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the pioneering work of weinberg @xcite launched the basis for the effective field theory ( eft ) of nuclear forces starting from the expansion of an effective chiral lagrangian .
it gives a nucleon - nucleon ( nn ) interaction which is , in leading order , the one - pion - exchange potential ( opep ) plus a dirac - ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the discovery of iron - based superconductors @xcite has triggered great interests in the field of condensed matter physics .
a lot of theoretical and experimental works suggest complicated fermi surfaces and unconventional pairing mechanism@xcite .
there is a common issue between the iron pnictides and the cuprat... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
recent discoveries have underlined a key role of astrophysics in the study of nature . in this paper
we are presenting a potential instrument for measuring high energy photon polarization with a proven detector technique which should allow preparation of a reliable tool for the space - borne observatory .
polarizat... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the past decade has seen a renewed interest in low frequency radio astronomy with a strong focus on cosmology with the highly redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen .
numerous facilities and experiments are already online or under construction , including the giant metre - wave radio telescope ( gmrt ; @xcite ) , ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
when cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) photons pass through galaxy clusters , they compton up - scatter on hot electrons , making a small increment ( decrement ) above ( below ) the peak of the cmb primary spectrum .
the size of this distortion in the cmb spectrum , the sunyaev - zeldovich ( sz ) effect @xcite , is... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
experimental observations and robust theoretical arguments have established that our universe is essentially non - visible , the luminous matter scarcely accounting for one per cent of the critical density of a flat universe ( @xmath0 ) .
the current picture describes an universe consisting of unknown species of dark... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the estimation of quantum states by using measured data is crucial to verify the quality of any quantum device . to fully determine a quantum state , i.e. to perform a quantum state tomography
, one needs to accumulate enough data to compute the expectation values of an informationally complete set of observables @xc... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the prediction of the yield stress for electrorheological ( er ) fluids is the main concern in theoretical investigations of er fluids .
early studies failed to derive the experimental yield stress data @xcite because these studies were almost based on a point - dipole approximation @xcite .
the point - dipole appr... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in order for hydrodynamics codes to be able to simulate shocks it is necessary that the width of the shock be spread over a few mesh cells , or represent a few inter - particle spacings , depending on whether a grid or particle based code is being used . in reality
, however , the true width of the shock is only a fe... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
weakly interacting massive particles ( wimps ) are believed to be the most plausible candidate for dark matter ( dm ) in the universe .
wimps are predicted to exist in many extensions of the standard model of particle physics .
most of the well - motivated wimp candidates are majorana ( _ i.e. _ , @xmath0 ) fermion... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
a precise determination of the bottom quark mass , being one of the fundamental parameters in the standard model ( sm ) , is of paramount interest in several areas of present day particle phenomenology . in the past
, qcd moment sum rule analyses have been successfully applied for extracting charm and bottom quark ma... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
ngc7538irs1 was first detected in the radio at 5 ghz by @xcite , who found three compact radio sources at the se edge of the large ( @xmath3 4 ) region ngc7538 , which is at a distance 2.65 kpc @xcite .
the brightest of the three , source b , has later become known as irs1 @xcite .
the far - infrared luminosity of ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
current models of hierarchical galaxy formation predict that galaxies form via the accretion of smaller lumps of gas , stars , and dark matter ( e.g. silk & norman 1981 ; kauffman , white , & guiderdoni 1993 ; cole et al .
recent simulations of this process assuming a lambda - dominated cold dark matter ( cdm ) univ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
groups of galaxies are useful tracers of large - scale structure .
they provide sites in which to study the environmental dependence of galaxy properties , the galactic content of dark matter haloes , the small - scale clustering of galaxies , and the interaction between galaxies and hot x - ray emitting intragroup g... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
molecular species are useful diagnostics for understanding the physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium ( ism ) , and have been studied in various ways for many years .
most molecules are observed in dense molecular clouds via rotational emission lines in the radio band .
these emission studies are indispen... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the two - level model of atoms interacting with light fields @xcite has often been used to explore optical cooling mechanisms @xcite . its inherent simplicity
the atom has one ground state and one excited state makes the resulting models amenable to analysis , but also suppresses mechanisms @xcite that , in the a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
recent measurements of the positron fraction in cosmic rays ( crs ) up to 100 gev by the pamela experiment @xcite ( and of the sum of the electron plus positron fluxes by atic @xcite and ppb - bets @xcite ) have triggered a lot of interest on the possibility that there may be a dominant contribution to these terms ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the hope to develop a quantum information processing machine has made a strong impact in several distinct branches of science , e.g. , in theoretical and experimental quantum physics , in computer science , and in electrical and chemical engineering .
to succeed , it is essential to achieve high - precision quantum t... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
recently , economy has become an active research area for physicists .
they have investigated stock markets using statistical tools , such as the correlation function , multifractal , spin - glass models , and complex networks @xcite . as a consequence , it is now found evident that the interaction therein is highly ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the origin of water on earth is still puzzling ( e.g. the reviews by * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . at one end of the models ,
the high temperature in the inner accretion disk hampered hydrous phases to exist so that external sources were needed , the so - called ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the phoenix dwarf galaxy , discovered by schuster & west ( 1976 ) , has a morphological type of dirr / dsph ( mateo 1998 ) , meaning that although this galaxy has a low surface brightness and a mass and morphology like a dwarf spheroidal ( dsph ) galaxy , there is evidence of recent star formation ( canterna & flower 1... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in astrophysical plasmas , such as the solar corona , the three - dimensional ( 3d ) magnetic field topology is often highly complex . in such complex 3d magnetic fields , where traditional two - dimensional ( 2d ) x - point magnetic reconnection models may no longer be applicable , determining the sites at which dynam... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it is known that the most important component of an adaptive optics ( ao ) system is the corrector , which is the deformable mirror ( dm ) .
it can be a continuous face sheet or a surface formed by mirror segments @xcite . in the former the mirror boundary
is fixed and voltage applied to any one actuator influences... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
we , two non - experts , present several " calculations and some simple measurements related to global warming and the carbon cycle .
our purpose is to understand which phenomena are important in determining the temperature of the earth .
in this article we will use the following measured data.@xcite the power of t... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
an analysis of spin dynamics involves calculations of spin correlators .
spin operators do not satisfy the wick theorem , and various methods have been used to still enable the use of perturbative ( diagrammatic ) methods .
one of the approaches is based on the majorana - fermion representation of spin operators . ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it is the object of relativistic heavy - ion collisions to create and study strongly interacting matter excited beyond its hadronic phase @xcite .
the existence of such a phase [ the quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) ] has been predicted by lattice qcd calculations @xcite which exhibit a sudden rise in the scaled pressure... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in 1998 , bender and boettcher showed that a wide class of non - hermitian hamiltonians @xmath2 can possess entirely real spectra as long as they respect parity - time ( @xmath0 ) symmetry @xcite .
while the implications of @xmath0 symmetry in theoretical physics are still a matter of debate @xcite , classical system... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
we report on the development of the medium
resolution spectrophotometer to accompany ( in real time ) spectral observations performed with the high resolution spectrographs @xcite on the 6meter telescope bta of the special astrophysical observatory .
the spectrophotometer uses a 0.7meter optics of the bta guide te... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
to securing communications through the use of information theoretic notions was started by shannon in the 1940 s . in his papers he related fundamental notions , such as entropy , to the secrecy of cryptographic systems @xcite .
inspired by the work of shannon , wyner published a paper proving that it was theoretical... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the axion @xcite was postulated approximately twenty years ago to explain why the strong interactions conserve the discrete symmetries p and cp in spite of the fact that the standard model of particle interactions as a whole violates those symmetries .
it is the quasi - nambu - goldstone boson associated with the spo... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
organic molecules are promising candidates for the next generation of electronic devices and for solar energy conversion.@xcite among these , assemblies of dye molecules in the form of j - aggregates have attracted attention for their special optical properties.@xcite these are understood from delocalization of the exc... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in the present year 2000 we are celebrating the 100th birthday of quantum theory and the 75th birthday of quantum mechanics .
thus it took only 25 years from the first inception of the new theory until its final consolidation .
quantum field theory is almost as old as quantum mechanics .
but the formulation of a ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the enhancement of _ photoacoustic tomography _ ( pat ) by taking dissipation into account is currently a very active subfield of pat with various contributions from engineers , mathematicians and physicists . for basic facts on pat in the absence and presence of dissipation ,
we refer for example to @xcite and @xc... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the periodically forced sir model @xmath2 @xmath3 @xmath4 and variants of it , are extensively used to model seasonally recurrent diseases @xcite . here
@xmath5 are the fractions of the population which are susceptible , infective , and recovered , @xmath6 denotes the birth and death rate , @xmath7 the recovery rate ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
shear flow can drive dense colloidal dispersions into states far from equilibrium .
especially of interest is the possibility to shear melt colloidal solids , in particular metastable colloidal glasses and gels , and to investigate shear - melted ( yielding ) colloidal glasses .
does a yield stress and/or yield str... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
according to the theory of relativity or quantum electrodynamics ( qed ) , the rest mass of photon should be exactly zero .
however , even if the photon rest mass is not zero , qed and classical electromagnetism remain intact @xcite .
this is because a non - zero photon mass would not damage gauge invariance of the... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the known galactic globular clusters ( gc ) - less than 150 ( harris @xcite ) - were discovered mostly through optical searches , that are obviously biased against highly obscured gcs .
since the galaxy is estimated to have @xmath9 gcs ( harris @xcite ) , a certain number of them may still be hidden behind the galact... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in quasi - one dimensional organic conductors tmtsf ( tetrametyltetraselenafulvalence ) salts , there are several experimental evidences of superconductivity , @xcite which exhibit the large critical field being much larger than the pauli limit.@xcite for @xmath1 , the triplet superconducting(sc ) state has been mainta... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
over the past twenty years , discoveries of planets , stars and substellar objects have demonstrated the enormous diversity of astrophysical bodies in the universe .
thanks to modern techniques and technology , it is now possible to study the atmospheres of these objects and retrieve some knowledge of their compositi... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
very significant resources are being invested in large surveys of the stellar content of our galaxy .
we clearly are under an obligation to make every effort to extract as much science from these expensive data as we can .
a survey catalogue is always dominated by selection effects : it contains stars that are near... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
this work was supported by air force office of scientific research ( afosr ) ( fa8655 - 09 - 1 - 3020 ) ; engineering and physical sciences research council ( epsrc ) ( ep / k034480/1 ( bloqs ) ; ep/ j000051/1 , nqit ) ; european commission ( ec ) ( piefga-2013 - 62737 , ief - ga-2012 - 331859 , ip siqs ( 600645 ) , pi... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
during the past decade study of nonlinear behavior of magnetic crystals has been attracted large attention , specially it accompany with the progress in some other fields such as development of theory of nonlinear differential equation , achieving new laboratory results and also potential applications in other branches... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
interference of waves both in the form of light and massive particles , such as electrons , neutrals , and atoms , has proven to be a very sensitive method of measuring physical quantities ( see e.g. ref .
@xcite and references therein ) .
this includes precise measurements of electromagnetic fields , gyromagnetic ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
let @xmath15 be an oriented closed @xmath16-manifold , and @xmath17 a homomorphism between the tangent bundle @xmath18 and an oriented vector bundle @xmath19 of rank @xmath16 on @xmath20 .
suppose that @xmath21 allows only generic corank one singularities , namely it has only @xmath22-singularities .
when @xmath23 ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the discovery of the first transiting exoplanet , hd209458 ( charbonneau et al . 2000 ) was quickly followed by a measurement and characterization of the planet s atmospheric transmission spectrum ( charbonneau et al . 2002 ) .
spectroscopic observations of this type provide invaluable probes of planetary physics , f... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the main goal of the lhc physics program is to unravel the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking , with the leading explanation being the standard model higgs boson . in considering the sm higgs hypothesis , or more generally the correct description of electroweak symmetry breaking ( ewsb ) as realized in nature , it... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
collective behaviour of interacting _ intelligent _ agents such as birds , insects or fishes shows highly non - trivial properties and sometimes it seems to be quite counter - intuitive @xcite . as well - known , many - body systems having a lot of _ non - intelligent _ elements , for instance , spins ( tiny magnets in... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
prime numbers have attracted mathematically oriented minds .
they are fountains of the interesting problems which are left unresolved to the present . as well as prime numbers , natural numbers themselves sometimes show unexpected behaviors in spite of their simple appeal . in this note
, we would like to present a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the simplest model of strongly interacting bosons is the bose - hubbard model ( bhm ) , which has been used to describe superfluid helium@xcite , cooper pairs in thin granular superconducting films@xcite and josephson junction arrays@xcite .
much theoretical work has concentrated on the phase diagram of the bhm in ze... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
this work was supported by the french anr project no . anr-13-bs04 - 0013 - 01 .
we thank j. debray for sample preparation and f. lvy - bertrand for infrared measurements .
m. j. harris , s. t. bramwell , d. f. mcmorrow , t. zeiske and k. w. godfrey , phys .
lett . * 79 * , 2554 ( 1997 ) .
a. p. ramirez , a. ha... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
[ [ section ] ] in the paper @xcite published in 1987 , a. beilinson formulated his famous conjectures on the properties of hypothetical categories of mixed motivic sheaves over a scheme .
in addition to the classical case of motives with rational coefficients , some conjectures about the category of motives wit... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
nuclear cluster structure in the hoyle state , the second @xmath0 state at @xmath9 mev in @xmath2 , has been discussed for a long time by many authors @xcite .
cluster model approaches play an important role in understanding the structure and clarified that it has well developed @xmath8 cluster structure with more d... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
two outstanding mysteries in particle theory are the cause of electroweak symmetry breaking and the origin of flavor symmetry breaking by which the quarks and leptons obtain their diverse masses .
the standard model of particle physics , based on the gauge group @xmath0 accommodates both symmetry breakings by includi... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
substantial progress achieved during the past decade in studies of active galactic nuclei has brought an increasingly wider recognition of the ubiquity of relativistic outflows ( jets ) in galactic nuclei , turning them into an effective probe of nuclear regions in galaxies @xcite .
emission properties , dynamics , a... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
multi - particle and multi - jet final states are of great importance at the tevatron and at the future lhc or @xmath3 linear collider .
they serve both as signals and as important backgrounds to many new and already discovered physics channels . as an example
the production and decay of top quarks , higgs boson(s ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the meson - cloud model plays an important role in dealing with non - perturbative quantum chromodynamics effects in the nucleon .
it has been used by several groups to interpret momentum distributions of sea quarks in the nucleon @xcite , measured in deep inelastic scattering .
the standard approach is based upon ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
when lines coalesce into broad unresolved patterns due to physical broadening mechanisms ( stark effect , auto - ionization , etc . ) , they can be handled by global methods @xcite .
on the other hand , some transition arrays exhibit a small number of lines that must be taken into account individually .
those lines... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the emergence of spatio - temporal ordered structures in nonlinear systems is an ideal laboratory for investigating the trend toward complexification observed in nature at the physical , chemical , and biological level @xcite .
it is known that localized , or spatially - bound , order emerges in systems which are out... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
inflation was invented to resolve problems existing in hot big bang cosmology , such as flatness , horizon , primordial monopole problem@xcite ( for some early attempts see refs .
@xcite ) . after more than twenty years development
, one has obtained a deep sight at this theory .
however , it is still puzzled by ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in @xcite it was shown that the combinatorics of the subtraction procedure inherent to perturbative renormalization gives rise to a hopf algebra @xmath0 which provides a conceptual framework to understand the intricacies of the forest formula of zimmermann . in @xcite
, it was shown that the delicate computational... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the old nova v842 cen ( nova cen 1986 ) was discovered on 1986 november 22 by mcnaught ( 1986 ) and reached a maximum magnitude of 5.6 from its pre - outburst brightness of about 18.5 .
whitelock ( 1987 ) and sekiguchi et al .
( 1989 ) estimated the @xmath2 decay time to be 48 d , thus classifying it as a moderatel... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
future electron - positrons colliders will require a flux of positrons much higher than what can be produced with current methods .
one of the scheme that has been proposed to achieve such flux is to use an intense flux of polarized high energy gamma rays @xcite which can be converted into polarized electron - posit... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
controllable single - photon transport is of central importance in quantum information processing .
there have been many recent experimental @xcite and theoretical @xcite works probing the photon transport properties of a wavelength - scale cavity that incorporates a two- or multi - level system .
these works enc... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
recurrent novae ( rne ) are ordinary novae ( binary systems with mass accreting onto a white dwarf until thermonuclear runaway is triggered ) for which the recurrence time scale is between a decade and a century , such that more than one eruption has been observed ( payne - gaposchkin 1964 ; bode & evans 2008 ; evans e... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the study of the role of electronic correlations in transition metal compounds is one of the most actively developing fields of modern condensed matter physics .
this class of materials exhibits rich and highly nontrivial physical phenomena such as unconventional transport properties including metal - insulator trans... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the idea of noncommutative analogues of classical mathematical notions like topology , geometry , measure theory , or probability , derives from operator algebras . in the classical ( commutative ) context
, one can usually associate to a given space an appropriate set of complex - valued functions defined on that sp... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
optical frequency combs have been very useful scientific and technological tools in a wide range of applications such as optical clocks , precision spectroscopy , low phase noise microwave generation and optical communications . the general approach for producing frequency combs
is based on mode - locking in lasers .... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
let @xmath10 be @xmath2-dimensional complex - valued vectors .
we denote their inner product as @xmath11 now suppose we have a directed graph @xmath12 .
let us associate a vector @xmath13 with each vertex @xmath4 , and consider the product over all edges @xmath6 of the inner products of the corresponding vectors : ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
this work is funded by ` agence nationale de la recherche ' under grant anr-08-blan-0093 - 01 .
+ 00 b. i. abelev _ et al . _ [ the star collaboration ] , phys .
c * 75 * ( 2007 ) 054906 .
s. huang [ phenix collaboration ] , j. phys .
g * 35 * ( 2008 ) 104105 .
n. borghini and j. y. ollitrault , phy... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
description of nuclear pairing correlation has been a major subject in recent nuclear physics . for instance , in self - consistent meanfield ( scmf ) description of atomic nuclei , there have been various approaches in order to take the nuclear pairing correlation into account @xcite . these approaches based on the sc... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in parametric down - conversion , a pump photon of frequency @xmath0 incident on a medium with a second - order nonlinear susceptibility @xmath1 is split into two photons with lower frequency @xcite .
spontaneous parametric down conversion produces photon pairs that can be entangled in many degrees of freedom @xcit... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
low - frequency radio telescopes have relatively large fields - of - view , because the telescope primary beam size scales with wavelength . current high - resolution ( sub - arcminute ) radio interferometers that operate at sub - ghz frequencies , like the giant metrewave radio telescope ( gmrt ) , the low - frequency... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the exceptional luminosity of type ia supernovae ( sn ia ) , and the tight empirical relationships among the decline rate , color , and peak luminosity of their light curves @xcite , make sn ia useful probes of the cosmic expansion history @xcite .
sn ia spectra and
inferred @xmath5ni masses ( e.g. , @xcite ) sh... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
it is a long - standing problem to reproduce irreversible heat conduction phenomena , which are described by the fourier law , @xmath2 , where @xmath3 denotes the heat conductivity , on the basis of time - reversible microscopic dynamics .
recent studies have succeeded in reproducing the fourier law@xcite , and other... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
there is bountiful evidence for efficient particle acceleration at collisionless shocks in the universe .
the heliosphere , with its planetary bow shocks and traveling interplanetary shocks , has provided interesting and useful test cases for shock acceleration theories . in the remote regions of the universe , super... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in recent years , compressive sensing ( cs ) has influenced many fields in signal processing .
basically , the theory states that if an unknown signal @xmath0 can be sparsely represented , only a few @xmath1 linear and non - adaptive measurements @xmath2 of the signal suffice to accurately reconstruct it . denoting t... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
strongly interacting bosonic systems have attracted a lot of recent interest@xcite .
physical realizations include short correlation - length superconductors , granular superconductors , josephson arrays , the dynamics of flux lattices in type ii superconductors , and critical behavior of @xmath0 in porous media .
... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
aging experiments in spin glasses @xcite first carried out by lundgren
_ et al . _ , have generated a large amount of experimental as well as theoretical work .
two types of experiments have been investigated : the zero - field - cooled experiment and the thermoremanent magnetization experiment , both leading to si... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
as the only missing particle in the standard model ( sm ) , the higgs boson is being intensively hunted at the lhc . recently ,
both the atlas and cms experiments have revealed hints of a higgs particle around @xmath6 @xcite .
while such a higgs mass can be well accommodated in the sm and the reported signal rates ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
search for the quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) at relativistic heavy - ion collision experiments ( rhice ) has reached a very exciting stage with the ongoing experiments at rhic and with the upcoming heavy - ion experiments at the large hadron collider .
no one doubts that the qgp phase has already been created at rhic ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
hd50230 is a star of the b3v spectral type and a visual brightness of 8.95 mag .
the star had been regarded as constant until its first satellite observations were conducted .
* degroote et al .
( 2010 , 2012 ) ) detected more than 500 significant peaks in the _ corot _ data . with their spectroscopic observation... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the torsional oscillation was discovered by howard and labonte 1980 as a travelling wave pattern superposed on the differential rotation .
the waves propagate from the poles toward the equator and they consist of prograde and retrograde zones with respect to the mean differential rotation profile , the amplitude of t... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
magnetic multilayered films have been receiving much attention from the research community in the field of spintronics .
recently , a device has been proposed @xcite and demonstrated @xcite , in which the magnetic and spin - transport properties are controlled thermo - electrically . at the core of
the new design i... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the kondo lattice model ( klm ) is used to describe compounds containing localized magnetic moments , such as heavy fermion systems and kondo insulators .
@xcite the klm hamiltonian is given by : @xmath3here , @xmath4 and @xmath5 are itinerant and local ( @xmath6- ) spins on site @xmath7 , respectively .
the klm ta... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the physics of exotic nuclei with unusual @xmath5 ratios ( isospin ) has attracted world - wide attention . these nuclei are usually loosely bound and often exhibit resonances with a pronounced single - particle character since the fermi surface approaches the continuum . in some nuclei , the valence nucleons can be ea... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
for the past two decades , extensive studies of high-@xmath0 cuprates have spotlighted many curious phenomena .
it has been argued that most phenomena are attributable to the strong correlations among electrons , which play significant roles in these materials .
however , since the discovery of sudden changes in th... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
most stars are born in stellar clusters , which in turn form from dense cores in giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) . at least for massive clusters ( @xmath4 ) , it is known that they are highly dynamical structures and follow well - defined evolutionary tracks , depending on their initial mass and size @xcite . at very y... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
there has been a flourish of recent work concerned with time dependence in string theory ( see , for example @xcite,@xcite , @xcite , @xcite and references therein ) , where we have a @xmath0-brane probing the backgrounds of various supergravity solutions . whilst some of this work has focused on @xmath1-brane backgrou... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
metastable states in finite volume statistical mechanics lattice systems , in which stochastic transition between states are controlled by an energy function , is a well understood phenomenon .
different mathematical theories have been developed in the last decades .
the pioneering _ pathwise approach _
@xcite , ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
existence of minimal symplectic structures on @xmath1-manifolds is a fundamental question in smooth @xmath1-manifold topology .
there has been much interest especially in producing minimal symplectic @xmath1-manifolds in the homeomorphism classes of standard simply - connected @xmath1-manifolds with small second homo... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
t dwarfs are a spectral class of brown dwarfs distinguished by the presence of ch@xmath3 , h@xmath2o , and h@xmath2 collision - induced absorption ( cia ) in the near - infrared @xcite , and heavily pressure - broadened and absorption at optical wavelengths @xcite .
these objects have effective temperatures ( t@xmath... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
many physical and biological systems under multi - component control mechanisms exhibit scale - invariant features characterized by long - range power - law correlations in their output .
these scaling features are often difficult to quantify due to the presence of erratic fluctuations , heterogeneity , and nonstatio... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the concept of entanglement , as first introduced by schrdinger @xcite and discussed by einstein , podolsky , and rosen @xcite in 1935 , has historically been associated with systems of two or more quanta .
its counterintuitive consequences found a mathematical formulation in the work of bell @xcite of 1965 : pairs o... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the development of large - scale structure had to take place at epochs coresponding to redshifts greater than 0.2 ; moreover structure is now known to extend beyond scales of @xmath2 mpc .
both factors place the extent and evolution of large - scale structure beyond the reach of current optical and ir surveys and we ... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
astronomical ultraviolet studies were not possible before the advent of rocket - borne instruments and satellites due to atmospheric absorption and rayleigh scattering . the first satellite capable of uv observations , oao-2 , was launched in 1968 , and was followed by a host of other satellites ( cox 2000 ) , includin... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) are one of the most spectacular phenomena in the solar corona .
cmes show some kind of association with various forms of solar activities ; 40% of cmes were associated with flares , but more than 70% were associated with eruptive prominence or disappearing filaments ( munro et al . 197... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the recent superkamiokande data suggests the large neutrino flavor mixing between @xmath0 and @xmath1@xcite . according to this experimental result
, there have been a lot of theoretical attempts to explain why the large flavor mixing is realized in the lepton sector@xcite .
one of the interesting approaches is con... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
game theory provides a useful framework for describing the evolution of systems consisting of selfish individuals @xcite .
the prisoner s dilemma game ( pdg ) as a metaphor for investigating the evolution of cooperation has drawn considerable attention @xcite . in the pdg
, two players simultaneously choose whether... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
the low - energy interaction between hadrons contains a parity - violating ( pv ) component due to the weak interactions of quarks contained in the hadrons .
hadronic parity violation has received renewed interest with a number of ongoing and planned experiments @xcite as well as theoretical developments . traditiona... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
in fig . [ fig01]a below ( see also fig . 3 of the main text ) , a sheet of paper is wrapped around a cylinder to model the shape adopted by the thin adhesive film during our peeling / tearing experiments .
the blue solid line indicates the peeling front whose shape is identified to a curve @xmath21 obtained by the... | https://huggingface.co/datasets/ccdv/arxiv-summarization |
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