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ื’'ื•ื˜ื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ื ื”
ื’'ื•ึนื˜ึผื•ึน ื“ึดื™ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึฐื“ื•ึนื ึถื” (ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: Giotto di Bondone; ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื’'ื•ื˜ื•; ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1267 โ€“ 8 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1337) ื”ื™ื” ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™. ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ื“ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™. ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื’'ื•ื˜ื• ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืœื™ื“ ืคื™ืจื ืฆื”. ืื‘ื™ื•, ื‘ื•ื ื“ื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื—ืงืœืื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืขื” ืฆืืŸ. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›...
2024-05-31T14:05:04
ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื•ืŸ
380px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฆื“ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืค ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžึดื™ื˜ื•ึนื›ื•ึนื ึฐื“ึฐึผืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ (ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช: ื ื•ึนืฉึฐืืžื•ึนืŸ; ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Mitochondrion; ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื: ืžึดื™ื˜ื•ึนื›ื•ึนื ึฐื“ึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืื• ืžึดื™ื˜ื•ึนื›ื•ึนื ึฐื“ึฐืจึดื™ึธึผื”; ืžื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช: ฮœฮนฯ„ฮฟฯ‡ฯŒฮฝฮดฯฮนฮฟฮฝ, ฮผฮฏฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ (ืžื™ื˜ื•ืก): ื—ื•ื˜ + ฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฮดฯฮฏฮฟฮฝ (ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื•ืŸ): ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ, "ื’ืจื’ื™ืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ ืกื™ื‘") ื”ื•ื ืึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”...
2024-08-30T07:23:25
ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช (ืžืฉื—ืง)
ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืœื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื ืื” ืื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื›ืš ืฉืœืฆื“ ื”ืชื•ืคืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืžืชื•. ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ื• ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจื ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื. ืฉ...
2024-08-17T08:20:19
ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืœื™ื–ื
ื‘ึผื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืœื™ื–ื (Botulism) (ื ืงื ืงืช) ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืขืœื” ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืขืœืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง Clostridium Botulinum. ืจืขืœืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขืœืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื—ื™ื™ื“ืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ: ื’ืจื ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื”ืจืขืœืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืง ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื“. ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื...
2022-08-28T07:04:32
ืžืขื’ืœ ืงืจื‘ืก
ืžึทืขึฐื’ึทึผืœ ื—ึปืžึฐืฆึทืช ื”ึทืœึดึผื™ืžื•ึนืŸ, ืžึทืขึฐื’ึทึผืœ ืงึฐืจึตื‘ึฐึผืก (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle) ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ืคืงืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœืžืขื’ืœ ืงืจื‘ืก ืฉืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืžืขื’ืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืฆื™ื˜ืจื™ืช, ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืงืจื‘ื•ืงืกื™ืœื™ื•ืช (ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ: ืžืขื’ืœ TCA) ื•ืžืขื’ืœ ืงืจื‘ืก-ืกื ื˜-ื’ื™ื™ืจื’ื™. ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ืงืจื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื›...
2024-09-12T20:43:59
ืฉืžืื™ (ืžืงืฆื•ืข)
ืฉืžืื™ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ (ืฉื•ืžื”) ืฉืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื• ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™. ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื–ื” ื ื—ืœืง ืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืื—ื“ื™ื: ืฉืžืื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ: ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืžืื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ. ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ: ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื ื›ืก ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืข...
2024-02-07T06:16:56
ืจืขืœืŸ
ืจืขืœืŸ (ื‘ืœื•ืขื–ื™ืช: ื˜ื•ืงืกื™ืŸ) ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจืขื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื (ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”). ืจืขืœื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื. ื”ืจืขืœื ื™ื ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืžื›ืœืœ ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคื’ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื, ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื, ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“ื™ื ืื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ...
2023-11-09T14:10:11
ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|200px|ืื™ื•ืจ ืž-1920 ื”ืžืชืืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ "Pease Porridge Hot" ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ (ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืžืฉื—ืง ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™), ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืžื—ื™ืืช ื›ืฃ ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืฆืœื™ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื–ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื. ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื—ื™ืืช ื”ื›ืฃ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ืจ...
2024-07-07T05:47:08
ื’'ืื ื™ ืจื™ื‘ืจื”
ื’'ื•ื‘ืื ื™ (ื’'ืื ื™) ืจื™ื‘ืจื” (ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: Gianni Rivera; ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-18 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1943) ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ืง ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืœืืŸ ื•ื ืžื ื” ืขื ืกืžืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ. ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœื ื™ื ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” "ื ืขืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘" ("ื‘ืžื‘ื™ื ื• ื“'ืื•ืจื•"). ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื•ืืœื” ืกืŸ ื‘ืจืชื•ืœื•ืžืื• ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 1...
2024-08-30T15:14:33
ืœื•ืื™ ื–'ืืง ืžื ื“ื” ื“ืื’ืจ
ืœื•ืื™ ื–'ืืง ืžื ื“ื” ื“ืื’ืจ (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: Louis Jacques Mandรฉ Daguerre; 18 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1787 โ€“ 10 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1851), ื”ื™ื” ืืžืŸ ืฆืจืคืชื™, ืžืžืฆื™ื ื”ื“ืื’ืจื•ื˜ื™ืค ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจืžื” ื•ืžืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื. ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘, ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– , ืžื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ ืœืคืจื™ื–. 250px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื—ืชืš ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื• ื“ืื’ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, 1823 250px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|ืœื•ื— ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœืื•ืŸ-ื–'ื•ืื•,...
2024-05-19T06:02:24
ื“ืืงื”
ื“ืืงื” (ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื™ืช: เฆขเฆพเฆ•เฆพ; ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื ื“ึฐื”ึธืืงึธื”) ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”. ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื ืช 2022, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื ืชื” ื›-10.295 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืžืฉื ืช 2011, ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ืžืขืœ 11 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื“ืืงื”" ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืขืฅ ื”ื“ืืงื”, ืืฉืจ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ; ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™...
2024-07-11T18:24:37
ืžื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื”
ืžื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื” (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Monrovia) ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”. ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ ื‘. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื ืช 2022 ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื” ื›-1.761 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ื 33.5% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื”. ืžื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื” ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘-25 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1822. ืžื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”...
2024-09-24T09:34:42
ืกืŸ ืžืจื™ื ื• (ืขื™ืจ)
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืœืื•ืจืš ืคืกื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื• ืกืŸ ืžืจื™ื ื• (ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: San Marino) ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืกืŸ ืžืจื™ื ื•, ื•ืื—ืช ืžืชืฉืข ื”ืงืกื˜ืœื™ (Castelli), ืื• ื”ืขืจื™ื, ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›-550 ืขื“ 755 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื•, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช, ืจื...
2024-06-11T23:34:27
ืœืืฉื”
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|200px|ืฉืขืจ ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืฃ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืืฉื”" ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 1947, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ 250px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|"ืœืื™ืฉื”" ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, 1964. 200px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|ืกืžืœื™ืœ ืœืืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 200px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|ืกืžืœื™ืœ ืœืืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70 ืœืึดืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช "ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช", ื”ืคื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืงื”ืœ ื ืฉื™, ืืš...
2024-09-07T20:25:31
ื ื™ืกืคื•ืจ ื ื™ื™ืคืก
ื–'ื•ื–ืฃ ื ื™ืกืคื•ืจ ื ื™ื™ืคืก (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: Joseph Nicรฉphore Niรฉpce; 7 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1765 โ€“ 5 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1833) ืžืžืฆื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™, ืžื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื. ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ ื”ืงืžืจื” ืื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืจื”. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืืฆื•ืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ-ืกื•ืจ-ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืจื’ื•ื ื“ื™. 250px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืื•ืœื•ืคื•ืจ (Pyrรฉolophore) - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ...
2024-06-19T06:49:05
ืชื” ื•ื™ืกื•ืฆืงื™
250ืคืก|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืชื” ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-19 ืขื ืกืžืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืฆืงื™ ืชื” ื•ื™ืกื•ืฆืงื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช-ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1849 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื–ืื‘ ื•ื™ืกื•ืฆืงื™ (1824โ€“1904) ืžืจืืฉื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”, ืจื•ืกื™ื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ืืš ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ืขืชืง ืžื™ืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1904 ื”ืงื™ืžื” ...
2024-07-16T14:28:07
ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืชืื™ืช
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืชืื™ืช. ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ: ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ: ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” - ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื•-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื•-ATP ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืชืื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ืคืงืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื–ืžื™ื ื”, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืชืื™ืช ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืคื•ืจืงื•ืช ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช....
2024-09-12T20:42:37
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื ื”
ื’ืื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”ื‘", ืฉื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื ื“ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื: ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ืืฉื ื˜ื™, ืคืื ื˜ึถื”, ื•ื˜ื•ื’ื•ืœื ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช. ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ืžืคื” ืžืฉื ืช 1896 ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื”ื—ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ื‘-1925 ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ืงืช ื’ื•ื’ืกื‘ืจื’ ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืž...
2023-10-23T10:47:16
ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื™
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ืจื™ื™ืงืกืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื
ื”ืจื™ื™ืงืกืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื (ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช: Rijksmuseum) ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื–ืื•ืžืคืœื™ื™ืŸ (ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ) ืฉืœ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1800 ื‘ื”ืื’ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื• "ื”ื’ืœืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืืžื ื•ืช" (Nationale Kunst-Gallerij). ื‘ืฉื ืช 1808 ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœ...
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ื’ืœืงื˜ื•ื–
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ื‘ื™ื˜ื-ื’ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืฉื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|100px|ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื™ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”D-ื’ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื’ึธืœึทืงึฐื˜ื•ึนื– ื”ื•ื ื—ื“-ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืžืฆืžืฆื™ื (ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื, ืฉื–ื™ืคื™ื, ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื•ืช, ืื ื ืก), ื‘ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ (ืœื•ืฃ, ื‘ืฆืœ, ืกืœืง ืกื•ื›ืจ) ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื˜ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื’ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื—ืœื‘ (ืœืงื˜ื•ื–). ื”ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืกื›ืจื™ื“ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื•ื’ืœืงื˜ื•ื–. ...
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ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ื’ืจื™ืคื™ืŸ ืกืžืœ ื˜ืžืคืœ ื‘ืจ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืงืชื“ืจืœืช ืกื ื˜ ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1896 ื”ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: City of London) ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืชื™. ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื ืงืจื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ "ื”ืกื™ื˜ื™", ืื• "ื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ืข" (Square Mile). ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™...
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ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืกื’ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื ื“ืจ ืกืจื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ (; ื‘ื’'ืื•ื•ื™: ุจู†ุฏุฑ ุณุฑูŠ ุจฺฏุงูˆุงู†) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ื™ ื•ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ื™ ื•ืžื•ืืจื”, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2021 ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ 266,682 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืคืจืกื™ืช ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื“ืจ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื ืžืœ, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื...
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ืื‘ืจื”ื ื’ื•ืœื“ืคืื“ืŸ
ืื‘ืจื”ื ื’ื•ึนืœื“ืคึทืื“ึฐืŸ (ืื• ื’ื•ืœื“ืคื“ืŸ; ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื™ื™ื“ื™: ื’ืึธืœื“ืคึฟืึทื“ืขืŸ, ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื’ืืœื“ืขื ืคืื“ื™ื; 24 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1840, ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ (ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื ื”), ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช (ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”) โ€“ 9 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1908, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง) ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ืื™, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืžืœื—ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžืื™ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจื™, ืื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™. ื‘-1876 ื™ื™ืกื“ ื’ื•ืœื“ืคืื“ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉ...
2024-07-24T16:24:16
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ื’ึตืจึฐืžึทืื ึดื™ืงื•ึผืก ื™ื•ึผืœึดื™ื•ึผืก ืงึฐืœึทืื•ึผื“ึดื™ืึทื ื•ึผืก ืงึตื™ืกึธืจ (24 ื‘ืžืื™ 15 ืœืคื ื”"ืก โ€“ 10 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 19) ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืžืื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื’ืจืžืื ื™ื”. ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืงืœืื•ื“ื™ื•ืก ื“ืจื•ืกื•ืก ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืืฉืช ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื•ืก ืงื™ืกืจ, ื•ืืžื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืจืงื•ืก ืื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืก ื•ืฉืœ ืื•ืงื˜ื‘ื™ื” ืื—ื•ืช ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื•ืก. ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ืงืœื™ื’ื•ืœื” ื•ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ...
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2024-09-13T16:11:13
ืœื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืœ
ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืคืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ืœื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืœ ื”ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™ ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืฉื ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื 1 ืขื“ 10, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืž-1 ืขื“ 12. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|180px|ื˜ื‘ืœ...
2024-10-06T11:02:33
ืขื– ื-ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœ-ืงืกืื
ืฉื™ื™ื—' ืขึดื– ื-ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืืœ-ืงืื“ืจ ืžื•ืกื˜ืคื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœ-ืงืกืื (ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ุนุฒู‘ ุงู„ุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุณู‘ุงู…; 1881 ืื• 19 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1882 โ€“ 20 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1935) ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืžืื‘ืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™, ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื˜ ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื” (ื"ื™). ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ื”ืคืœื’ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืืก, ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืขื– ื-ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœ-ืงืกืื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจ...
2024-09-23T17:36:25
ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื’ื ืก
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|200px|ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื’ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื’ื ืก ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื’ื ืก (ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื›ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื’ื ืก-ืคืจื ืœ) ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื’ืœ ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ: ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ืคืจืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจื™, ื•ื”ื”ืชืื‘ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘. ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื’ื ืก ื•ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ืŸ ื–'...
2024-10-17T02:04:00
ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื
ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืžืกื“ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืชืืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ืœื–ืžืŸ. ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ื™ืคืจื‘ื•ืœื™ืช. ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื”ื™ื: ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื: ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘. ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืœ, ...
2024-09-15T09:40:25
ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ
ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืœืงืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ืžืฉืชืจืข ืžืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืขืžืง ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืจืช. ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื’ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ืžืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ืžื“ืจื•ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชืคืจ ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ. ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”...
2024-10-11T22:17:22
ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|200px|ื”ืœืคื™ื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ ื‘ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ (2010) "ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื" ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ "ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ" ื”ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ื•ืจืคื™ืช ืœ"ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”". ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื—ื•ืจืฃ โ€“ ืขื ืคื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื’ ืื• ืขืœ ืงืจื— โ€“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ ืงืจื—, ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืขืœ ืงืจื— ืื• ืกืงื™. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื™ื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื—ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ...
2024-09-10T06:22:47
ื”ื—ื–ืจื” (ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืงื”)
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|320x320 ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื|ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืื”, ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 1916 ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|260px|ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืื•ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคื™ ืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืื• ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืงื” ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช, ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืจ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื—, ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื• ืื• ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื•ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจ...
2024-10-02T06:32:43
ื”ืชืื‘ื›ื•ืช
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื”ืชืื‘ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ืžืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ืชืื‘ื›ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื”ึดืชึฐืึทื‘ึฐึผื›ื•ึผืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ืช, ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื’ืœื™ื ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘. ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ื’ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ืื—ื“ ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืขืžืง ืฉืœ ื’ืœ ืื—ืจ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช (ืžืœืื” ืื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขื•ืฆืžื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื–"ื ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื' ืคื—ื•...
2024-04-25T04:33:59
ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง
250px|ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ "ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง". ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ 1920 ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ื—ื•ื–, ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืžืช ื ื™ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื™. ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืฉืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืžืฉื™ืž...
2024-06-23T18:26:49
ื‘ื›ื™
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|220px|ืื™ื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 1869 ืฉืœ ืกืจ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื˜ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|220px|ืื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ืืจ. ื ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ The Sea Fairies (1911) ืฉืœ ืœื™ื™ืžืŸ ืคืจื ืง ื‘ืื•ื ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|220px|ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืื ื™ื ื” (1944) ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|220px|ื‘ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืกื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืื‘ืง ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ืคื•ืฆ'ื• , ื˜ื•ืงื™ื• (1953) ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|220px|ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ืฆื™ื•ืจ ...
2024-05-07T04:46:01
ืคื˜ื™ืคื•ืŸ
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื’ืจืžื•ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื ื•ืืœื” ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื’ืจืžื•ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืคื•ืช. ืืจื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, 1934 ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|229x229px|ื’ืจืžื•ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ ืžื“ื’ื Mark Xb ืขื ืงืจืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 29.5 ืื™ื ืฅ'. ื™ืฆื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1933. ื”ืคึธึผื˜ึตื™ืคื•ึนืŸ ืื• ืžึธืงื•ึนืœ, ืคื•ื ื•ื’ืจืฃ(ื‘ืฆ...
2024-09-01T02:15:32
ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœืงืœืขื™ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืงืœื™ืฉืจ ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื’ื•ื˜ืžื›ืจ ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ืžืฉื” ื”ืก ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ืžืฉื” ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื™ื•ืจื™ ืžึฐื‘ึทืฉึฐื‚ืจึตื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืžืชืืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื’ื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19 ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื”ื ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ...
2023-11-26T16:58:21
ื ื—ืžื™ื”
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|"ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืฆื™ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืกื˜ื‘ ื“ื•ืจื”, ืžืฉื ืช 1866 ื ึฐื—ึถืžึฐื™ึธื” ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ื—ึฒื›ึทืœึฐื™ึธื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืฉืจ ...
2024-10-01T12:39:01
ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ
ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: World Wildlife Fund, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ WWF) ื”ื™ื ืงืจืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1961 ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”; ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœืŸ. ื”ืงืจืŸ ืืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™: ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™...
2024-06-22T22:55:44
ืคืจืก ื’ื ื“ืœืฃ
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|100px|ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืจื“ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื’ื ื“ืœืฃ ืœืฉื ืช 1980 ืคืจืก ื’ื ื“ืœืฃ ื’ืจื ื“ ืžืืกื˜ืจ (Gandalf Grand Master Award) ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืœื™ื ื•ื•ื“ ืงืจื˜ืจ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืฉืงืจืื• ืœืขืฆืžื "ื’ื™ืœื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืฉืคื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”". ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1974 ืœ-1981, ื›ืคืจืก ืœืžืคืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืคื ื˜ืกื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื’ื ืœืกืคืจ ื”ืคื ื˜...
2022-08-05T19:58:18
ืคืจืก ื ื‘ื•ืœื”
ืคืจืก ื ื‘ื•ืœื” (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Nebula Award) ื”ื•ื ืคืจืก ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื˜ืขื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” (SFWA) ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคืจืก. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืก ื›ืกืคื™, ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืคืจืก ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ...
2024-05-30T12:32:31
ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืชื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช "ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ืจืงืข ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1990, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืช ืฉืžืืœ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืฆืจื” ืฉืชื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื—"ื› ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื” ื™ืจื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืชื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื’"ืฅ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš, ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืื– ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืขื“ ืฉืจื’ื ืฉื’ื ืฉื‘ืช ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืื” ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ืชื ื•...
2024-10-03T04:40:59
ื–ื™ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™
ื–ึทื™ึดืช ืึตื™ืจื•ึนืคึดึผื™ (ืฉื ืžื“ืขื™: Olea europaea), ืื• ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืจื•ื•ื—: ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ ืื• ืฉื™ื— ื™ืจื•ืง-ืขื“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื™ืช ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ืกืคืจื“, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืืช ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื”. ืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื™ืช ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžืื›ืœ, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืช...
2024-10-02T12:53:46
ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื”
ืคึฐึผืกึดื™ื›ื•ึนื–ึธื”ย ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœืงื•ื™. ืื“ื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื–ื” ื™ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื—ืจื™ื’ ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืคืจืขื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืœืงื•ื™ ื•ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื”, ื”ืชืคื™ืกื”, ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื’ืฉ, ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“, ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœ...
2024-03-10T12:38:58
ืฉื˜ื™ื—
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|200px|ื ืฉื™ื ืืœื’'ื™ืจืื™ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื—, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 1899 ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|200px|ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื›ืคืจื™, (ืขืžืง ืื•ืจื™ืงื”, ืžืจื•ืงื•) ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|200px|ืžื—ืฆืœื•ืช ืงืฉ (ืงื˜ื•ืจื™, ื™ืคืŸ) ืฉื˜ื™ื— ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื™ืขื” ืื• ื‘ื“ ืฉืขื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืงืจืขื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื• ืืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืœ, ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืื• ืœืชืœื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืœืžื—ืฆืœืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ื•ื“...
2024-10-19T19:43:04
ื˜ื•ืจืงืกื˜ืŸ
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืžืคืช ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ืจืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืขื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช. ื˜ื•ืจืงืกื˜ืŸ (ืื• ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืชื•ืจื›ืกืชืืŸ) ื”ื•ื ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืกื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืžื™ื ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ื ืžื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืข'ื•ื–ื™ื (ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ืจืงืžื ื™ื), ื”ืื•ื–ื‘ืงื™ื, ื”ืงื–ื—ื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื”ืงื™ืจื’ื™ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”...
2022-04-07T21:22:12
ืžื“ื™ืืจื™ื
ื”ืžึธื“ึฐื™ึธืืจึดื™ื (ืื• ืžื’'ืืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช: magyarok) ืื• ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื (ื’ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื) ื”ื ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืคื” ืคื™ื ื•-ืื•ื’ืจื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ ืื•ืจืœ ื•ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ื ื“ื“ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืœืกืคื™ืจื” ืžืขืจื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ืฆืืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ืชืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช - ืกืœื‘ื™ื, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื, ืงื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ - ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ...
2024-03-29T14:53:24
ื”ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจ
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืœืžืจืงื•ืก ืงืืœื™ื•ืก ื”ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจ (ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช: Legio XVIII) ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืžื™. ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ื•ืกื•ืคื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื•ื”ืชืฉืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืจื’ (9 ืœืกืคื™ืจื”). ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ 18 ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืฉื™ืจืช ืชื—ืช ื’ืื™ื•ืก ืงื•ืจื ืœื™ื•ืก ืœื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืก ื‘ืงื™ืœื™ืงื™ื”, ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 53 ืœืค...
2020-07-01T21:46:56
ืขื˜ืœืฃ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”
ืขื˜ืœืฃ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” (ืฉื ืžื“ืขื™: Craseonycteris thonglongyai) ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืฃ ื•ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื˜ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” (Craseonycteridae) ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘-1974, ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ืžื™ืื ืžืจ. ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื˜ืœืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืขื˜ืœืฃ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ืง, ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืžืฉืงืœื• ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 1.5 ืœ-2 ื’ืจื, ืื•ืจื›ื• ื›-29 ืž"ืž ืขื“ 33 ืž"ืž ื•ืžื•ื˜ืช ื›ื ืคื™ื• ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 10 ืก"ืž. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื’ื•ื“ืœื•...
2024-01-03T21:42:17
ืืœ-ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื“ื” (ืžื—ื•ื–)
ืžื—ื•ื– ืืœ-ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื“ื” (ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุฉ, ืชืขืชื™ืง ืžื“ื•ื™ืง: ืืœื—ื“ื™ื“ื”; ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™: ืžื˜ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ) ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืชื™ืžืŸ, ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ื. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2004 ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– 2,161,379 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืžืœ ืืœ-ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื“ื”, ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–. ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”:ืชื™ืžืŸ: ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช
2021-11-24T07:54:19
ื—ืฆืจืžื•ื•ืช (ืžื—ื•ื–)
ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ืฆืจืžื•ื•ืช (ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ ุญุถุฑู…ูˆุช, ืชืขืชื™ืง ืžื“ื•ื™ืง: ื—ึทืฆึฐ'ืจึทืžึทื•ึฐืช) ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™. ื‘-2004 ืกื•ืคื— ื”ืื™ ืกื•ืงื•ื˜ืจื” ืœืžื—ื•ื–. ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืฉืžืืœ|300px|ื›ืชื‘ ื—ืฆืจืžื•ืชื™ - ืงื“ื ืขืจื‘ื™ ืงื“ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ืฆืจืžื•ื•ืช, ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ืžืžืœื›ื” ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื”, ื•ืฉืžื• ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชื "ืš. ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืœ-ืžื•ื›ืœื, ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”...
2024-09-01T02:15:42
ืื™ื‘ (ืขื™ืจ)
ืื™ื‘ึผ (ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ุฅุจ; ืชืขืชื™ืง ืžื“ื•ื™ืง: ืื‘ึผ) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ืื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ ืชื™ืžืŸ. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืจื›ืก ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›-2,050 ืžื˜ืจื™ื. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื 160,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื (2005). ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืื” ื”-11 ืขืœืชื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืกื•ืœื”ื™ื“ืก ืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืžืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืจืชื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื’'ื™ื‘ืœื” (Jiblah). ื‘ืžืื” ื”-20 ื ืฉืœื˜ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืœืž...
2023-01-13T10:02:34
ืœืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืงื•
ื–'ืืŸ ื‘ืจื ืจื“ ืœืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืงื• (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: Jean Bernard Lรฉon Foucault; 18 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1819 โ€“ 11 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1868) ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืฆืจืคืชื™. ืคื•ืงื• ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ื˜ืœืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืงื• ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื—ื’ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ืจื•. ืคื•ืงื• ื—ืงืจ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช "ื–ืจืžื™ ืคื•ืงื•" (eddy currents), ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฆื ืฉื“ืกืงื™ืช ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื–ืจืžื™ ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื” ...
2024-09-05T17:13:38
ืžื˜ื•ื˜ืœืช ืคื•ืงื•
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืžื˜ื•ื˜ืœืช ืคื•ืงื• ื‘ืคื ืชืื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ื ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ื˜ืœืช ืคื•ืงื• ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจื• ืžื˜ื•ื˜ืœืช ืคื•ึผืงื•ึน ืื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ื˜ืœืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืขืจืš ืœืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืงื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื—ื’ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ืจื•, ื•ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื›ื•ื— ืงื•ืจื™ื•ืœื™ืก โ€“ ื›ื•ื— ืžื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื ืื™...
2024-03-23T09:01:45
ื“ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื”ืœ
ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืืจื™ืง "ื“ื™ื™ื‘" ื’ืจื•ื”ืœ (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Dave Grohl; ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘-14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1969) ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืจื•ืง ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ื’ืจื•ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ืคืฃ ืœื”ืงืช ื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื” ืžืฉื ืช 1990, ืื– ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืฆ'ืื“ ืฆ'ืื ื™ื ื’. ื‘-1994 ื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืœื”ืงืช ืคื• ืคื™ื™ื˜ืจืก, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืกื•ืœืŸ ื•ื’ื™ื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืœื”ืงื”. ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืœื”ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื ืงืจืืช Them Crooked Vultures. ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ืจื•ื”...
2024-08-16T15:40:15
ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื–
ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื– ื”ื•ื ื“ื•-ืกื•ื›ืจ (ื“ื™ืกื›ืจื™ื“), ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืงื ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื‘ืกืœืง ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ื•, ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื•, ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื• ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™. ื›ืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื– ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื’ืœื™ืงื•ื–ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื–. ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื– ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื—. ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืก...
2024-06-01T20:40:55
ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|180px|ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืก ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืช 1910 ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช: Dies sancti Valentini; ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: St. Valentine's Day), ื”ื—ืœ ื‘-14 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ, ื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ - ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื“ื•...
2024-02-14T20:23:40
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื’ืœืขื“ื™
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื’ืœืขื“ื™ (1915โ€“1993), "ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ" ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ื–ืงื™ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื•"ืจ ื—ืจื•ืช-ื”ืฆื”"ืจ. ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ื’ืœืขื“ื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืžืคืงื“ ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืฉืจืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“...
2022-02-12T23:53:58
ืžืื™ืจ ื“ื’ืŸ
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|261x261 ืคื™ืงืกืœื™ื|ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ืŸ - ืœื™ื“ื• ืžืื™ืจ ื“ื’ืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ืขืžื•ืก ื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1982 ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืžืื™ืจ ื“ื’ืŸ ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืืจื ืก ื•ืกื’ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ 1991 ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื”ืืœื•ืฃ ืžืื™ืจ ื“ื’ืŸ, 1993 ืžืื™ืจ ื“ื’ืŸ (30 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1945 โ€“ 17 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2016) ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2002โ€“2011. ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•...
2024-10-02T08:05:51
ืคืจื™ื–ื™ื”
ืคืจื™ื–ื™ื” (ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: Friesland, ืคืจื™ื–ื™ืช: Fryslรขn) ื”ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ืžื–ืจื—ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื ืžืจืง. ืคืจื™ื–ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ ื“ื ืžืจืง. ืžืขืจื‘ ืคืจื™ื–ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคืฃ ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืกืœื ื“, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ (ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื™ื ืžืขืจื‘ ืคืจื™ื–ืœื ื“). ืžื–ืจื— ืคืจื™...
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260px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|"ื•ื™ืชืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™" (ืืจืชื•ืจ ืฉื™ืง, 1950) ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ืขื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฆืœื‘ื™ ืงืจืก (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืžืœ ืขื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ ื”ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื ืืฆื™ ืขืœ ื—ื–ื”ื•) ื›ืจืžื– ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื–ื ื›ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ ื‘ึถึผืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐึผื“ึธืชึธื ื”ึธืึฒื’ึธื’ึดื™ (ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›-"ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข") ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืžืงืจืื™ืช, ื”ืื ื˜ื’ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ. ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ืืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื›ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืจื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืž...
2024-09-03T10:02:41
ื”ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ
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2024-10-18T15:03:09
ืฉืžืื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ
ืฉึทืืžึทึผืื™ ื”ึทื–ึธึผืงึตืŸ (ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื ืงืจื ื’ื ืฉึทืืžึทึผื™; ื—ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”-1 ืœืคื ื”"ืก ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-1) ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืœืœ ื•ืฉืžืื™. ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœืœ ื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœื•, ืืกื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™, ืืฉืจ ืฉืœื˜ื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ืืš ืœื ื”ืืจื™ื›ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืฉ...
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ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ื
ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึฐืงื•ึผื (ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: Borkum) ื”ื•ื ืื™ ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืœืจ ืฉื‘ืกืงืกื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ืฉื˜ื—ื• ื›-30.6 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื, ื•ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื• 5,473 ืื ืฉื™ื (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ-2015). ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจ ื•ืกื˜ืจืืžืก (Westereems; ื”ืžืฆืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ื•ืœื ื“), ื•ืžืžื–ืจื— - ืžืฆืจ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืืžืก (Osterems), ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ - ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื - ื™ื ื•ื•ื“ืŸ. ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืข...
2024-08-02T16:50:14
ืื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช
ืื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช (ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: Ostfriesische Inseln) ื”ื ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™, ื‘ืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืกืงืกื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื™ื ื”ื (ืžื”ืžืขืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื—): ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ื ื™ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื ื•ืจื“ืจื ืื™ ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ื ืœื ื’ืื•ื’ ืฉืคื™ืงืจื•ื’ ื•ื ื’ืจื•ื’ื” ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ื ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืš ืœืžื—ื•ื– ืœื™ืจ; ื™ื•ื™ืกื˜, ื ื•ืจื“ืจื ืื™ ื•ื‘ืœื˜ืจื•ื ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ื– ืืื•ืจื™ืš; ืœื ื’ืื•ื’ ื•ืฉืคื™ืงืจื•ื’ ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•...
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ืฉื™ื‘ืจ (ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื)
ืฉื™ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื—ืžืจื”. ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื•ืฉื™ื ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืงืœื™ืคืชื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื”, ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืกื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื ืงืœ. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ืœืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื”ื˜ืœื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืื“ืžืช ื”ื—ืžืจื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจื™ื–ื‘ื™ ืื• ืžืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ืื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ืฉ...
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ื™ืืžื•ืกื•ืงืจื•
ื™ืืžื•ืกื•ืงืจื• (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: Yamoussoukro, ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ "ื™ืืžึฐืกื•ึนืงืจื•ึน") ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืชื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืžื—ื•ื– ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™.ย ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2021, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื ืชื” 340,234 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืืžื•ืกื•ืงืจื• ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• 422,072 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืžื•ืงืžืช 240 ืง"ืž ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื’'ืืŸ, ื•ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื›-30 ืง"ืž ืžื”ืื’ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืž...
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ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืงื ื•ืกื”
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ื™ื™ื ืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื’ืจื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืก ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™. ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืจืœื• ืขืžื ื•ืืœ, ื”ืžืื” ื”-17. ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื”ื™ื™ื ืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืงื ื•ืกื” ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ื˜ื™ืจืช ืงื ื•ืกื” ื”ื”ึฒืœึดื™ื›ึธื” ืœึฐืงึธื ื•ึนืกึธื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืจื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1077, ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื’ืจื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืก ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื‘ื˜ื™ืจืช ืงื ื•ืกื”. ื”ื˜ื™ืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื—...
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ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|280px|ืžืขื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื ืขืžืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืจืžืœื” ื’ึทึผืŸ ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื’ื™ืœ 3 ื•ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 5. ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืคึธึผืขื•ึนื˜ื•ึนืŸ ืื• ืžึธืขื•ึนืŸ ื™ื•ึนื. ืžื”ื’ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ...
2024-08-23T15:55:42
ื—ืžื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|"ื—ืžื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ" ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืžืืช ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ืื ืงืจ, 1866 ื—ืžื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืคื•ืฃ, ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ื“ื™ื• ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืจื›ื™ื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื. ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ืฆื”, ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืžืงื• ืžืกื•ืžืŸ, ื”ื ื—ืช ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ืคื™ืฉื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ...
2023-03-29T08:20:38
ืœืจ
ืœึตืจ (Leer) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืœืจ ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืกืงืกื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ื•ืœื ื“. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ื ื”ืจ ืืžืก (Ems). ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื ื” ื›-35,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืžืื– ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืœืจ, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœ-ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช (SPD). ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืžื˜ืžื•ื–ืื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืขืชื™ืง ืžื”ืž...
2024-02-16T14:08:10
ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš ืคืจื‘ืœ
ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš ื•ื™ืœื”ืœื ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืคึฐืจึถื‘ึถึผืœ (ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: Friedrich Wilhelm August Frรถbel) (1782โ€“1852) ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื ืš ื’ืจืžื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1837. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื "ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื‘ืœ" - ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืชืœืชึพืžืžื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืคืจื ืง ืœื•ื™ื“ ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช...
2024-02-28T20:12:47
ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื
ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื (ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช: Amsterdamse metro) ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ืงื•ื•ื™ื: ืงื• 50 ืงื• 51 ืงื• 53 ืงื• 54 ืงื• 51 ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืžืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื›ืจื›ื‘ืช ืงืœื”. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘-1968. ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”, ืงื•ื•ื™ื 53 ื•-54, ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘-1970 ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘-1977. ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื ื•ืกืค...
2020-05-15T09:50:32
ืกื•ืก ืืจื•ืš
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|350px|ืžืฉื—ืง ืกื•ืก ืืจื•ืš. ืžื‘ื ื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืก, ื›ืฉื”ืจืืฉ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง ืžืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื• ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ืกื•ืก ืืจื•ืš ืื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืช 5-6 ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ืช. ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ...
2023-03-29T08:15:17
ืžื—ื•ื– ืœืจ
ืžื—ื•ื– ืœึตืจ (ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช: Landkreis Leer) ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืกืงืกื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื (ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ) ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžื“ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืื•ืจื™ืš, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื•ื ื“, ืคืจื™ื–ืœื ื“, ืืžืจืœื ื“, ืงืœื•ืคื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืืžืกืœื ื“, ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื•ืœื ื“. ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื–ืœื ื“ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ื”ื ื”ืจ ืืžืก (Ems) ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืœืจ, ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื—ื•ื– ืืžืกืœื ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื, ื•ืข...
2024-02-09T05:44:03
ืื‘ื™ื’'ืืŸ
ืื‘ื™ื’'ืืŸ (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: Abidjan) ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”. ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื“ื” ืคืงื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืœื’ื•ื ื” ืื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅ ื’ื™ื ืื” ื•ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2021 ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื ืชื” ื›-5.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืื‘ื™ื“ื’'ืืŸ ...
2023-05-07T19:01:40
ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช (ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื)
ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช (ืฉืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืืจืฆื•ืช, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ืขื•ืœื, ืžืกืžืจ, ืื•ืœืจ, ืกื›ื™ืŸ (ื‘ืžืœืขื™ืœ), ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช, ืืจืฅ ืื“ืžื”, ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื–ื™ืจ) ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืจื˜ื•ื‘, ืืš ืžืฉื•ื—ืง ื’ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื—ืžืจื”. ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื˜ื— ืื“ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื) ื•ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื•ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื—ื“, ืื•ืœืจ ืื• ืžืกืžืจ 10 (ืžืกืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 10 ืก"ืž). ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืžืฉื—ืง ืชื•ื—ืžื™ื ืฉื˜ื— ื‘...
2024-08-09T13:00:02
ืืžืกื˜ืœ (ื‘ื™ืจื”)
ืืžืกื˜ืœ (Amstel) ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืชื’ ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™, ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1870. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1968 ื ืจื›ืฉื” ื”ืžื‘ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ื ืงืŸ. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื‘ืฉืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื‘-11 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1870 ื•ื ืงืจืื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื ื”ืจ ื”ืืžืกื˜ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“. ื‘ืฉื ืช 1872 ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœ-10,000 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžื›ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 1883 ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื” ื’ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืœืื™ื™ ื”ื•ื“ื•...
2021-01-17T18:10:56
ืืžืกื˜ืœ
ืืžืกื˜ืœ (ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช: Amstel) ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืฉื–ืจื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื. ื”ื ื”ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœืขื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืกื›ืจ (ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช: "ื“ืื") ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื“ืื. ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืื ืกื˜ืœื”" (ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื”: Aeme stelle) ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• "ืื–ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ืžื™ื". ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฆื ื”ื ื”ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื ื”ืจื•ืช - ื”"ื“ืจื›ื˜"...
2024-03-06T16:29:12
ืœื•ืžื”
ืœื•ึนืžึถื” (ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช: Lomรฉ) ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจืช ื˜ื•ื’ื•. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื›-837,437 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2010). ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื’ื•, ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืžืคืจืฅ ื’ื™ื ืื” ื•ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื’ืื ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื’ื•. ืžื ืžืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืื™ื ืงืคื”, ืงืงืื• ื•ืชืžืจื™ื. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืœื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ื” ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืœื•ืžื”, ื•...
2023-03-25T19:10:16
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›ืฅ (ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช)
ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ืžื•ืงื™) ื›ืฅ (9 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1914 โ€“ 9 ื‘ืžืื™ 2008) ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืœื•ื—ื ื‘ืืฆ"ืœ, ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืžืจืืฉื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื—ืจื•ืช, ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜, ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืฃ, ืกื•ืคืจ, ืžื•"ืœ, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืื‘ ื–'ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™. ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ื ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื‘ื” ื•ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื–ื™ืกืงื™ื ื“ ื›ืฅ. ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื•, ื‘-1930, ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื‘ื™ืช"ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™...
2024-08-01T05:57:14
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืคืจื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื”
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืคืจื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื” (ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: Interferometry) ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืื‘ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ (ืื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื). ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื˜ืจืคืจื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืชื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืงื˜ืจื•ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืื‘ื›ื•ืช ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืค...
2024-08-01T05:57:24
ืืžืŸ (ืชืจื‘ื•ืช)
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ืช ืื•ึนืžึธืŸ (ื‘ืงืžืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื: ืื•ึนืžึธึผืŸ) ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืึธืžึธึผื ื•ึผืช (ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื: ืื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึผืช, ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืึปืžึธึผื ื•ึผืช). ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืืžืŸ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืืžืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•. ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืืžื ื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืค...
2024-06-01T14:24:55
ืคืื•ืœื• ืจื•ืกื™
ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|150px|ืจื•ืกื™ ืขื ืคืจืก ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ 1982 ืคืื•ืœื• ืจื•ืกื™ (ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช: Paolo Rossi; 23 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1956 โ€“ 9 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020) ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™. ื‘ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืืœ 1982 ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืคืจืก ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืœืš ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ, ื•ืืช ืคืจืก ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืจ. ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืจื•ืกื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืกื ื˜ื” ืœื•ืฆ'ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉ...
2024-09-23T12:36:14
ื’ื•ื’ื•ืื™ื
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ื•ืื™ื ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ื”ื’ื•ื’ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ืœืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื•ึนื’ื•ึนืึดื™ื (ื ืงืจืื™ื ื’ื: ืื’'ื•ืื™ื (ื‘ืขื’ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ืช), ืขื’'ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช), ืขื’'ื•ืงื™ื) ื”ื ื’ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืคืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืขึท'ื’'ื•ึผ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืœืขื™ืŸ. ื”ื’ื•ื’ื•ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœืœื ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ืฆื™ืคื” ืฉืชืจืงื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉื—...
2024-06-03T15:33:18
ืื•ืžืŸ
180px|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|ืื•ืžืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืกื ื“ืœืจื™ื” ืฉืžืืœ|ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|180px|ืื•ืžืŸ ืงืžืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืื•ึผืžึธืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื•. ื”ืื•ืžืŸ ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ืขื“ ืœื”ืกืžื›ืชื• ืฉืœื• ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืื•ึผืžืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื”. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื โ€“ "ื”ืื•ึผืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื" โ€“...
2024-04-18T08:50:15
ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช (ืขื™ืจ)
ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ|250px|ืฉืžืืœ|ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช, ื—ืœืง ืžืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”, ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืฆืจื™ื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ื“ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช (ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุช, "ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืืœ-ื›ื•ื™ืช") ืื• ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช ืกื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืคืจืฅ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ื•ืžื•ื ื” 584,313 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืžืฉื ืช 2018. ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื”ืขื™ืจ" ื‘ืง...
2023-07-23T16:39:16
ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื”
ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื ื—ื” ื•ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื: ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›"ื™ื" ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›"ื™ื‘ืฉื”". ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืกืžืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืงื ื˜ื™ื™ืค ืื• ื—ื‘ืœ. ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืื—ืจืช, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ืง. ืฉื˜ื— ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ืง ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›"ื™ื‘ืฉื”" ื•ื—ื•ืฆื• ื›"ื™ื". ื›ืš ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช, ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”...
2024-03-28T23:22:16
ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” (1000โ€“1301)
ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืืจืคืื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ืืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื˜ ื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆืื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืื’ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” - ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืจื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืœื’ื”. ื”ืžื“ื™ืืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ืื•ื˜ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืš ื‘-955. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืกื• ื”ืžื“ื™ืืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื™ืื•ื“ืœื™ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช...
2023-01-17T05:53:03