilizer claims that it contains all the chemicals a plant needs for rapid growth. It may be inferred that the fertilizer includes all these ingredients except | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A building is found to be losing heat to the outside during the winter months. Which would be the best solution to correct this design problem? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A car is rolling on a level street. What can make the car stop moving? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A car tire runs over a can and crushes it completely. Which statement is true for the atoms of the structure of the can? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A carbon monoxide detector is used in homes to | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A caterpillar eats an oak leaf. Which of the following best describes the energy transfer in this situation? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A cell that has lost its nucleus no longer has the ability to | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
A certain atom has 20 electrons, 21 neutrons, and 20 protons. What is the atomic mass of the atom? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A chameleon can change colors to match its surroundings. This ability helps the chameleon survive because it can | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A chemical called DDT was once used to kill insect pests. When investigations showed this chemical was harmful to some types of birds, the use of DDT stopped. How was the scientific process best able to help scientists understand that DDT was harmful to birds? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A chemical change happens when | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A class plans an investigation to see which brand of light bulb lasts the longest. Which of these steps should come first? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A class tested the amount of vitamin C in fresh orange juice and calculated a different amount than the previous class that conducted the same investigation. What should most likely be done to make sure that their results are accurate? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A class was learning about the pattern of day and night on Earth. What part of Earth experiences night at the same time? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A college campus has so few parking spaces that cars are often lined up waiting to park during class hours. Which of the following describes how the college could best solve the need for more parking spaces using the universal systems model? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A compass can be made by magnetizing a needle and setting it on a floating cork. The cork will turn so that the needle is pointed north. Which statement explains why the needle points north? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A construction worker hit a solid steel wall with a sledgehammer, but the wall did not move. Part of the energy exerted by the worker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A container is filled with a mixture of sand and an unknown substance. What should a student do to determine whether iron particles are in the mixture? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A container of liquid water was placed outside during the day when the temperature was 3°C. At night the outside temperature dropped to -2°C. This temperature change most likely caused the water to | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A container tips over and liquid spills on the work surface during a laboratory exercise. What should the student do first? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A definite shape and a definite volume are properties of which state of matter? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A dialysis machine can be used to remove waste from a patient's blood. Which human body system works in a similar way? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A doctor treats a patient showing symptoms of fatigue and fever. An examination for which condition will most likely uncover the source of the illness? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A duck and turtle are different types of animals. In which way are the duck and the turtle alike? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A euglena cell has a structure called an eyespot that detects light. A paramecium does not have an eyespot, and so it cannot detect light. Why doesn't a paramecium need an eyespot? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A farmer has three large fields where he plans to grow grasses to harvest for hay. Grasses should be harvested only after two years of growth. What could the farmer do to make sure he has a hay crop each year? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A farmer thinks that the vegetables on her farm are not getting enough water. Her son suggests that they use water from the nearby ocean to water the vegetables. Is this a good idea? | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A fish in a pond has longer protective spines than any other fish of its species. The spines keep the fish safe from predators. The fish has many offspring, which also have long spines. Which statement best describes what happened? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A forecast for "wintry mix" indicates that vapor in the air will form both rain and snow. Which of these is a correct principle illustrated by this event? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A fork falls off the edge of a table. Which force moves the fork toward the floor? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A fossilized seashell is found on a mountain. This seashell shows that the mountain was once ___. | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A geological change separates a wolf population into two new populations. Genetic drift directly causes which effect in the two new populations over time? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A girl inherited the dominant trait of dimples but her sister did not because both parents had different | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A glass is partially filled with water. Five ice cubes are placed in the glass, causing the level of the water to reach the rim of the glass. Which of the following statements best explains the increase in water level? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A glass of cold water is set on a desktop. Later that day, beads of water had formed on the outside of the glass. The most likely explanation for the beads of water is that | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A glass of water at 110°F is placed in a room next to a glass of water that is 50°F. The temperature of the room is 73°F at all times. If the two glasses were left in the room overnight, the temperature for both glasses of water the next day would be approximately | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A group of engineers wanted to know how different building designs would respond during an earthquake. They made several models of buildings and tested each for its ability to withstand earthquake conditions. Which will most likely result from testing different building designs? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A group of friends decided to go camping for the weekend. They gathered some tree branches and built a campfire. What type of energy of the tree branches did the friends use? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A group of science students used water, filter paper, and a hot plate to separate a mixture of salt and sand. Which of the following did the students most likely do first? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A group of students does an experiment to see if different colors of light affect the number of flowers a plant produces. Their teacher gives them seeds, pots, soil, water, and three light bulbs of different colors. The students decide to divide the materials equally. What should be different for each group of plants? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A group of students have decided that the amount of electricity used by the school should be reduced. The students want to develop a plan to solve this problem. What should the group do first? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A group of students records the daily snowfall during the winter. The data are kept in order by date and accurately measured each day. Which other way can the data best be organized? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A group of students tested the effects of different amounts of water on ivy plant growth. Afterwards, they could not remember how much each plant grew per day. What should they have done to practice good science? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A hill in the rain forest was once completely covered with trees. A logging company cut down all of the trees. Which is a form of environmental degradation that will most likely result because of the cutting down of trees? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A hot rock is dropped into a pail of cool water. Heat energy transferred from the rock to the water by | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A hypothesis is included in a scientific investigation because it | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A lab group investigates the growth rates of four plants grown near a classroom window. The group's conclusion is most strengthened by similar data from which of these sources? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A lake that received runoff from surrounding farmland had a healthy fish population. Several years ago, a new type of pesticide was used to treat crops. As runoff entered the lake, it killed an insect that was a primary food source for fish. Which will most likely occur if farmers in the area stop using the pesticide? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A layer of rock is found to contain a fossil of a fish and a fossil of a land-dwelling dinosaur very close to one another. What is the most likely explanation for this? | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
A light-year is the measure of how far light can travel in one year. How long has the light from a star 125,000 light-years away been traveling to reach Earth? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A man climbed to the top of a very high mountain. While on the mountain top, he drank all the water in his plastic water bottle and then put the cover back on. When he returned to camp in the valley, he discovered the the empty bottle had collapsed. Which of the following best explains why this happened? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A man ran on a treadmill for 1,800 seconds. At the end of his run, the treadmill indicated his energy output as 240,000 J. What average power did he generate? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A metal rod is struck and starts to vibrate. Which of these could happen next? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A meteor in the atmosphere of Earth travels at 35 km/sec. It is slowed by friction with the atmosphere by 0.02 km/sec before it reaches the surface of Earth. What is the final the speed of the meteor caused by friction of the atmosphere? | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A mouse is placed at one end of a cardboard maze that has a piece of cheese at the other end. The mouse smells the cheese and learns how to find it. The mouse is using an | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A particular peach tree produces peaches that are more resistant to disease than other peaches. What method would reproduce these exact peaches? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A party shop delivers helium-filled balloons to homes and businesses. The owners realize from experience that on hot summer days they should inflate the balloons only three-quarters full. On cold winter days they can fully inflate the balloons. Which of the following is the best hypothesis to explain this observation? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A person riding in a moving Ferris wheel is constantly changing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A pharmaceutical company developed a drug to help relieve headaches. Recently, the pharmaceutical company discovered that the drug may cause nausea in a small number of people who might take the drug. Which is the most ethical course of action that the drug company could take? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A pharmaceutical company published experimental data showing that a new medication improved cholesterol levels in the people who participated in the study. Which professional most likely did not contribute to developing this medication? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A physicist wants to determine the speed a car must reach to jump over a ramp. The physicist conducts three trials. In trials two and three, the speed of the car is increased by 20 miles per hour. What is the physicist investigating when he changes the speed? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A pitcher throws a 0.15 kg baseball at 43 40 m/s towards the catcher. What is the momentum of the baseball while moving at 40 m/s? | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A plant grows in a damp, marshy area filled with nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants. Which characteristic indicates the plant is classified as a seedless vascular plant? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A plant that needs well-drained soil would grow best in soil made mostly of | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A plateau is most likely formed by | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A polished metal ball looks very shiny and bright on a sunny day. What makes the ball look shiny? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A population of deer recently increased in size. Which most likely could have caused the deer population to increase? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A pot is touching the flame of a gas stove, and the substance in the pot is heating up due to the contact. This is an example of which type of energy transfer? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A potential negative impact of building a dam on a river is that the dam | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A predator is an animal that feeds on other animals. Which of these is a predator? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A rare genetic condition causes dwarfism and immunodeficiencies. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A red giant star differs from main sequence stars because it | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
A research study concluded that people who work longer hours increase their chances of having higher blood pressure. This conclusion was developed from a study of 200 men of different ages. How is this investigation biased? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A research team finds a new species of animal. The information learned about the animal would best further scientific knowledge if the research team | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A researcher notices differences in the shapes of leaves on different trees of the same species. Which of these is the most accurate way to record these differences? | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A researcher observes membrane-bound structures in a cell. Based on this observation, the researcher can conclude that the cell is classified as a | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A researcher uses several procedures to separate a rock sample into different chemicals. A mass of 50 grams of one chemical is produced. If this chemical cannot be separated into other chemicals, then it is best described as | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A river erodes its banks for thousands of years, and deposits the eroded material at its mouth. What two landforms did the river make? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A sample of an unknown substance has a volume that is independent of its container. Which additional information is needed to determine the state of the sample? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A sample of an unknown substance takes the shape of its container. Which question needs to be answered to provide the additional information required to determine the state of the sample? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A school replaced all of their light bulbs with a new type of light bulb. The new light bulbs use less energy. How will the new light bulbs most likely help the environment? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
A science class is divided into two groups. The first group plays loud music in a room that has thick carpet on the ceiling, walls, and floor. The second group is outside of the room but does not hear the music because the sound was | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
A science class is studying the states of matter. One group of students freezes 100 grams (g) of water in a cup. Another group of students melts 50 g of ice in a cup. Which of these will most likely occur at the end of the experiment? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A science student notices that the contents of one of the test tubes in an experiment are bubbling and changing colors. Before completing the experiment, the student records that the substance in this particular test tube is undergoing a chemical change. The student's statement is an example of | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A science teacher mixes two different substances in a plastic bag and seals the bag. The bag expands and breaks open. What is the most likely reason the bag expanded after the two substances were mixed? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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