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ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฎๆ˜ ๅƒใฎไธญใงใ‚‚็‰นใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ We've got some of the most incredible video of Titanic that's ever been seen, and we're not going to show you any of it.
ๆตทใŒๅฝ“็„ถใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจๆ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅ•้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ And the problem, I think, is that we take the ocean for granted.
ๅœฐ็ƒใฎๅคงๅŠใฏๆตทใงใ™ใ€‚ Most of the planet is ocean water.
็งใฎๆ€ใ†ๅ•้กŒใฎไธ€้ƒจใฏใ€ๆตทๅฒธใซ็ซ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆตทใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใ€ๅบƒๅคงใช้’ใ‚’่‡จใ‚€ใจๆตท้ขใฏใใ‚‰ใ‚ใใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆณขใŒๅฏ„ใ›ใฆใฏ่ฟ”ใ—ใ€ๆตใ‚Œใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใใ“ใซไฝ•ใŒ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ Part of the problem, I think, is we stand at the beach, or we see images like this of the ocean, and you look out at this great big blue expanse, and it's shimmering and it's moving and there's waves and there's surf and there's tides, but you have no idea for what lies in there.
ๆˆ‘ใ€…ใŒใ“ใฎไธ–็•Œใซๅ…ฅใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚็‰นๅˆฅใชๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚’ๅฟ…่ฆใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ We have to have a very special technology to get into that unfamiliar world.
ๅคง้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๆœช้–‹ๆ‹“ใงใ™ใŒๆˆ‘ใ€…ใ‚’้ญ…ไบ†ใ—ใ€่ฆช่ฟ‘ๆ„Ÿใ™ใ‚‰่ฆšใˆใ‚‹็พŽใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ It's mostly unexplored, and yet there are beautiful sights like this that captivate us and make us become familiar with it.
่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใ‚Œใฐๆตทใฏๅœฐ็ƒใฎ75๏ผ…ใ‚’ๅ ใ‚ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€‚ When you think about it, the oceans are 75 percent of the planet.
ๆตทใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๅคšๆง˜ๆ€งใจ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅฏ†ๅบฆใฏใ€็†ฑๅธฏ้›จๆž—ใฎใใ‚Œใ‚’ไธŠๅ›žใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ The biodiversity and the biodensity in the ocean is higher, in places, than it is in the rainforests.
(็ฌ‘)ใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใ€่ˆˆ่กŒๅŽๅ…ฅใฎ่จ˜้Œฒใฏๆ‰“ใก็ซ‹ใฆใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ๆตทๆด‹ใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใช่ฉฑใงใฏใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ (Laughter) The truth of the matter is that the Titanic -- even though it's breaking all sorts of box office records -- it's not the most exciting story from the sea.
(ๆ‹ๆ‰‹)ใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ“ใƒƒใƒ‰๏ผšๅฝผใฏใƒ“ใƒซใƒปใƒฉใƒณใ‚ฐใ€็งใฏใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ–ใƒปใ‚ฌใƒญใงใ™ใ€‚ (Applause) David Gallo: This is Bill Lange. I'm Dave Gallo.
ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸใฏๆฐดไธญใงๆœ€้•ทใฎ็”Ÿ็‰ฉใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ This turns out to be the longest creature in the oceans.
ๆตทๆด‹ใƒใ‚คใ‚ชใƒžใ‚นใฎๅคงๅŠใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆง‹้€ ใงใ™ใ€‚ Most of the biomass in the ocean is made out of creatures like this.
็งใฏใ“ใฎๆ‰‹ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ I love that kind of stuff.
็ถฒใงๆ•ใพใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ They don't catch them in a net.
ใƒžใƒผใ‚ปใƒซใŒ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€Œๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎๆŽขๆคœใจใฏใ€ๆ–ฐใŸใช้ขจๆ™ฏใฎๆŽข็ดขใจใ„ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ€ๆ–ฐใŸใช่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’ๆŒใคใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ "Marcel Proust said, ""The true voyage of discovery is not so much in seeking new landscapes as in having new eyes."" "
ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใŠๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€€ใชใ‚“ใฆ้ก”ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผใ€‚ And then one of my favorites. What a face!
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไบŒ็จฎ้กžใฎใˆใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ But they have two types of gill structures.
้Ÿณใจใ—ใฆๆ‰ใˆใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜ ๅƒใ‚„ๅ†™็œŸใซๅŽใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใƒผใงๆ„Ÿ็Ÿฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€้ข็™ฝใฟใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ…จไฝ“ๅƒใจใ—ใฆใพใจใ‚ใŸใ“ใจใฏๆœชใ ใซใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ We see it either as sound, or we see it as video, or we see it as photographs, or we see it as chemical sensors, but we never have yet put it all together into one interesting picture.
ใƒ‡ใ‚คใƒ–๏ผšใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆตทๅบ•ใซ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€็‰ฉ่ชžใฎไธ€ใคใ ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็ซๅฑฑใฎๅ™ด็ซๅพŒใซๆตทๅบ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใšใ€ๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใฏใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ DG: I think that's one of the greatest stories right now that we're seeing from the bottom of the sea, is that the first thing we see coming out of the sea floor after a volcanic eruption is bacteria.
ใƒ“ใƒซ๏ผšใ€ใ“ใฎใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใซใฏๆถˆๅŒ–ๅ™จๅฎ˜ใ‚‚ๅฃใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ BL: These worms have no digestive system. They have no mouth.
ๆ•ฐcmใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ•ฐmใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ They go from a couple of inches to a couple of feet.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ซๅฑฑใฎๅฐพๆ นใงใ™ใ€‚ This is a volcanic ridge.
่ฏๆฐใง600-700ๅบฆใฎ็ฏ„ๅ›ฒใพใงไธŠๆ˜‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ Gets up to 600, 700 degrees F, somewhere in that range.
ๆœ€ๆทฑ้ƒจใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆทฑๅบฆใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅ‡บๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ We see those at all depths and even at the greatest depths.
ๅคงใใ•ใ€ๅฝขใŒๅ…จใฆ็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ They come in all different sizes and shapes.
ไธ€ใคใฏๆทฑๆตทๆฐดใ‹ใ‚‰้…ธ็ด ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๆ–นใฏๅŒ–ๅญฆๅˆๆˆ็ดฐ่Œใ‚’ๅŽๅฎนใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใฏ็†ฑๆฐดๆตไฝ“ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ…ˆใปใฉใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใŸใ€ๆตทๅบ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฒธใๅ‡บใ‚‹ใŠๆนฏใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใฎๆถˆๅŒ–ใงใใ‚‹็ด”็ฒ‹ใช็ณ–ๅˆ†ใธใจๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ One for extracting oxygen out of the deep-sea water, another one which houses this chemosynthetic bacteria, which takes the hydrothermal fluid -- that hot water that you saw coming out of the bottom -- and converts that into simple sugars that the tube worm can digest.
ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ้ ญใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ใ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใŒๅ‡บๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ You can actually see through his head.
ๆๆบใ—ใŸไบบ้”ใ‚‚ๆ–ฐใŸใช่ฆ–็‚นใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ๆ—ขๅญ˜ใฎๆตทๅบ•ใซ็œ ใ‚‹ใ€ๆ–ฐใŸใช้ขจๆ™ฏใ ใ‘ใงใชใใ€ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใฎ็”Ÿๅ‘ฝใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ People that have partnered with us have given us new eyes, not only on what exists -- the new landscapes at the bottom of the sea -- but also how we think about life on the planet itself.
็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„ใช็›ฎ็š„ใฎใŸใ‚ๆŽกๅ–ใ—ใŸๆ˜ ๅƒใงใ™ใ€‚ It's footage that we've collected for scientific purposes.
(็ฌ‘)ใ€็™บๅ…‰ใฏไปฒ้–“ใ‚’ๅผ•ใไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹้š›ใ‚„็ฒ็‰ฉใ‚’่ช˜ๆƒ‘ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚โ€•ใ€ๆ„ๆ€็–Ž้€šใซๅˆฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ (Laughter) The bioluminescence -- they use the lights for attracting mates and attracting prey and communicating.
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ™ใใซๆฝœๆฐด่‰ฆใซ็พคใŒใ‚Šใ€-ใ€็ช“ใซ็›ฎใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ไป˜ใ‘ใฆๅ†…ใ‚’่ฆ—ใ่ฆ‹ใพใ™ใ€‚ They come right up to the submarine -- they'll put their eyes right up to the window and peek inside the sub.
ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚คใ‚นใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใจใ€ใƒ˜ใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆใƒญใƒœใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ“ไฝœใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๆตทๅบ•ใธ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒๅ‡บๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ And you can sit in a room like this, with a joystick and a headset, and drive a robot like that around the bottom of the ocean in real time.
ไธกๅดใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฑฑใฏใ‚ขใƒซใƒ—ใ‚นใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚้ซ˜ใใ€ใ“ใฎ้ขจๆ™ฏใฏใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚ On either side of us are mountain ranges that are higher than the Alps, so the setting here is very dramatic.
60ใ€70ๅนดไปฃใซใฏ็ซๅฑฑใ ใฃใŸใจ็ขบ่ชใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ And we knew it was volcanic back in the '60s, '70s.
ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‘ฝใ‚’ๆ”ฏใˆใ‚‹ใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใฏๅ…จใฆใ€ๅœฐ็ƒๅ†…้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€€ใคใพใ‚ŠๅŒ–ๅญฆๅˆๆˆใงใ™ใ€‚ All the energy to support these life forms is coming from inside the Earth -- so, chemosynthesis.
ใƒ“ใƒซ๏ผšใ€ใ“ใฎ็™ฝใ„็‰ฉไฝ“ใฏใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ€ๆ‘‚ๆฐ180ๅบฆใฎๆ‰€ใงๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ BL: The white material is a type of bacteria that thrives at 180 degrees C.
ใƒ“ใƒซ๏ผšๅ•้กŒใฎไธ€ใคใฏ็”Ÿ็‰ฉๅญฆ่€…ใŒใ“ใ“ใ‚‰ใงใ€ไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅ›žๅŽไฝœๆฅญใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ BL: One of the big problems is that for the biologists working at these sites, it's rather difficult to collect these animals.
ใ“ใ“ใฏใƒ“ใƒซใฎใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใฎ่ฆ‹ใ›ใฉใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ Here's where Bill's cameras really do shine.
ใ“ใ“ใฏๅคง่ฅฟๆด‹ไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚-ใ€ใ‚ใ‚ŒใŒๅฐพๆ นใงใ™ใ€‚-ใ€ใ‚ซใƒชใƒ–ๆตทใคใพใ‚Šไธญๅคฎใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซใ‚’ๆจชๆ–ญใ—ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฏๅคชๅนณๆด‹ใ€๏ผ™ๅบฆๅŒ—ไธŠใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ And we're over the Atlantic -- that's the ridge right there -- but we're going to go across the Caribbean, Central America, and end up against the Pacific, nine degrees north.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใƒใƒฅใƒผใƒ–ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ These are called tube worms.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็†ฑๆฐดๅ™ดๅ‡บๅญ”ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ This is what's called a hydrothermal vent.
ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆตทๅบ•็ซๅฑฑใฎ่ปธใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆนงใๅ‡บใ™ๆฟƒๅฏ†ใซๅœง็ธฎใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€็กซๅŒ–ๆฐด็ด ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๆฐดใฎ้›ฒใงใ™ใ€‚ And what you're seeing here is a cloud of densely packed, hydrogen-sulfide-rich water coming out of a volcanic axis on the sea floor.
ใ‚ฆใƒƒใ‚บใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใจใฎๅ…ฑๅŒ็›ฎๆจ™ใฎไธ€ใคใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไปฎๆƒณไธ–็•Œใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœชใ ๆœช้–‹ๆ‹“ใฎไธ–็•Œใ‚’ใ€็ ”็ฉถๆ‰€ใธๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ One of the things we're trying to do at Woods Hole with our partners is to bring this virtual world -- this world, this unexplored region -- back to the laboratory.
ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใžใพใ—ใ„ใปใฉๆœ‰ๆฏ’ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ This stuff is toxic as hell, by the way.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…จใฆใ‚จใƒ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ Those are all shrimp.
ใ‚ซใƒ‹ใฎ่ƒŒ้ƒจใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใฎ้•ทใ„ใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒฉใƒกใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใ‚ใฎใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใฎ็”Ÿๆˆ็‰ฉใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ These long filaments that you see on the back of the crab are actually created by the product of that bacteria.
ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฏ้ป’ไฝ“ๆ”พๅฐ„ใ€--ใ€่ตคๅค–็ทšใฎไธ€็จฎใ€--ใ€ใŒๅ‡บใฆใ„ใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎ่ท้›ขใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ‚‚ๅ™ดๅ‡บๅญ”ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ The vents are emitting a black body radiation -- an IR signature -- and so they're able to find these vents at considerable distances.
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฒฉ่‚Œใซใใฃใคใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅฎŸใฏใ€ๅฒฉ่‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใ‚ฏใƒ†ใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ใใŽ่ฝใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ They're clinging to a rock face and actually scraping bacteria off that rock face.
ใƒ“ใƒซ๏ผšใ‚จใƒ“ใฎ่ƒŒไธญใซ็™ฝใ„Vๅญ—ๅž‹ใฎๅฐใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€‚ BL: You see this white V-shaped mark on the back of the shrimp?
(็ฌ‘)ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ“ใจใŒ่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ (Laughter) And the same thing's going on over here.
ๅฐใ•ใ„ใฎใŒ้€™ใ„ๅ›žใฃใฆใพใ™ใญใ€‚ There are smaller animals crawling around.
ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…จใฆ็œŸใฃๆš—้—‡ใฎๆทฑๆตทใงใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ Everything you see is played out in the pitch black of the deep sea.
่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€้•ทใใฏใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ€--ใ€ใ“ใ„ใคใจใ‚ใกใ‚‰ใฎใ‚„ใคใŒใ€--ใ€ๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ You watch. It doesn't take long before two guys here -- this one and one that will show up over here -- start to fight.
ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅคช้™ฝใฏไธ่ฆใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ They don't need the sun at all.
ใ“ใ†ใ—ใฆ็†ฑๆฐดๅ™ดๅ‡บๅญ”ใ‚’ๆŽขใ—ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ It's how they find the hydrothermal vents.
ใ“ใฎ่ฐทใฏใ€ๆŸฑใซๅ™ดใๅ‡บใ‚‹็†ฑๆนฏใ€็ซๅฑฑๆดปๅ‹•โ€•ใ€ๅœฐ้œ‡ใจใ„ใฃใŸ็•ฐๆง˜ใชๅ…‰ๆ™ฏใซๆบขใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅœฐ็ƒๅ†…้ƒจใง็”Ÿๆˆใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅŒ–ๅญฆใ‚จใƒใƒซใ‚ฎใƒผใ‚’ใ€็ณงใซ็”Ÿใใ‚‹ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใช็”Ÿ็‰ฉใŒๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ So here, you've got this valley with this incredible alien landscape of pillars and hot springs and volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, inhabited by these very strange animals that live only on chemical energy coming out of the ground.
ๅฎŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…‰ใ‚ปใƒณใ‚ตใƒผๅ™จๅฎ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ It's actually a light-sensing organ.
ใƒใƒฅใƒผใƒ–ใƒฏใƒผใƒ ใซ็ˆชใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ซใƒ‹ใŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚้ ญใ‚’ใใฃใคใ‘ใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ Here's a crab with his claw right at the end of that tube worm, waiting for that worm to stick his head out.
ๅคšๅˆ†ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰้€ฒๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ That's probably where we evolved from.
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใฏๅœฐ้œ‡ใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ—ใ€๏ผ•ๅนดๆฏŽใใ‚‰ใ„ใซ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹็ซๅฑฑใฎๅ™ด็ซใงใ€ไฝ•ใ‚‚ใ‹ใ‚‚ๆตใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ And then there's earthquakes, and then volcanic eruptions, on the order of one every five years, that completely wipes the area out.
ๅ™ดๅ‡บๅญ”่‡ชไฝ“ใฏ็Ÿญๅ‘ฝใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ไธ€็ฎ‡ๆ‰€ใฏ10ๅนด็จ‹ๅบฆใ—ใ‹ๅญ˜็ถšใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใฎ็”Ÿๆ…‹็ณปใฏไฝ•็™พไธ‡ใ€--ใ€ใ„ใ‚„ไฝ•ๅๅ„„ใ€--ใ€ๅนดใ‚‚็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚ Although the vent sites are short-lived -- an individual site may last only 10 years or so -- as an ecosystem they've been stable for millions -- well, billions -- of years.
ใซใ‚‚้–ขใ‚ใ‚‰ใš๏ผ‘ๅนดใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅ‘ฝใŒๆˆปใฃใฆๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ Despite that, these animals grow back in about a year's time.
่„†ใ„ใฎ๏ผŸใ„ใˆใ€ใใ‚“ใชใซ่„†ใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Is it fragile? No, it's not really very fragile.
ๅคง้™ธใฏๅˆ†ๆ–ญใ—ใ€ๅ†ใณใ‚ใใ‚Šๅˆใ†ใ€‚ The continents move apart. They come back together.
ๆตทใ‚‚ๅฑฑใ‚‚ๆฐทๅฑฑใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ›ใฆใฏใ‹ใˆใ™ใ€‚ Oceans come and go. Mountains come and go. Glaciers come and go.
ๅ †็ฉ็‰ฉใ‚„ๅฒฉใ‚’่ฆณๅฏŸใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ€ใ•ใ‹ใฎใผใ‚‹ใจ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅœฐ็ƒใฎๆญดๅฒใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ What we see when we look back in time, in those sediments and rocks, is a record of Earth history.
้ฉšๆ„•ใฎ็‰ฉ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ It's an incredible story.
ๆตทใ€ๆตทๆฐดใ€ๅ †็ฉ็‰ฉใ€ๆตทๅบ•ใฎๅฒฉใฎไธญใซใฏใ€็‰ฉ่ชžใŒ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ There's a story in the sea, in the waters of the sea, in the sediments and the rocks of the sea floor.
้ฆฌ้นฟใ’ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€‚ It's absurd. It's just absurd.
ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใฎใ‚ใ‚Šใจใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏๅ‘จๆœŸใจใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใซๅพ“ใฃใฆๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ Everything on this planet -- everything -- works by cycles and rhythms.
ใƒ“ใƒชใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚“ใ–ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ I'm sick and tired of us being last.
ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ Thank you very much.
ไฟๅญ˜ใจใ„ใ†ๆฆ‚ๅฟตใฏ่™šใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ The concept of preservation is futile.
ไฟๅ…จใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ Conservation's tougher, but we can probably get there.
็งใŸใกใฏ้ฉๆ–ฐๆ€งใซใŠใ„ใฆใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ๆœ€ไธ‹ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚ We're last place in Europe in innovation.
้ฉๆ–ฐๆ€งใ‚’ๅฐŠใฐใชใ„ๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใชใฎใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€ๅพŒๅฐพใ€ๆœ€ไฝŽใ€ๆœ€ไธ‹ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚ There we are right at the end, right at the bottom, last place as a culture that doesn't value innovation.
ใ‚ใชใŸๆ–นใŒๆญฆๅŠ›่กŒไฝฟใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆญŒใฃใฆๆฐ—ๅ‹ขใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฑกๅพดใ™ใ‚‹่‰ฒใ‚’้ธใถๅ‰ใซใ€็งใฎ่จ€ใ†้ฉๅ‘ฝใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ๅฎš็พฉใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ Now before you get up in arms, or you break into song, or you pick a favorite color, I want to define what I mean by revolution.
(ๆ‹ๆ‰‹)ใ€็งใฏไปŠๆ—ฅใ€้ฉๅ‘ฝใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ (Applause) I'm here today to start a revolution.
้ฉๅ‘ฝใจใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ใ€ๆ€ใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆๅคงใใๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ By revolution, I mean a drastic and far-reaching change in the way we think and behave -- the way we think and the way we behave.
ๅฎŸใฏEUใงๆœ€ไธ‹ไฝใฐใ‹ใ‚Šใงใชใใ€ใƒจใƒผใƒญใƒƒใƒ‘ๅ…จไฝ“ใงๆœ€ไธ‹ไฝใ€€ใƒ“ใƒชใงใ™ใ€‚ And there we are, not just last in the E.U., we're last in Europe, at the very bottom.
ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ Thank you.
็งใŸใกใฏๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใงใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ๅ“€ใ‚Œใชๅ›ฝใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘ไธ€ไบบๅฝ“ใŸใ‚ŠใฎGDPใฏใ€ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใงใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ๅ“€ใ‚Œใงใ™ใ€‚ We're the saddest place on Earth, relative to GDP per capita -- the saddest place on Earth.
็ตŒๆธˆใฎๅŽŸๅ‹•ๅŠ›ใฏใ€ไธญๅฐใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚นใ ใจใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ่ชใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใซใ€‚ And this is despite the fact that everybody knows that small business is the engine of economies.
็งใŸใกใฏ่€ƒใˆๆ–นใ‚„่กŒๅ‹•ใ‚’ๅЇ็š„ใซๅค‰ใˆใ€็งใŸใก่‡ช่บซใ€ๅ‹้”ใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฎถๆ—ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœชๆฅใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฌใƒชใ‚ขใ‚’ๅค‰้ฉใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ We need a drastic change in the way we think and behave to transform Bulgaria for the better, for ourselves, for our friends, for our family and for our future.
ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ†ใชใฃใŸใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†?ใ€‚ How did this happen?
็งใฏใ€Œ้Šใณใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใ€‚ "I said ""play,"" all right. "
่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใฎ้Šใณใ€ๅญไพ›ใฎ้Šใณใ€ๅคงไบบใฎ้Šใณใ€‚ Babies play, kids play, adults play.
้Šใณใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใฃใŸๆ–นใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใพใ•ใซ้Šใณใงใ™ใ€‚ In case some of you forgot what play is, this is what play looks like.
ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€้Šใณใ‚’่ปฝใ‚“ใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ In fact, we devalue play.
็งใŸใกใฏ้Šใณใซไพกๅ€คใ‚’่ชใ‚ใšใ€ใใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ‚’่‡ชใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญขใ‚ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ We're holding ourselves back because we don't value play.
ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€Œใพใ˜ใ‚ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ To be really, really serious.
๏ผˆๆ‹ๆ‰‹๏ผ‰ใ€ใพใ˜ใ‚ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€‚ (Applause) Be serious.
็งใŸใกใฏใ€้Šใณใ‚’ๅฐŠใณใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ We don't value play.
ใพใ˜ใ‚ใช้บไผๅญใงใ™ใ€‚ It's a serious gene.
(็ฌ‘)ใ€๏ผˆๆ‹ๆ‰‹๏ผ‰ใ€ไฝœ็”จใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ (Laughter) (Applause) And here's how it works.
ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒƒใƒ—๏ผ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†?ใ€‚ But then what happens in step three?
ใใฎๅพŒใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†?ใ€‚ What happens then?
้Šใณใซไพกๅ€คใ‚’่ฆ‹ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆœ€ไธ‹ไฝใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ And that's why we're last, because we don't value play.
ใชใ‚“ใฆ็ฝชใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใชใ‚“ใฆ็ฝชใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ What a crime. What a crime.
ใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚‚ใชใ„ๅˆถๅบฆใงใ™ใ€‚ It's a crap system.
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
def prompt(japanese, english):
    system_prompt = cleandoc("""<s>[INST]Your role is to evaluate the accuracy of the provided Japanese to English translation.
    - Translations with parts missing should be rejected.
    - Incomplete translations should be rejected.
    - Inaccurate translations should be rejected.
    - Poor grammar should be rejected.
    - Any kind of mistake should be rejected.
    - Bad spelling should be rejected.
    - Low quality english should be rejected.
    - Low quality japanese should be rejected.
    - High quality translations should be accepted.
    - Respond with only 'ACCEPT' or 'REJECT'."""
    )
    return system_prompt + f"JAPANESE: {japanese}\nENGLISH: {english}[/INST]\n"
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