messages listlengths 2 2 |
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[
{
"content": "Question: Is eligibility for a chemotherapy protocol a good prognostic factor for invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess whether eligibility to an adjuvant chemotherapy protocol in itself represents a good prognostic factor after radical cystectomy f... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Delayed imaging in routine CT examinations of the abdomen and pelvis: is it worth the additional cost of radiation and time?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the potential benefits of delayed phase imaging series in routine CT scans of th... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does the SCL 90-R obsessive-compulsive dimension identify cognitive impairments?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the relevance of the Symptom Checklist 90-R Obsessive-Compulsive subscale to cognition in individuals with brain tumor.', 'A prospective study of patients assessed w... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is it possible to stop treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs in patients with e-antigen negative chronic hepatitis B?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) is usually indefinite, since the loss of HBsAg, as a cri... |
[
{
"content": "Question: The influence of atmospheric pressure on aortic aneurysm rupture--is the diameter of the aneurysm important?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The rate of aortic aneurysm rupture correlates with the aneurysm's diameter, and a higher rate of rupture is observed in patients with larger aneurysms... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Sternal skin conductance: a reasonable surrogate for hot flash measurement?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study aims to examine the accuracy of a new sternal skin conductance (SSC) device in measuring hot flashes and to assess the acceptability of the device by women.', 'Three small de... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is prophylactic fixation a cost-effective method to prevent a future contralateral fragility hip fracture?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [': A previous hip fracture more than doubles the risk of a contralateral hip fracture. Pharmacologic and environmental interventions to prevent hip fractur... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does Residency Selection Criteria Predict Performance in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['More than 1000 candidates applied for orthopaedic residency positions in 2014, and the competition is intense; approximately one-third of the candidates failed to secure a p... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Antral follicle assessment as a tool for predicting outcome in IVF--is it a better predictor than age and FSH?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study is to determine if baseline antral follicle assessment may serve as additional information in predicting in vitro fertilizat... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does feeding tube insertion and its timing improve survival?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine survival with and without a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube using rigorous methods to account for selection bias and to examine whether the timing of feeding tube ins... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does early discharge with nurse home visits affect adequacy of newborn metabolic screening?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the impact of early discharge on newborn metabolic screening.', 'Metabolic screening results were obtained from the Alabama State Lab for all infants born at ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does high-dose radiotherapy benefit palliative lung cancer patients?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present analysis compares two palliative treatment concepts for lung cancer in terms of overall survival.', 'Survival data from 207\\xa0patients were used in a retrospective analysis. All ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is there a role for leukocyte and CRP measurements in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the elderly?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still difficult and the results are unsatisfactory in three particular patient groups: in children, in fertile-age w... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does desflurane alter left ventricular function when used to control surgical stimulation during aortic surgery?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although desflurane is commonly used to control surgically induced hypertension, its effects on left ventricular (LV) function have not been investi... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Gluten tolerance in adult patients with celiac disease 20 years after diagnosis?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Celiac disease (CD) is believed to be a permanent intolerance to gluten. A number of patients, however, discontinue the gluten-free diet (GFD) without developing symptoms or signs.... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Are WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF-recommended replacement milks for infants of HIV-infected mothers appropriate in the South African context?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Little is known about the nutritional adequacy and feasibility of breastmilk replacement options recommended by WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF. ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do inhaled corticosteroids affect perception of dyspnea during bronchoconstriction in asthma?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Some of the disagreements on the perception of dyspnea (PD) during bronchoconstriction in asthma patients could depend on the interrelationships among the following: ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Are acceptance rates of a national preventive home visit programme for older people socially imbalanced?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Preventive home visits are offered to community dwelling older people in Denmark aimed at maintaining their functional ability for as long as possible, but ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is there a correlation between androgens and sexual desire in women?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['For women, the correlation between circulating androgens and sexual desire is inconclusive. Substitution with androgens at physiological levels improves sexual function in women who experience... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Major depression and alcohol use disorder in adolescence: Does comorbidity lead to poorer outcomes of depression?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Comorbid major depression (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly in adolescents, have been shown to be associated with poorer subsequent... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Prostate bed target interfractional motion using RTOG consensus definitions and daily CT on rails : Does target motion differ between superior and inferior portions of the clinical target volume?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Using high-quality CT-on-rails imaging, the daily motion of the p... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Are octogenarians at high risk for carotid endarterectomy?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several prospective randomized trials have proved carotid endarterectomy to be safe and effective for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients younger than 80 years of age. Recently, carotid artery st... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Immune suppression by lysosomotropic amines and cyclosporine on T-cell responses to minor and major histocompatibility antigens: does synergy exist?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Using murine models, we have shown that the lysosomotropic amine, chloroquine, is effective in the prevention of... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Effects of exercise training on heart rate and QT interval in healthy young individuals: are there gender differences?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of exercise training on heart rate, QT interval, and on the relation between ventricula... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does base deficit predict mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Base Deficit (BD) is a marker of tissue hypoxia in polytrauma patients. It guides resuscitative measures, and predicts outcomes, complications and mortality. The aim of this stu... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Syncope during bathing in infants, a pediatric form of water-induced urticaria?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Apparent life-threatening events in infants are a difficult and frequent problem in pediatric practice. The prognosis is uncertain because of risk of sudden infant death syndrome.',... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does laparoscopic cholecystectomy influence peri-sinusoidal cell activity?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the influence of laparoscopic procedures on perisinusoidal cell function.', 'In 31 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis, the ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is adjustment for reporting heterogeneity necessary in sleep disorders?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Anchoring vignettes are brief texts describing a hypothetical character who illustrates a certain fixed level of a trait under evaluation. This research uses vignettes to elucidate factors ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does sex affect the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of our study was to determine the effect of sex on the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of operative time, conversion to open cholecystectomy, postoperative complications and m... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is fluoroscopy essential for retrieval of lower ureteric stones?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ureteroscopy for lower ureteric stones without the use of fluoroscopy.', 'Between June 2001 and January 2005, a total of 110 patients with a mea... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do Surrogates of Injury Severity Influence the Occurrence of Heterotopic Ossification in Fractures of the Acetabulum?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the relationship between injury severity surrogates and other patient factors with the development and severity of heterotopic oss... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Epidural analgesia for surgical treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: a risky technique?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the risks of haemodynamic instability, and the possible occurrence of spinal haematoma, meningitis and epidural abscess when epidural analgesia is performed for ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Telemedicine and type 1 diabetes: is technology per se sufficient to improve glycaemic control?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Each patient received a smartphone with an insulin dose advisor (IDA) and with (G3 group) or without (G2 group) the telemonitoring/teleconsultation function. Patient... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Mammographic screening in Sami speaking municipalities and a control group. Are early outcome measures influenced by ethnicity?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Female citizens of Sami (the indigenous people of Norway) municipalities in northern Norway have a low risk of breast cancer. The obj... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is ganglionated plexi ablation during Maze IV procedure beneficial for postoperative long-term stable sinus rhythm?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the role of surgical ablation targeting the autonomous nervous system during a Cox-Maze IV procedure in the maintenance of sinus ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Should serum pancreatic lipase replace serum amylase as a biomarker of acute pancreatitis?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serum pancreatic lipase may improve the diagnosis of pancreatitis compared to serum amylase. Both enzymes have been measured simultaneously at our hospital allowing for a... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Transgastric endoscopic splenectomy: is it possible?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously reported the feasibility of diagnostic and therapeutic peritoneoscopy including liver biopsy, gastrojejunostomy, and tubal ligation by an oral transgastric approach. We present results of p... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Subclavian steal syndrome: can the blood pressure difference between arms predict the severity of steal?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['A side-to-side difference in systolic brachial arterial blood pressure is a common finding in subclavian artery stenosis and is frequently used as a screeni... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Can transcranial direct current stimulation be useful in differentiating unresponsive wakefulness syndrome from minimally conscious state patients?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Disorders of consciousness (DOC) diagnosis relies on the presence or absence of purposeful motor responsiveness, ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do French lay people and health professionals find it acceptable to breach confidentiality to protect a patient's wife from a sexually transmitted disease?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine under what conditions lay people and health professionals find it acceptable for a physician... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Medical student education in emergency medicine: do students meet the national standards for clinical encounters of selected core conditions?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Establishing a core curriculum for undergraduate Emergency Medicine (EM) education is crucial to development of the spe... |
[
{
"content": "Question: The clinical significance of bile duct sludge: is it different from bile duct stones?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Some patients with suspected common bile duct (CBD) stones are found to have sludge and no stones. Although sludge in the gallbladder is a precursor of gallbladder stones, the... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is nasogastric decompression useful in prevention of leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Although its excellent results, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) presents major complications ranging from 0% to 29%. Among them, the staple line leak presen... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is laparoscopic sonography a reliable and sensitive procedure for staging colorectal cancer?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Laparoscopic colectomy has developed rapidly with the explosion of technology. In most cases, laparoscopic resection is performed for colorectal cancer. Intraoperative ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is irritable bowel syndrome a diagnosis of exclusion?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Guidelines emphasize that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not a diagnosis of exclusion and encourage clinicians to make a positive diagnosis using the Rome criteria alone. Yet many clinicians are concerned... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does the radiographic transition zone correlate with the level of aganglionosis on the specimen in Hirschsprung's disease?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The correlation between radiographic transition zone on contrast enema in Hirschsprung's disease and the total length of aganglionosis is... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Prognostic factors for cervical spondylotic amyotrophy: are signs of spinal cord involvement associated with the neurological prognosis?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic factors for cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA).', 'The authors re... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Prognosis of low-tone sudden deafness - does it inevitably progress to Meniere's disease?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To investigate whether low-tone SD was a precursor of Meniere's disease and whether patients with low-tone SD suffered from endolymphatic hydrops.\", \"This was a retrosp... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE-1) gene polymorphism lead to chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypertension is one of the important contributing factors linked with both causation and development of kidney disease. It is a multifacto... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Amblyopia: is visual loss permanent?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The records of 465 patients with an established diagnosis of age related macular degeneration who had attended a specialist macular clinic between 1990 and 1998 were scrutinised. A full clinical examination and standardised ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: BCRABL transcript detection by quantitative real-time PCR : are correlated results possible from homebrew assays?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Quantitative real-time PCR has become the predominant molecular technique to monitor BCRABL levels in response to treatment in Ph(+) leukemia patie... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Spinal subdural hematoma: a sequela of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['A case of spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of a ruptured internal carotid aneurysm is described. Such a case has never been reported.', 'A 52... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion device alter the echocardiography and electrocardiogram parameters in patients with atrial fibrillation?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The alterations of echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients received left atrial appendage LAA oc... |
[
{
"content": "Question: A patient with myelomeningocele: is untethering necessary prior to scoliosis correction?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Tethering of the spinal cord is thought to increase the chance of neurological injury when scoliosis correction is undertaken. All patients with myelomeningocele (MM) are ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Seventeen patients, aged 7-54\\xa0years (mean of 37.2\\xa0year), were treated by pulpotomy and filling with ProRoot MTA(®) in premolar or molar teeth with vital pulps and without clinical evidence... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins: does site of access influence early outcomes?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The study was performed to evaluate the clinical and technical efficacy of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of small saphenous varicositi... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Convulsions and retinal haemorrhage: should we look further?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The prevalence of retinal haemorrhages after convulsions is not well established. As these haemorrhages are considered characteristic of child abuse, we investigated their occurrence after convulsive ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Global Longitudinal Pathway: has medical education curriculum influenced medical students' skills and attitudes toward culturally diverse populations?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Pathway represents a longitudinal program for medical students, consisting of both domestic and internatio... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Are many colorectal cancers due to missed adenomas?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['An unknown number of colorectal cancers could be due to missed adenomas during previous endoscopy. Data in the literature are sparse. A large cross-sectional study was done in a prospective database of all pat... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is the processing of affective prosody influenced by spatial attention?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present study asked whether the processing of affective prosody is modulated by spatial attention. Pseudo-words with a neutral, happy, threatening, and fearful prosody were presented at... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Pancreas retransplantation: a second chance for diabetic patients?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['If pancreas transplantation is a validated alternative for type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease, the management of patients who have lost their primary graft is poorly defined.... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do hospitals provide lower quality care on weekends?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the effect of a weekend hospitalization on the timing and incidence of intensive cardiac procedures, and on subsequent expenditures, mortality and readmission rates for Medicare patients hospitaliz... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does Viral Co-Infection Influence the Severity of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Multiple viruses are often detected in children with respiratory infection but the significance of co-infection in pathogenesis, severity and outcome is unclear.', 'To co... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Appendectomy timing: Will delayed surgery increase the complications?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study investigated whether the time from emergency room registration to appendectomy (ETA) would affect the incidence of perforation and postoperative complications in patients with acut... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is fetal gender associated with emergency department visits for asthma during pregnancy?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate if fetal gender (1) affects the risk of having an emergency department (ED) visit for asthma; and (2) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among wom... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Rotator cuff tear--an occupational disease?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['In literature there are only few data which describe the influence of occupation on the development of rotator cuff disease.', 'In a retrospective study, 760 open rotator cuff repairs were analysed and related to the ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is zero central line-associated bloodstream infection rate sustainable?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Adoption and implementation of evidence-based measures for catheter care leads to reductions in central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in the NICU. The purpose of this... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is atropine needed with ketamine sedation?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare atropine with placebo as an adjunct to ketamine sedation in children undergoing minor painful procedures. Outcome measures included hypersalivation, side effect profile, parental/patient satisfaction, and pr... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Are wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation equivalent?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The authors examined equivalence of wandering and physically nonaggressive agitation (PNA) as concepts.', 'A cross-sectional correlational design was used.', 'Participants were recruited from 22 n... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is an advance care planning model feasible in community palliative care?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['An effective advance care planning programme involves an organizational wide commitment and preparedness for health service reform to embed advance care planning into routine practice. Int... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do foreign bodies migrate through the body towards the heart?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Fixation of foreign bodies (FB), in the mucosa, can favor its migration, giving origin to the popular saying: 'FB walk to the heart'.AIM: Describe the mechanisms involved in FB migration and how to ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does rugby headgear prevent concussion?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the attitudes of players and coaches to the use of protective headgear, particularly with respect to the prevention of concussion.', 'A questionnaire designed to assess attitudes to headgear was administered to... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Must early postoperative oral intake be limited to laparoscopy?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['This prospective, randomized study was designed to evaluate whether or not early postoperative feeding (claimed as a unique benefit of laparoscopic surgery) is possible after laparotomy and colorec... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Are failures of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction associated with steep posterior tibial slopes?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recently, increasing number of literature has identified the posterior tibial slope (PTS) as one of the risk factors of primary anterior cruciate ligament (... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do elderly patients call 911 when presented with clinical scenarios suggestive of acute stroke?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Among patients with acute stroke symptoms, delay in hospital admission is the main obstacle for the use of thrombolytic therapy and other interventions associated wi... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is routine chest radiography after transbronchial biopsy necessary?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pneumothorax following flexible bronchoscopy (FB) with transbronchial biopsy (TBB) occurs in 1 to 6% of cases. Routine chest radiography (CXR) following TBB is therefore requested by most pulmo... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does timing of initial surfactant treatment make a difference in rates of chronic lung disease or mortality in premature infants?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare two treatment strategies in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome: early surfactant administr... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Do people who were passive smokers during childhood have increased risk of long-term work disability?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Regular inhalation of tobacco smoke, whether it be voluntary or not, may have profound negative effects on the body. Also intervertebral discs may be affected... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Can mandibular depiction be improved by changing the thickness of double-oblique computed tomography images?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Multislice helical computed tomography (CT), which can provide detailed 2-D and 3-D reconstructed images, is useful in imaging diagnosis for dental impl... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Chemoradiation instead of surgery to treat mid and low rectal tumors: is it safe?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['The main treatment for rectal carcinoma is surgery. Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is advocated to reduce local recurrence and improve resection of mid and low tethered rectal ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Can multiple SNP testing in BRCA2 and BRCA1 female carriers be used to improve risk prediction models in conjunction with clinical assessment?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at different loci have been associated with breast cancer susceptibilit... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Starting insulin in type 2 diabetes: continue oral hypoglycemic agents?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the effects of insulin 30/70 twice daily or bedtime isophane (NPH) insulin plus continued sulfonylurea and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.', 'Open-la... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Is amoxapine an atypical antipsychotic?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['All currently available atypical antipsychotics have, at clinically relevant doses: i) high serotonin (5-HT)2 occupancy; ii) greater 5-HT2 than dopamine (D)2 occupancy; and iii) a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side e... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Does continuous intravenous infusion of low-concentration epinephrine impair uterine blood flow in pregnant ewes?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Bolus intravenous injection of epinephrine can decrease uterine blood flow. This study examined the effects of intravenous infusion of epinephrine ... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Increased neutrophil migratory activity after major trauma: a factor in the etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome?\n\nContext: {'contexts': ['Neutrophil infiltration of the lung is characteristic of early posttraumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study exam... |
[
{
"content": "Question: Memory-provoked rCBF-SPECT as a diagnostic tool in Alzheimer's disease?\n\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary degenerative disease that progressively affects all brain functions, with devastating consequences for the patient, the patient's family and society. ... |
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