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500 | Each of the 10 Chapters was composed of two or three themes, or "Superlessons," each of which connected the algebraic content to another discipline. Each Superlesson began with an opening page with discussion questions relating to the theme. Critics of the programs cited these questions as evidence of the lack of math ... | Addison-Wesley Secondary Math: An Integrated Approach: Focus on Algebra | 0.850448 |
501 | The fair coin is tossed three times. There are 8 possible outcomes: Ω = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} (here "HTH" for example means that first time the coin landed heads, the second time tails, and the last time heads again). The complete information is described by the σ-algebra F = 2 Ω {\displaystyle {\mat... | Probability space | 0.850441 |
502 | In particular, the article "Explain Bioinformatics to Your Grandmother!" that aims to simplify the answer to the question "What is bioinformatics?" to non-scientists, has accumulated more than 17,000 views (as of 2017) and constitutes one of the most read articles in PLOS Computational Biology. The Student Council also... | International Society for Computational Biology Student Council | 0.85042 |
503 | Longer read lengths: ZS Genetics has estimated potential read lengths of transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing to be 10,000 to 20,000 base pairs with a rate of 1.7 billion base pairs per day. Such long read lengths would allow easier de novo genome assembly and direct detection of haplotypes, among other appl... | Transmission electron microscopy DNA sequencing | 0.85042 |
504 | Abstract algebra, in which algebraic structures such as groups, rings and fields are axiomatically defined and investigated. Linear algebra, in which the specific properties of linear equations, vector spaces and matrices are studied. Boolean algebra, a branch of algebra abstracting the computation with the truth value... | Algebra | 0.850413 |
505 | An important aspect of the course was gaining a feeling for the discovery process involved in research. We asked about each idea presented, "Are there questions that are not addressed here? Can these ideas be extended in ways the authors did not discuss?" There was a test on each of number theory and graph theory just ... | Arthur Hobbs (mathematician) | 0.850411 |
506 | Operator overloading is also supported. Nim includes multiple tunable memory management strategies, including tracing garbage collection, reference counting, and fully manual systems, with the default being deterministic reference counting with optimizations via move semantics and cycle collection via trial deletion. .... | Nim (programming language) | 0.8504 |
507 | In the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology, Genome survey sequences (GSS) are nucleotide sequences similar to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that the only difference is that most of them are genomic in origin, rather than mRNA.Genome survey sequences are typically generated and submitted to NCBI by labs ... | Genome survey sequence | 0.850396 |
508 | Lagrange's theorem raises the converse question as to whether every divisor of the order of a group is the order of some subgroup. This does not hold in general: given a finite group G and a divisor d of |G|, there does not necessarily exist a subgroup of G with order d. The smallest example is A4 (the alternating grou... | Lagrange's theorem (group theory) | 0.850333 |
509 | Students reconstructed a chain of events in the Dr. Biology laboratory and field site, writing their own narrative for the story. Early in 2007, Ask A Biologist became one of the early content channels on iTunes U with its audio podcast of the same name. Hosted by Dr. Biology, the program was soon listed as one of five... | Ask a Biologist | 0.850331 |
510 | The algebra of binary digits or bits 0 and 1 under the logical operations including disjunction, conjunction, and negation. Applications include the propositional calculus and the theory of digital circuits. The algebra of sets under the set operations including union, intersection, and complement. | Power set algebra | 0.85032 |
511 | First used in theoretical physics, the MD method gained popularity in materials science soon afterward, and since the 1970s is also common in biochemistry and biophysics. MD is frequently used to refine 3-dimensional structures of proteins and other macromolecules based on experimental constraints from X-ray crystallog... | Molecular Dynamics | 0.850312 |
512 | I decided I would check it myself! The next day when he came for the answers I remarked to him, "The arithmetic was apparently correct but I do not know about the formulas for the capture cross sections for oxygen and nitrogen—after all, there could be no experiments at the needed energy levels." He replied, like a phy... | Richard Hamming | 0.850299 |
513 | The problem of points, also called the problem of division of the stakes, is a classical problem in probability theory. One of the famous problems that motivated the beginnings of modern probability theory in the 17th century, it led Blaise Pascal to the first explicit reasoning about what today is known as an expected... | Problem of points | 0.850283 |
514 | Ensemble classifiers have been successfully applied in neuroscience, proteomics and medical diagnosis like in neuro-cognitive disorder (i.e. Alzheimer or myotonic dystrophy) detection based on MRI datasets, and cervical cytology classification. | Stacked Generalization | 0.850264 |
515 | After the operations have been specified, the nature of the algebra is further defined by axioms, which in universal algebra often take the form of identities, or equational laws. An example is the associative axiom for a binary operation, which is given by the equation x ∗ (y ∗ z) = (x ∗ y) ∗ z. The axiom is intended ... | Equational reasoning | 0.850247 |
516 | The wavelength of visible light is about 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm, and 0.75 μm to 1000 μm (1 mm) is a typical range for infrared astronomy, far-infrared astronomy, to submillimetre astronomy. | Infrared telescope | 0.850242 |
517 | The knapsack problem is interesting from the perspective of computer science for many reasons: The decision problem form of the knapsack problem (Can a value of at least V be achieved without exceeding the weight W?) is NP-complete, thus there is no known algorithm that is both correct and fast (polynomial-time) in all... | Knapsack constraints | 0.850237 |
518 | Each of the meets are generally held on the same day by all clusters; however for scheduling conflicts, schools may host meets on other days. There are five individual categories, and they are: Mystery, Geometry, Number Theory, Arithmetic, and Algebra. Each individual round contains three questions, varying in content ... | Intermediate Math League of Eastern Massachusetts | 0.850227 |
519 | The above theorem can be generalized in many different ways, with possibly different constants. For example: Instead of squares, the input collection can contain arbitrary fat objects, such as: circles, rectangles with a bounded aspect ratio, etc. Instead of two-dimensional shapes in a plane, the input collection can c... | Geometric separator | 0.850219 |
520 | In infinite groups, such an n {\displaystyle n} may not exist, in which case the order of a {\displaystyle a} is said to be infinity. The order of an element equals the order of the cyclic subgroup generated by this element. More sophisticated counting techniques, for example, counting cosets, yield more precise statem... | Group (mathematics) | 0.850218 |
521 | For example, the truth table of x0 in the table of binary operations, namely 2f10, has period 2 (and so can be recognized as using only the first variable) even though 12 of the binary operations have period 4. When the period is 2n the operation only depends on the first n variables, the sense in which the operation i... | Power set algebra | 0.850168 |
522 | Studies of boolean algebra is commonly part of a mathematics curriculum. Neither Backus nor Naur described the names enclosed in < > as non-terminals. | Panini–Backus form | 0.85016 |
523 | Linear search: locates an item in an unsorted sequence Selection algorithm: finds the kth largest item in a sequence Ternary search: a technique for finding the minimum or maximum of a function that is either strictly increasing and then strictly decreasing or vice versa Sorted lists Binary search algorithm: locates an... | Graph algorithms | 0.850154 |
524 | solid state physicsThat branch of physics that studies arrangements of atoms in fixed arrays. sound recordingThe technology of recording sound for later reproduction. space vector modulationA control strategy for variable frequency motor drives. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.850151 |
525 | For example, a group is an algebraic object consisting of a set together with a single binary operation, satisfying certain axioms. If G {\displaystyle G} is a group with operation ∗ {\displaystyle \ast } , a congruence relation on G {\displaystyle G} is an equivalence relation ≡ {\displaystyle \equiv } on the elements... | Congruence relation | 0.850148 |
526 | This is 2.03 times more kinetic energy in the fifth ball than the fourth ball, which means the fifth ball would swing twice as high in the vertical direction as the fourth ball. But in a real Newton's cradle, the fourth ball swings out as far as the fifth ball. To explain the difference between theory and experiment, t... | Newton's cradle | 0.850138 |
527 | In practice, problems of arbitrary size can be solved by CKK if the numbers have at most 12 significant digits. CKK can also run as an anytime algorithm: it finds the KK solution first, and then finds progressively better solutions as time allows (possibly requiring exponential time to reach optimality, for the worst i... | Partition problem | 0.850123 |
528 | This "yes-no" format is often equivalently stated as "accept-reject"; that is, an algorithm "accepts" an input string if the answer to the decision problem is "yes" and "rejects" if the answer is "no". While some problems cannot easily be expressed as decision problems, they nonetheless encompass a broad range of compu... | Complexity class | 0.850091 |
529 | Polynomial equations of degree up to four can be solved exactly using algebraic methods, of which the quadratic formula is the simplest example. Polynomial equations with a degree of five or higher require in general numerical methods (see below) or special functions such as Bring radicals, although some specific cases... | Solution (equation) | 0.850056 |
530 | This idea immediately generalizes to higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces if the line is replaced by a hyperplane. The problem of determining if a pair of sets is linearly separable and finding a separating hyperplane if they are, arises in several areas. In statistics and machine learning, classifying certain types of ... | Linear separability | 0.850037 |
531 | Historically, the first example of gauge symmetry discovered was classical electromagnetism. In electrostatics, one can either discuss the electric field, E, or its corresponding electric potential, V. Knowledge of one makes it possible to find the other, except that potentials differing by a constant, V ↦ V + C {\disp... | Quantized gauge theories | 0.850029 |
532 | Comments: This section is applicable to all transactional systems, i.e., to all systems that use database transactions (atomic transactions; e.g., transactional objects in Systems management and in networks of smartphones which typically implement private, dedicated database systems), not only general-purpose database ... | Concurrent access | 0.850024 |
533 | Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited in electrical technology. In atomic physics and chemistry, for instance, the interaction in the electric field between the atomic nucleus and electrons is the force that holds these particles together in atoms. Similarly, the interaction in the e... | Electric field vector | 0.850022 |
534 | The mathematical abstraction of the statistics of coin flipping is described by means of the Bernoulli process; a single flip of a coin is a Bernoulli trial. In the study of statistics, coin-flipping plays the role of being an introductory example of the complexities of statistics. A commonly treated textbook topic is ... | Coin-tossing problem | 0.849994 |
535 | The order induced is a linear order, and so it is in fact a lattice and it is also a distributive and complemented lattice, i.e. it is actually the two-element Boolean algebra. The two binary operations defined by matrices in a blue background are associative and pairing either with A creates a semigroup isomorphic to ... | Semigroup with two elements | 0.849982 |
536 | Otherwise, the question is asked on the partly instantiated formula Φ{x1=TRUE}, i.e. Φ with the first variable x1 replaced by TRUE, and simplified accordingly. If the answer is "yes", then x1=TRUE, otherwise x1=FALSE. Values of other variables can be found subsequently in the same way. In total, n+1 runs of the algorit... | Propositional satisfiability | 0.849972 |
537 | As a result of rapid advances in data science and computational power, life scientists have been able to apply data-intensive machine learning methods to biological data, such as deep learning (DL), reinforcement learning (RL), and their combination (deep RL). These methods, alongside increases in data storage and comp... | Biological data | 0.849951 |
538 | The structure of a protein is directly related to its function. The presence of certain chemical groups in specific locations allows proteins to act as enzymes, catalyzing several chemical reactions. In general, protein structures are classified into four levels: primary (sequences), secondary (local conformation of th... | Structural bioinformatics | 0.849951 |
539 | In computer science, arranging in an ordered sequence is called "sorting". Sorting is a common operation in many applications, and efficient algorithms have been developed to perform it. The most common uses of sorted sequences are: making lookup or search efficient; making merging of sequences efficient; enabling proc... | Sorting | 0.849949 |
540 | Algebraic structures are defined through different configurations of axioms. Universal algebra abstractly studies such objects. One major dichotomy is between structures that are axiomatized entirely by identities and structures that are not. | Carrier set | 0.849854 |
541 | Most modern AI applications can not explain how they have reached a decision. The large amount of relationships between inputs and outputs in deep neural networks and resulting complexity makes it difficult for even an expert to explain how they produced their outputs, making them a black box.A machine learning program... | Cognitive system | 0.849848 |
542 | 3) "Theorem: A counter machine can be simulated by a 2CM , provided an obscure coding is accepted for the input and output" "Theorem: Any counter machine can be simulated by a 2CM, provided an obscure coding is accepted for the input and output." (p. 3) "Corollary: the halting problem for 2CMs is unsolvable. | Counter machine | 0.849844 |
543 | If the language being compiled is type safe, the compiler's type checker is correct, and the language lacks the ability to create pointers referencing local variables, (such as ML, Haskell, or Java) then some useful optimizations can be made. There are many cases where we know that two memory locations must be in diffe... | Alias analysis | 0.84984 |
544 | Protein folding studies provide a third important avenue of research, but one that has been largely inhibited by our inability to predict protein folding with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy. Given the myriad uses that biological systems have for proteins, though, research into understanding protein folding is o... | Nanobiotechnology | 0.849819 |
545 | Mathematician Zhu Shijie further developed rod calculus to include polynomial equations of 2 to four unknowns. For example, polynomials of three unknowns: Equation 1: − y − z − y 2 ∗ x − x + x y z = 0 {\displaystyle -y-z-y^{2}*x-x+xyz=0} 太 Equation 2: − y − z + x − x 2 + x z = 0 {\displaystyle -y-z+x-x^{2}+xz=0} Equati... | Rod calculus | 0.849816 |
546 | Protein structure prediction is important in several fields of science, including bioinformatics, molecular biology, and medicine. Identifying natural proteins' structural configurations enables scientists to understand them better. This can lead to creating novel proteins by design, advances in treating disease, and s... | Foldit | 0.849812 |
547 | Electric field work is the work performed by an electric field on a charged particle in its vicinity. The particle located experiences an interaction with the electric field. The work per unit of charge is defined by moving a negligible test charge between two points, and is expressed as the difference in electric pote... | Work (electric field) | 0.849811 |
548 | Mermaid's wineglass, a genus of subtropical green algae, is single-celled but remarkably large and complex in form with a single large nucleus, making it a model organism for studying cell biology. Another single-celled algae, Caulerpa taxifolia, has the appearance of a vascular plant including "leaves" arranged neatly... | Marine microorganisms | 0.84977 |
549 | The second column is the azimuthal quantum number (ℓ) of the subshell. The precise definition involves quantum mechanics, but it is a number that characterizes the subshell. The third column is the maximum number of electrons that can be put into a subshell of that type. | Atomic shell | 0.849769 |
550 | Since Sylow's theorem ensures the existence of p-subgroups of a finite group, it's worthwhile to study groups of prime power order more closely. Most of the examples use Sylow's theorem to prove that a group of a particular order is not simple. For groups of small order, the congruence condition of Sylow's theorem is o... | Sylow 2-subgroup | 0.849746 |
551 | In structural biology, ambiguity has been recognized as a problem for studying protein conformations. The analysis of a protein three-dimensional structure consists in dividing the macromolecule into subunits called domains. The difficulty of this task arises from the fact that different definitions of what a domain is... | Ambiguity | 0.849737 |
552 | TEAD1 can be palmitoylated on a conserved cysteine at the C-term of the protein. This post-translational modification is critical for proper folding of TEAD proteins and their stability. Based on bioinformatics evidence TEAD2 can be ubiquitinylated at Lys75 and several phosphorylation sites exist in the protein. | TEAD2 | 0.849721 |
553 | The focal subgroup theorem relates several lines of investigation in finite group theory: normal subgroups of index a power of p, the transfer homomorphism, and fusion of elements. | Focal subgroup theorem | 0.849715 |
554 | If S is a subset of G such that all elements of S commute with each other, then the largest subgroup of G whose center contains S is the subgroup CG(S). A subgroup H of a group G is called a self-normalizing subgroup of G if NG(H) = H. The center of G is exactly CG(G) and G is an abelian group if and only if CG(G) = Z(... | Centralizer and normalizer | 0.849688 |
555 | Every member of the F1 generation is heterozygous and the phenotype of the F1 generation expresses the dominant trait. Crossing two members of the F1 generation produces the second filial (F2) generation. Probability theory predicts that three quarters of the F2 generation will have the dominant allele's phenotype. And... | Monohybrid cross | 0.849656 |
556 | The College Board suggested as preparation for the test three years of mathematics, including two years of algebra, and one year of geometry. | SAT Subject Test in Mathematics Level 1 | 0.849655 |
557 | Bioinformatics Multiple Sequence Alignment Bioinformatics: RNA structure prediction Bioinformatics: Motif Discovery Biology and computational chemistry Building phylogenetic trees. Gene expression profiling analysis. Medicine: Clinical decision support in ophthalmology and oncology Computational Neuroscience: finding v... | List of genetic algorithm applications | 0.849609 |
558 | The preprocessing step in many bioinformatics applications involves classifying sequences, primarily classifying reads from a DNA sequencing experiment. For example, in metagenomic studies it is important to be able to tell if a sequencing read belongs to a new species. and in clinical sequencing projects it is vital t... | Bloom filters in bioinformatics | 0.849533 |
559 | Machine Learning. 39 (2/3): 135–168. doi:10.1023/A:1007649029923. | Machine Learning (journal) | 0.849516 |
560 | The set of non-zero elements in GF(q) is an abelian group under the multiplication, of order q – 1. By Lagrange's theorem, there exists a divisor k of q – 1 such that xk = 1 for every non-zero x in GF(q). As the equation xk = 1 has at most k solutions in any field, q – 1 is the lowest possible value for k. The structur... | Finite Field | 0.849512 |
561 | This edition is the Developer Edition, customized for use by the NUS Life Science Curriculum for the teaching of bioinformatics. | BioSLAX | 0.849499 |
562 | An exception to this rule is in the case of shared memory; for example, in the System V inter-process communication mechanism the kernel allocates memory to be mutually shared by multiple processes. Such features are often used by database management software such as PostgreSQL. Inadequate memory protection mechanisms,... | Computer multitasking | 0.849494 |
563 | In biology, proteins are produced by translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) with the protein sequence deriving from the sequence of codons in the mRNA. The mRNA is itself formed by the transcription of genes and may be further modified. These processes are sufficiently understood to use computer algorithms to automate pre... | Peptide sequencing | 0.849486 |
564 | See protein folding. A third approach that structural biologists take to understanding structure is bioinformatics to look for patterns among the diverse sequences that give rise to particular shapes. Researchers often can deduce aspects of the structure of integral membrane proteins based on the membrane topology pred... | Structural biologist | 0.849479 |
565 | There are learning automata, neural networks, etc. | Reconfigurable control | 0.849474 |
566 | A common variant of the problem, assumed by several academic authors as the canonical problem, does not make the simplifying assumption that the host must uniformly choose the door to open, but instead that he uses some other strategy. The confusion as to which formalization is authoritative has led to considerable acr... | Monty Hall problem | 0.849467 |
567 | A simple illustration of Sylow subgroups and the Sylow theorems are the dihedral group of the n-gon, D2n. For n odd, 2 = 21 is the highest power of 2 dividing the order, and thus subgroups of order 2 are Sylow subgroups. These are the groups generated by a reflection, of which there are n, and they are all conjugate un... | Sylow subgroup | 0.849458 |
568 | A ring may be viewed as an abelian group (by using the addition operation), with extra structure: namely, ring multiplication. In the same way, there are other mathematical objects which may be considered as rings with extra structure. For example: An associative algebra is a ring that is also a vector space over a fie... | Associative rings | 0.849415 |
569 | To: Mamikon Mnatsakanian, California Institute of Technology and Hui Fang Huang "Angie" Su, Nova Southeastern University For: Shapes and Numbers: From Counting to Calculus and Beyond | ICTCM Award | 0.849405 |
570 | 106. Problems 32, 33, 34, 38, 39, and 47 are similar, in that each divides a given quantity of money or food among a given number of people or animals consisting of three types, according to set ratios, and asks the number of each type. Algebraically, this is equivalent to two equations in three unknowns. | Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes | 0.849404 |
571 | 69. "How did Albert Einstein...arrive at his special theory of relativity?...I want only to stress that it is impossible to understand Einstein's discovery (if that is the right word) of special relativity without taking on board the impacts of the quantum in physics." | Relativity priority dispute | 0.849389 |
572 | This first-order theory is relevant as the structures discussed below are model thereof. However, this section thus does not concern aspects akin to topology and relevant arithmetic substructures are not definable therein. | Constructivist analysis | 0.849388 |
573 | A bucket queue can be used to maintain the vertices of an undirected graph, prioritized by their degrees, and repeatedly find and remove the vertex of minimum degree. This greedy algorithm can be used to calculate the degeneracy of a given graph, equal to the largest degree of any vertex at the time of its removal. The... | Bucket queue | 0.849351 |
574 | It is possible to find the hyperplanes guaranteed by the above theorems in O(Nd) steps. Also, if the 2d lists of the lower and upper endpoints of the intervals defining the boxes's ith coordinates are pre-sorted, then the best such hyperplane (according to a wide variety of optimality measures) may be found in O(Nd) st... | Geometric separator | 0.849332 |
575 | For example, there are three different groups of order two in the first sense, but there is only one in the second sense. Similarly, e.g. S2n is algebraically isomorphic with Z2n. | Point groups in three dimensions | 0.849314 |
576 | The buffer pointer is a proxy for the memory address 0xB8000000. Functional programming languages based on lambda-calculus reify the concept of a procedure abstraction and procedure application in the form of the Lambda expression. The Scheme programming language reifies continuations (approximately, the call stack). | Reification (computer science) | 0.849307 |
577 | The coronal heating problem in solar physics relates to the question of why the temperature of the Sun's corona is millions of kelvins versus the thousands of kelvins of the surface. Several theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon but it is still challenging to determine which of these is correct. The pr... | Stellar coronae | 0.849304 |
578 | Algebra includes the study of algebraic structures, which are sets and operations defined on these sets satisfying certain axioms. The field of algebra is further divided according to which structure is studied; for instance, group theory concerns an algebraic structure called group. Outline of algebra Glossary of fiel... | Lists of mathematics topics | 0.849279 |
579 | A simple example: Suppose a physics model requires four parameters which allow it to produce a very high quality working model, calculations, and predictions of some aspect of our physical universe. Suppose we find through experiments that the parameters have values: 1.2 1.31 0.9 and 404,331,557,902,116,024,553,602,703... | Naturalness (physics) | 0.849257 |
580 | In the mid-19th century, Austrian monk Gregor Mendel's observations of pea pods led to the principles of Mendelian genetics, the foundation of modern genetics. He ended up growing and examining about 28,000 pea plants in the course of his experiments.Mendel chose peas for his experiments because he could grow them easi... | Garden pea | 0.849244 |
581 | Multipliers are awarded for getting zones in a row or column. The 2013 competition final ended in a three-way tie, so a tie-breaker round was played. This tie breaker has been said to be the most tense match in Student Robotics history as it was won 3 seconds before the end. The video of this can be found here. Details... | Student Robotics | 0.849243 |
582 | (b) By definition, each iteration removes a minimum cut with <= n/2 edges. Theorems 1 and 2a provide a strong indication of a final cluster's homogeneity. Doing better approaches the case where all vertices of a cluster are connected, which is both too stringent and also NP-hard. Theorem 2b indicates separation since a... | HCS clustering algorithm | 0.8492 |
583 | A typical mNGS workflow consists of the following steps: Sample acquisition: the most commonly used samples for metagenomic sequencing are blood, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, or nasopharyngeal swabs. Among these, blood and CSF are the cleanest, having less background noise, while the others are expected to ... | Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing | 0.849166 |
584 | However, rarely, multiple thresholds may be chosen and the stump therefore contains three or more leaves. Decision stumps are often used as components (called "weak learners" or "base learners") in machine learning ensemble techniques such as bagging and boosting. For example, a Viola–Jones face detection algorithm emp... | Decision stump | 0.849143 |
585 | In computer science, the analysis of algorithms is the process of finding the computational complexity of algorithms—the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to execute them. Usually, this involves determining a function that relates the size of an algorithm's input to the number of steps it takes (its ti... | Computationally expensive | 0.849135 |
586 | Mermaid's wineglass, a genus of subtropical green algae, is single-celled but remarkably large and complex in form with a single large nucleus, making it a model organism for studying cell biology. Another single celled algae, Caulerpa taxifolia, has the appearance of a vascular plant including "leaves" arranged neatly... | Marine Biodiversity | 0.849123 |
587 | Since nuclei are long lasting structures in muscle, this suggests that anabolic steroids might have long lasting if not permanent effects on the ability to grow muscle mass. The mechanisms implied for the muscle memory suggest that it mainly related to strength training, and a 2016 study conducted at Karolinska Institu... | Muscle memory (strength training) | 0.849119 |
588 | This is not a restriction because atoms of this form include all the ordinary atoms, namely the constants 0 and 1, which arise here as the n-ary operations nf0 and nf−1 for each n (abbreviating 22n−1 to −1), and the variables x0,...,xn-1 as can be seen from the truth tables where x0 appears as both the unary operation ... | Boolean algebras canonically defined | 0.849113 |
589 | Putting these time bounds together gives O ( n log 2 n ) {\displaystyle O(n\log ^{2}n)} total time for the parametric search. This is not the optimal time for this problem – the same problem can be solved more quickly by observing that the crossing time of the median equals the median of the crossing times of the par... | Parametric search | 0.849103 |
590 | Such procedure is currently used in Deep learning networks. To compare and choose optimal models, two or more subsets of a data sample are used. This makes it possible to avoid preliminary assumptions, because sample division implicitly acknowledges different types of uncertainty during the automatic construction of th... | Group method of data handling | 0.849101 |
591 | A triple (+, ·, ≤) consisting of two binary functions N × N → N and one binary relation on N belongs to P(N × N × N) × P(N × N × N) × P(N × N). Similarly, every algebraic structure on a set belongs to the corresponding set in the scale of sets on X. Non-algebraic structures on a set X often involve sets of subsets of X... | Equivalent definitions of mathematical structures | 0.849054 |
592 | In mathematics, a semigroup with two elements is a semigroup for which the cardinality of the underlying set is two. There are exactly five nonisomorphic semigroups having two elements: O2, the null semigroup of order two, LO2, the left zero semigroup of order two, RO2, the right zero semigroup of order two, ({0,1}, ∧)... | Semigroup with two elements | 0.849028 |
593 | The GRE subject test in mathematics is a standardized test in the United States created by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), and is designed to assess a candidate's potential for graduate or post-graduate study in the field of mathematics. It contains questions from many fields of mathematics; about 50% of the que... | GRE Mathematics Test | 0.848953 |
594 | At the second step, a linear system of two algebraic equations has to be solved. At the third step, one algebraic condition has to be checked. Step 1. | Invariant factorization of LPDOs | 0.848944 |
595 | A collection of algebraic structures defined by identities is called a variety or equational class. Restricting one's study to varieties rules out: quantification, including universal quantification ( ∀ {\displaystyle \forall } ) except before an equation, and existential quantification ( ∃ {\displaystyle \exists } ) l... | Equational reasoning | 0.84894 |
596 | The following conditions comprise the classification theorem for Max Ones problems. If setting all variables true satisfies all clauses, it is in PO. If each clause can be written as the CNF of Dual-Horn subclauses, it is in PO. If it is an instance of 2-X(N)OR-SAT, which is X(N)OR-SAT with two variables per linear equ... | Max/min CSP/Ones classification theorems | 0.848925 |
597 | The outer, light-emitting layer of a star is known as the photosphere. Temperature estimates of the photosphere of Wolf 359 range from 2,500 K to 2,900 K, which is sufficiently cool for equilibrium chemistry to occur. The resulting chemical compounds survive long enough to be observed through their spectral lines. Nume... | Wolf 359 | 0.84891 |
598 | Some authors may split d in half and use s = d/2 since this quantity is the distance between either charge and the center of the dipole, leading to a factor of two in the definition. A stronger mathematical definition is to use vector algebra, since a quantity with magnitude and direction, like the dipole moment of two... | Electric dipole | 0.848894 |
599 | In mathematics, the term simple is used to describe an algebraic structure which in some sense cannot be divided by a smaller structure of the same type. Put another way, an algebraic structure is simple if the kernel of every homomorphism is either the whole structure or a single element. Some examples are: A group is... | Simple (abstract algebra) | 0.848888 |
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