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additive models @xcite provide an important family of models for semiparametric regression or classification . some reasons for the success of additive models are their increased flexibility when compared to linear or generalized linear models and their increased interpretability when compared to fully nonparametric mo... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the leptonic decays of a charged pseudoscalar meson @xmath7 are processes of the type @xmath8 , where @xmath9 , @xmath10 , or @xmath11 . because no strong interactions are present in the leptonic final state @xmath12 , such decays provide a clean way to probe the complex , strong interactions that bind the quark and an... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the transport properties of nonlinear non - equilibrium dynamical systems are far from well - understood@xcite .
consider in particular so - called ratchet systems which are asymmetric periodic potentials where an ensemble of particles experience directed transport@xcite .
the origins of the interest in this lie in... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
studies of laser beams propagating through turbulent atmospheres are important for many applications such as remote sensing , tracking , and long - distance optical communications .
howerver , fully coherent laser beams are very sensitive to fluctuations of the atmospheric refractive index .
the initially coherent ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the so - called `` nucleon spin crisis '' raised by the european muon collaboration ( emc ) measurement in 1988 is one of the most outstanding findings in the field of hadron physics @xcite,@xcite .
the renaissance of the physics of high energy deep inelastic scatterings is greatly indebted to this epoch - making fin... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
let @xmath1 . let @xmath2\longrightarrow [
0,\pi_{p , q}/2]$ ] be the integral @xmath3 where @xmath4 . the @xmath0-_sine functions _
, @xmath5 , $ ] are defined to be the inverses of @xmath6 , @xmath7\ ] ] extended to @xmath8 by the rules @xmath9 which make them periodic , continuous , odd with respect to 0 and eve... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the simulations we discuss here allowed us to obtain spectra of the shg response .
we employed comsol multiphysics software ( www.comsol.com ) in order to perform simulations of the linear optical response as described in ref .
@xcite . a unit cell containing a single sic pillar attached to the sic substrate
was ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
with significant research efforts being directed to the development of neurocomputers based on the functionalities of the brain , a seismic shift is expected in the domain of computing based on the traditional von - neumann model .
the @xmath0 @xcite , @xmath1 @xcite and the ibm @xmath2 @xcite are instances of recent... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the segmentation process as a whole can be thought of as consisting of two tasks : recognition and delineation .
recognition is to determine roughly `` where '' the object is and to distinguish it from other object - like entities .
although delineation is the final step for defining the spatial extent of the objec... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
one surprising result that has come out of the more than 200 extrasolar planet discoveries to date is the wide range of eccentricities observed . unlike our own solar system
, many of the extrasolar planets which are not tidally locked to their host stars have moderate eccentricities ( @xmath1 ) , and 15 planets have... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
biological aggregations such as fish schools , bird flocks , bacterial colonies , and insect swarms @xcite have characteristic morphologies governed by the group members interactions with each other and with their environment .
the _ endogenous _ interactions , _
i.e. _ , those between individuals , often involve o... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
studies of charm decays are pursued for several different reasons .
first of all , there is the possibility of directly observing new physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) , since the effects of cp violation due to sm processes is highly suppressed allowing new physics contributions to be more easily seen than in ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
quantum - mechanical fluctuations during an early epoch of inflation provide a plausible mechanism to generate the energy - density perturbations responsible for observed cosmological structure . while it has been known for quite some time that inflation is consistent with open spatial hypersurfaces ( gott 1982 ; guth ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
formation and bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) of molecules @xcite have recently been achieved based on ultracold atoms with magnetically - tuned feshbach resonances @xcite . in these experiments ,
feshbach coupling is induced by tuning a foreign molecular state near the scattering continuum , which allows for an... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the study of supernovae ( sne ) has greatly advanced in the last few years .
intensive and highly automated monitoring of nearby galaxies ( e.g. , li et al .
1996 ; treffers et al .
1997 ; filippenko et al .
2001 ; dimai 2001 ; qiu & hu 2001 ) , wide - field , moderately deep surveys ( e.g. , reiss et al . 1998... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the time varying stern - gerlach , sg , interaction of a relativistic fermion with an e.m .
wave has been proposed to separate beams of particles with opposite spin states corresponding to different energies@xcite .
we will show how spin polarized particle will exchange energy with the electromagnetic field of an r... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
excitons in semiconductors have been the subject of many experimental and theoretical investigations of bose condensation .
low - energy exciton - exciton interactions are characterized by the exciton - exciton scattering length , @xmath5 , which determines the thermodynamics of a low density gas and is crucial for m... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
inflation generically predicts a primordial spectrum of density perturbations which is almost precisely gaussian @xcite . in recent years
the small non - gaussian component @xcite has emerged as an important observable @xcite , and will be measured with good precision by the _
planck surveyor _ satellite @xcite . i... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
for fixed integers @xmath0 and @xmath1 , we consider the admissible sequences of @xmath2 lattice paths in a colored @xmath3 square given in @xcite . each admissible sequence of paths can be associated with a partition @xmath10 of @xmath4 . in section
[ paths ] , we show that the number of self - conjugate admissible ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the lep experiments at the resonance of @xmath1-boson have tested the standard model ( sm ) at quantum level , measuring the @xmath1-decay into fermion pairs with an accuracy of one part in ten thousands .
the good agreement of the lep data with the sm predictions have severely constrained the behavior of new physics... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it is well known that the classical magnetoresistance ( mr ) in metals or semiconductors with a closed free electron fermi surface increases quadratically with increasing magnetic field @xmath2 for @xmath3 and saturates when @xmath4 . here
@xmath5 is the zero - magnetic - field mobility .
hence , the extraordinaril... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
a magnitude limited complete census of variable stars in nearby dwarf galaxies allows important contributions to the star formation history of these systems . measurements of some variable stars can supply improved distance determinations for the host galaxies , others will provide important constraints for the populat... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in 1957 g.a . askaryan pointed out that ionisation and cavitation along a track of an ionising particle through a liquid leads to hydrodynamic radiation @xcite . in the 1960s , 1970s and 1980s ,
theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on the hydrodynamic radiation of beams and particles traversing d... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the epoch of reionization signified the appearance of the first stars and galaxies within the first billion years after the big bang , and the transformation of the intergalactic medium ( igm ) from opaque to transparent . despite recent progress , however , it is not yet fully understood .
it is now well established... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
invariants are a popular concept in object recognition and image retrieval @xcite .
they aim to provide descriptions that remain constant under certain geometric or radiometric transformations of the scene , thereby reducing the search space .
they can be classified into global invariants , typically based either ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it is believed that solar magnetic fields are created in the tachocline , the interface between the convection zone and the radiative interior . due to buoyancy instabilities ,
they move upward and emerge into the solar atmosphere in the form of @xmath0-shaped flux tubes @xcite .
the largest emerging active regions... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the current observations , such as sneia ( supernovae type ia ) , cmb ( cosmic microwave background ) and large scale structure , converge on the fact that a spatially homogeneous and gravitationally repulsive energy component , referred as dark energy , accounts for about @xmath1 % of the energy density of universe . ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
developments are currently underway to promote the sensitivity of ligo and to improve its prospect for detecting gravitational waves emitted by compact object binaries @xcite . of particular interest
are the detection of gravitational waves released during the inspiral and merger of binary black hole ( bbh ) systems ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in quantum information processing , information is stored and processed with a quantum system .
a quantum system is always in contact with its surrounding environment , which leads to decoherence in the quantum system .
decoherence must be suppressed for quantum information stored in qubits to be intact .
there a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it has become a generally agreed concept that the euv dimming observed during the onset of a _ coronal mass ejection ( cme ) _ manifests the coronal mass loss of the cme , and thus we basically expect a one - to - one correlation between the detections of cmes and euv dimmings , unless there exist special circumstances... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
one of the fundamental problems in the classification of complex surfaces is to find a new family of complex surfaces of general type with @xmath0 . in this paper
we construct new simply connected _ numerical campedelli surfaces _ with an involution , i.e. simply connected minimal complex surfaces of general type wit... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
supersymmetry ( susy ) is one of the most attractive extensions of the standard model .
this symmetry solves the naturalness problem and predicts gauge coupling unification at the gut scale @xmath1 .
it also predicts the existence of superpartner of the standard model ( sm ) particles . from the naturalness argumen... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the origin - destination ( od ) matrix is important in transportation analysis .
the matrix contains information on the number of travellers that commute or the amount of freight shipped between different zones of a region .
the od matrix is difficult and often costly to obtain by direct measurements / interviews o... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
high q cavities such as whispering gallery mode ( wgm ) cavities have recently demonstrated quality factors ( @xmath0 ) as high as @xmath3 and have shown the potential to reach even higher q values @xcite .
however , there are difficulties in measurement of the linewidth and q of such high q cavities . while in theor... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
to enhance chemical reactivity of cu surfaces with nitrogen oxides ( no@xmath0 ) is an important issue for development of new catalytic materials effective in the no@xmath0 reduction process @xcite .
the dissociative adsorption of no@xmath0 , for example , was found to be less expected on cu , compared with highly re... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
there are reasons to believe that cosmic rays ( crs ) around the ankle at @xmath0 gev are dominated by extragalactic protons @xcite .
scattering processes in the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) limit the propagation of ultra high energy ( uhe ) charged particles in our universe .
a continuation of a power - li... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
a multistable system is one that possesses a large number of coexisting attractors for a fixed set of parameters .
there is ample evidence for such phenomena in the natural sciences , with examples coming from neurosciences and neural dynamics @xcite - @xcite , optics @xcite @xcite , chemistry @xcite @xcite @xcite , ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in solid - core photonic crystal fibers ( pcf ) the air - silica microstructured cladding ( see fig . [ fig1 ] ) gives rise to a variety of novel phenomena @xcite including large - mode area ( lma ) endlessly - single mode operation @xcite .
though pcfs typically have optical properties very different from that of ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
among the great variety of the works devoted to random motions at finite speed in the euclidean spaces @xmath8 ( see @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite for the markovian case and @xcite , @xcite for different non - markovian cases ) , the markov random flight in the three - dimensional euclidean space @xmath1 is , undou... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
multiscale dynamics is present in many phenomena , e.g. , turbulence @xcite , finance @xcite , geosciences @xcite , etc , to quote a few
. it has been found in many multiscale dynamics systems that the self - similarity is broken , in which the concept of multiscaling or multifractal is relevant @xcite .
this is ch... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
a fair number of astronomers and astronomy students have a physical challenge .
it is our responsibility to learn the basics of accessibility to be able to help our library patrons to gain access to things that they need for their studies and work .
astronomy is often seen as a very visual science .
after all , i... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
polluted white dwarfs ( typed with a suffix `` z '' ) provide an opportunity to investigate the ultimate fate of planetary systems .
although planets have not yet been detected around white dwarfs , the evidence for the presence of planetary debris around these objects lies in their polluted atmospheres .
approxima... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the transformation , upon charge doping , of an antiferromagnetic ( af ) mott insulator into a superconducting ( sc ) metal and the role of af correlations in the appearance of superconductivity have challenged researchers since the discovery of high-@xmath12 superconductivity in cuprates .
is the af order an indispe... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
massimo capone is thanked for useful discussions .
the sezione infn di pavia is acknowledged for granting the computing time necessary to perform dft calculations .
this work was supported by miur - prin2012 project no .
2012x3yfz2 . 99 n. f. mott , proc . phys
london , sect .
a * 62 * , 416 ( 1949 ) . ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the statistical mechanics of pure systems
most prominently the topic of phase transitions and their associated surface phenomena has been a subject of fairly intensive research in recent years .
several physical principles for pure systems ( the gibbs phase rule , wulff construction , etc . ) have been put on a ma... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
compact symmetric objects ( csos ) are a family of extragalactic radio sources comprising roughly 3% of flux - limited samples selected at high frequencies ( taylor , readhead , & pearson 1996 ; peck & taylor 2001 ) .
their defining characteristic is the presence of high luminosity radio components on both sides of a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in @xcite the problem of how to give an explicit combinatorial definition of weak higher categories was solved , and the development of a conceptual framework for their further analysis was begun . in the aftermath of this , the expository work of other authors , most notably street @xcite and leinster @xcite , contrib... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
cp violation , initially observed @xcite only in the @xmath7@xmath8 system , is one feature of the standard model ( sm ) that still defies clear theoretical understanding . the ckm picture , which describes _ all _ the _ observed _ cp violation in terms of a single phase in the quark - mixing matrix , has been vindica... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the variability of ex lup was discovered by miss e. janssen in 1944 while examining spectral plates at the harvard observatory ( mclaughlin 1946 ) .
herbig ( 1950 ) first pointed out the similarity of ex lupi s spectral characteristics and t tauri stars with strong emission lines of h , caii , feii , and hei . in one... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the liquid - gas ( lg ) phase transition in nuclear matter remains illusive and a hot research topic despite of the great efforts devoted to understanding its nature and experimental manifestations by the nuclear physics community over many years@xcite .
for a recent review , see , e.g. , refs.@xcite .
most of the ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the study of the phase transition of frustrated spin systems on two - dimensional ( 2d ) lattices is a central problem in modern condensed mater physics .
a competition of exchange interaction can lead to frustration , where spatial arrangement of magnetic ions in a crystal for which a simultaneous antiparallel order... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the entanglement entropy , as a tool to detect and classify quantum phase transitions , has been playing an important role in the last fifteen years ( see @xcite and references therein ) . in one dimension , where most of the critical quantum chains are conformal invariant , the entanglement entropy provides a powerful... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it has been known for a long time that owing to planar property and mutual focussing , colliding plane waves ( cpw ) result in spacelike singularities [ 1 ] .
these singularities are somewhat weakened when the waves are endowed with a relative cross polarization prior to the collision . a solution given by chandrasek... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in adaptive control and recursive parameter estimation one often needs to adjust recursively an estimate @xmath0 of a vector @xmath1 , which comprises @xmath2 constant but unknown parameters , using measurements of a quantity @xmath3 here @xmath4 is a vector of known data , often called the regressor , and @xmath5 is a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the construction of background field formalism for n=2 super - yang - mills theory ( sym ) in projective hyperspace ( @xmath0 ) @xcite is an open problem .
such a formalism is desirable for any ( non-)supersymmetric theory as it simplifies ( loop ) calculations and even intermediate steps respect gauge covariance . a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the experimental data used in this paper were collected by the forward looking radar of the us army research laboratory @xcite . that radar was built for detection and possible identification of shallow explosive - like targets .
since targets are three dimensional objects , one needs to measure a three dimensional ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the @xmath3-transformation has been extensively studied since the seminal paper of rnyi in 1957 .
there is a huge amount of literature on the map itself and on the associated symbolic dynamics . over the past decade
, people became interested in the @xmath2-transformation , changing the slope of the map from positi... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
although the sunspot number varies periodically with time with an average period of 11 year , the individual cycle period ( length ) and also the strength ( amplitude ) vary in a random way .
it is observed that the stronger cycles have shorter periods and vice versa .
this leads to an important feature of solar cy... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
reticulation processes refer to the transfer of genetic material between living organisms in a non - reproduction manner .
horizontal gene transfer is believed to be a highly significant reticulation process occurring between single - cell organisms ( doolittle and bapteste 2007 ; treangen and rocha 2011 ) .
other ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in @xcite a database containing a solution of the 3d incompressible navier - stokes ( ns ) equations is presented .
the equations were solved numerically with a standard pseudo - spectral simulation in a periodic domain , using a real space grid of @xmath0 grid points .
a large - scale body force drives a turbulent... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in recent years electron transfer ( et ) between molecular adsorbates and semiconductor nanomaterials and surfaces has been subject of much research @xcite .
the injection of an electron into the conduction band is a prototype reaction for a lot of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical interfacial processes such a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
compact x - ray sources exhibit a wide range of temporal variabilities ( from milliseconds to years ) .
perhaps none of these is as exotic and diverse as the x - ray temporal variability observed from the black hole microquasar grs 1915 + 105 ( castro - tirado , brandt , & lund 1992 ; greiner , morgan , & remillard ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
galaxy clusters , the largest gravitationally - bound structures in the universe , are ideal cosmological tools .
accurate measurements of their masses provide a crucial observational constraint on cosmological models .
several dynamical methods have been available to estimate cluster masses , such as ( 1 ) optical... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
we study the problem to find solutions of _ non - homogeneous _
double - confluent heun equations that are monodromy eigenfunctions .
our study is motivated by applications to nonlinear equations modeling the josephson effect in superconductivity .
the main results , their existence and uniqueness ( theorems [ no... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
nuclear fragmentation resulting from heavy ion collsions is a complex phenomenon .
the role of equilibration and dynamics has not yet been determined as a plethora of approaches have been investigated .
examples of approaches are evaporative pictures@xcite , percolation models@xcite , lattice gas models , and dynam... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in the standard model ( sm ) , the only source of cp violation is the kobayashi - maskawa phase @xcite , localized in the unitarity triangle ( ut ) of the cabibbo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) matrix @xcite .
thanks to the precise measurements at the current @xmath3-factories , cp violation could be established in @x... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the natural shape of an isolated self - gravitating fluid is axially symmetric .
for this reason , exact axial symmetric solutions of einstein field equations are good candidates to model astrophysical bodies in general relativity . in the last decades
, several exact solutions were studied as possible galactic mod... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the open connectome project ( located at http://openconnecto.me ) aims to annotate all the features in a 3d volume of neural em data , connect these features , and compute a high resolution wiring diagram of the brain , known as a connectome .
it is hoped that such work will help elucidate the structure and function ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the cdf collaboration has reported an excess in the production of two jets in association with a @xmath1 boson production @xcite from data collected at the tevatron with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev and an integrated luminosity of 4.3 fb@xmath6 .
the @xmath1 boson is identified through a charged lepton ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
x - ray studies of fairly normal " galaxies , with high - energy emission not obviously dominated by a luminous active galactic nucleus ( agn ) , have recently been extended to cosmologically interesting distances in the deep field ( cdf ) surveys , which have now reached 1 ms of exposure ( cdf - n : hornschemeier e... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
topological phase of condensed matter systems is a quantum many - body state with nontrivial momentum or real space topology in the hilbert spaces @xcite .
recent newly discovered topological superconductor ( tsc ) has spawned considerable interests since this kind of topological phase supports the emergence of major... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the discovery of topological insulators in 2d and 3d has recently attracted a great deal of attention @xcite ( reference therein ) . the appearance of the gapless edge states within the bulk gap is generally believed to be a signature of the topological insulator .
generally speaking , a topological insulator has gap... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in the past decade , observations of type ia supernovae ( sne ia ; riess et al .
1998 ; schmidt et al . 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) , cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) fluctuations ( bennett et al . 2003 ; spergel et al . 2003 , 2007 ) , and large - scale structures ( lss ; tegmark et al . 2004 , 2006 ) have b... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
quantum systems can be correlated in ways that supersede classical descriptions .
however , there are degrees of non - classicality for quantum correlations . for simplicity , we consider only bipartite correlations , with the two , spatially separated , parties being named alice and bob as usual . at the weaker e... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
almost forty years ago exotic , apparently hybrid and unexpected events , dubbed centauros , were observed in cosmic ray ( cr ) experiments in emulsion chambers in chacaltaya by lattes and collaborators @xcite .
those events were very different from what is commonly observed in crs , exhibiting a large number of hadr... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
several decades ago , @xcite postulated that the absorption lines observed in the spectra of distant qsos are due to the extended gaseous halos of intervening galaxies . since that time
, astronomers have identified the galaxies associated with the observed absorption ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
superconducting josephson junction qubit is one of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computation @xcite .
single qubit coherent oscillations in superconducting qubits have been demonstrated experimentally @xcite and furthermore two qubit coupling and entanglement have been performed in charge @xc... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in 1985 , hoare s paper _ a couple of novelties in the propositional calculus _ @xcite was published . in this paper
the ternary connective @xmath0 is introduced as the _
conditional_. with @xmath1 and @xmath2 denoting programs and @xmath3 a boolean expression . ] a more common expression for a conditional stateme... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the presence of a surfactant film at a fluid - fluid interface alters the dynamics of the interface .
this is manifested in behavior of the interfacial waves , induced either externally or by thermal fluctuations @xcite .
the interfacial dynamics can be probed by measuring the light scattered on such surface waves ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
one of the most interesting topic of quantum physics in recent days is the characterization of universal properties of bosonic many - body system in the unitary regime @xcite . by using the feshbach resonance the two - body scattering length @xmath1
is tuned to very large values .
the unitary regime is characteriz... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the visionary who first thought of using the spin polarization of a single electron to encode a binary bit of information has never been identified conclusively .
folklore has it that feynman mentioned this notion in casual conversations ( circa 1985 ) , but to this author s knowledge there did not exist concrete sch... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
circumstellar material holds clues about the mass - loss history of massive stars . indeed ,
as the winds interact with the interstellar medium ( wind - blown bubbles , bow shocks ) , they leave a characteristic signature that depends on the wind properties . moreover , the material ejected during short eruptive phas... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
this paper presents data for the last two patches ( c and d ) of the sky observed by the public eso imaging survey ( eis ) , being carried out in preparation for the first year of regular operation of vlt .
the i - band data reported here covers a total area of 12 square degrees , down to @xmath6 , corresponding to t... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
over the past 70 years , there have been multiple attempts to dynamically model the movement of polymer chains with brownian dynamics @xcite , which have more recently been used as a model for dna filament dynamics @xcite .
one of the first and simplest descriptions was given as the rouse model @xcite , which is a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
a geodesic flow in a given direction on a translation surface induces on a transverse segment an interval exchange map .
dynamic of such transformations has been extensively studied during these last thirty years providing applications to billiards in rational polygons , to measured foliations on surfaces , to teichm... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
cataclysmic variables ( cvs ) are short - period binaries containing a white dwarf ( wd ) primary ( with mass @xmath2 ) and a low mass main sequence secondary ( with mass @xmath3 ) .
the secondary fills its roche lobe and transfers mass to the wd through the inner lagrangian ( @xmath4 ) point .
the main features of... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
we first classify the multiplicity - free permutation characters given by the actions of symmetric groups on their conjugacy classes .
for this we shall need the following lemma , ultimately due to frobenius , which implies that multiplicity - free permutation characters only come from permutation actions with relati... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
having been discovered more than a century ago @xcite , whistler waves become one of the most important waves in plasmas . such waves ( also known as helicons in solid state plasmas ) are low - frequency ( lf ) ( in comparison with the electron - cyclotron frequency , @xmath0 ) right - hand circularly polarized ( rcp ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
since its discovery , in 1980 , the quantum hall ( qh ) effect @xcite has been a very rich source of interesting problems related to topological and correlation effects in condensed matter systems .
the qh effect is observed in two - dimensional electron gases@xcite ( 2deg ) exposed to a strong magnetic field perpend... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the increasing ability of the direct @xmath0-body method to provide reliable models of the dynamical evolution of star clusters has closely mirrored increases in computing power ( heggie 2011 ) .
the community has progressed from small-@xmath0 models performed on workstations ( e.g. von hoerner 1963 ; mcmillan , hut ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
cross sections of high - energy nuclear reactions are expressed in terms of nuclear parton distribution functions ( npdfs ) , so that precise npdfs are essential for finding any new phenomena in the high - energy reactions .
recently , this topic is becoming important in heavy - ion collisions for investigating prope... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
let @xmath0 be an oriented surface of finite type , i.e. @xmath0 is a closed surface of genus @xmath1 from which @xmath2 points , so - called _ punctures _ , have been deleted .
we assume that @xmath3 , i.e. that @xmath0 is not a sphere with at most @xmath7 punctures or a torus with at most @xmath8 puncture .
we th... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
general relativity in spacetime dimension @xmath3 larger than four supports black brane solutions that , unlike in lower dimensions , are not uniquely characterized by their asymptotic charges ( mass , spin , gauge charges ) .
an example of this situation is the kaluza - klein black hole , a solution of the einstein ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the mauritius radio telescope ( mrt ) @xcite is a fourier synthesis , t - shaped non - coplanar array operating at 151.5 mhz .
the telescope was built to fill the gap in the availability of deep sky surveys at low radio frequencies in the southern hemisphere .
the aim of the survey with mrt is to contribute to th... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the properties of the relativistic fermi gas ( rfg ) model of the nucleus @xcite have inspired the idea of superscaling . in the rfg model , the responses of the system to an external perturbation
are related to a universal function of a properly defined scaling variable which depends upon the energy and the momentum... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
one of the oldest problems of algebra is the equation solvability problem over a given algebraic structure . nowadays ,
many such classical problems arise in a new perspective , namely to consider their computational complexity . in this paper
we investigate the complexity of the equation solvability problem over f... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
gliese 229b is not only the first brown dwarf recognized as genuine @xcite , but it is also the brightest and best - studied t dwarf known . with an effective temperature of @xmath5k , it lies squarely between the latest l dwarfs ( @xmath6k , @xcite ) and the giant planets of the solar system ( @xmath7k ) .
indeed , ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
densely - grafted chains on nonadsorbing substrate surfaces form the so - called `` polymer brush''@xcite .
these systems find various important applications @xcite , e.g. as lubricants @xcite , for colloid stabilization @xcite , for tuning of adhesion and wetting properties @xcite , for improving the biocompatibilit... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
systems of interacting open- and closed - strings play important roles in several aspects of string theory .
it has been found out that theories even formulated as pure closed - strings have open - string sectors when they are accompanied by d - branes @xcite .
one of the most important features of such open - clos... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in the last years wireless communication systems coped with the problem of delivering reliable information while granting high throughput . this problem has often been faced resorting to channel codes able to correct errors even at low signal to noise ratios .
as pointed out in table i in @xcite , several standards f... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
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