Fig. 2. Temperature and irradiance effects on I-V characteristics of PV arrays/cells [46]
Fig. 3. Variations of solar irradiance and temperature throughout a day conditioning PVGCS operation
Firstly, under a steady state condition, input, load and utility under consideration are treated as being constant with slightly change weather condition. Installed capacities of PV systems in a steady state are low, medium and high capacity. According to the weather conditions throughout a day as shown in Fig. 3 [47-48], a low radiation about 0-400 W/m² is common in an early morning (6:00 AM-9:00 AM) and early evening (16:00 PM-19:00 PM), medium radiation of 400-800 W/m² in late morning (9:00 AM-11:00 PM) and early afternoon (14:00 PM-16:00 PM) and high radiation of 800-1000 W/m² around noon (11.00