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Identify the best strategy to handle missing data in this study.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Study teacher perceptions on AI-enhanced assessments.
- Sample: 15 university instructors
- Data Type: Pre- and post-test scores
### Response:
Stratified random sampling will ensure group representation.
### Instruction:
Determine a valid qualitative method for the given study design.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Study teacher perceptions on AI-enhanced assessments.
- Sample: 20 undergraduate students
- Data Type: Clickstream analytics
### Response:
Consider multiple imputation for missing data if MAR assumption holds.
### Instruction:
Choose an appropriate visualisation technique for the described data.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Study teacher perceptions on AI-enhanced assessments.
- Sample: n=42, equally divided into 3 groups
- Data Type: Survey responses on Likert scale
### Response:
Use boxplots for visualizing score distributions across groups.
### Instruction:
Select the most suitable statistical test.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Explore digital literacy development among university freshmen.
- Sample: Cross-sectional sample of 75 adult learners
- Data Type: Test results under three instructional methods
### Response:
Consider multiple imputation for missing data if MAR assumption holds.
### Instruction:
Choose an appropriate visualisation technique for the described data.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Explore digital literacy development among university freshmen.
- Sample: Survey data from 5 institutions
- Data Type: Clickstream analytics
### Response:
Stratified random sampling will ensure group representation.
### Instruction:
Assess the alignment between research question and data collection method.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Compare learning outcomes between hybrid and face-to-face formats.
- Sample: 120 survey respondents
- Data Type: Open-ended interviews
### Response:
Use boxplots for visualizing score distributions across groups.
### Instruction:
How should effect size be reported in APA 7 style for an ANOVA?
### Input:
- Research Goal: Explore digital literacy development among university freshmen.
- Sample: 3 classrooms of 8th grade students
- Data Type: Pre- and post-test scores
### Response:
Use independent samples t-test assuming normality is met.
### Instruction:
Assess the alignment between research question and data collection method.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Explore digital literacy development among university freshmen.
- Sample: 15 university instructors
- Data Type: Behavioral task scores
### Response:
Use independent samples t-test assuming normality is met.
### Instruction:
Suggest a mixed-methods approach if suitable.
### Input:
- Research Goal: Compare learning outcomes between hybrid and face-to-face formats.
- Sample: 15 university instructors
- Data Type: Test results under three instructional methods
### Response:
Consider multiple imputation for missing data if MAR assumption holds.
### Instruction:
How should effect size be reported in APA 7 style for an ANOVA?