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10,600 | Image filter design commonly uses modifications of the basic ladder topology. These topologies, invented by Otto Zobel, have the same passbands as the ladder on which they are based but their transfer functions are modified to improve some parameter such as impedance matching, stopband rejection or passband-to-stopband... | Multiple feedback topology (electronics) | 0.81877 |
10,601 | In low pass form the topology would consist of series inductors and shunt capacitors. Other bandforms would have an equally simple topology transformed from the lowpass topology. The transformed network will have shunt admittances that are dual networks of the series impedances if they were duals in the starting networ... | Multiple feedback topology (electronics) | 0.81877 |
10,602 | There are two forms of basic ladder topologies: unbalanced and balanced. Cauer topology is usually thought of as an unbalanced ladder topology. A ladder network consists of cascaded asymmetrical L-sections (unbalanced) or C-sections (balanced). | Multiple feedback topology (electronics) | 0.81877 |
10,603 | Ladder topology, often called Cauer topology after Wilhelm Cauer (inventor of the elliptic filter), was in fact first used by George Campbell (inventor of the constant k filter). Campbell published in 1922 but had clearly been using the topology for some time before this. Cauer first picked up on ladders (published 192... | Multiple feedback topology (electronics) | 0.81877 |
10,604 | For this reason, many books and papers on relativistic physics use geometric units. An alternative system of geometrized units is often used in particle physics and cosmology, in which 8πG = 1 instead. This introduces an additional factor of 8π into Newton's law of universal gravitation but simplifies the Einstein fiel... | Geometrized units | 0.81877 |
10,605 | All physical quantities are identified with geometric quantities such as areas, lengths, dimensionless numbers, path curvatures, or sectional curvatures. Many equations in relativistic physics appear simpler when expressed in geometric units, because all occurrences of G and of c drop out. For example, the Schwarzschil... | Geometrized units | 0.81877 |
10,606 | A geometrized unit system, geometric unit system or geometrodynamic unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical units are chosen so that the speed of light in vacuum, c, and the gravitational constant, G, are set equal to unity. c = 1 {\displaystyle c=1\ } G = 1 {\displaystyle G=1\ } The geometr... | Geometrized units | 0.81877 |
10,607 | This is seen in the condition that a 1 at some bit position implies that the vector is not in the set. For sparse sets, this condition is common, and hence many node eliminations are possible. Minato has proved that ZDDs are especially suitable for combinatorial problems, such as the classical problems in two-level log... | Zero-suppressed decision diagram | 0.81877 |
10,608 | N. Takahashi et al suggested a fault simulation method given multiple faults by using OBDDs. This deductive method transmits the fault sets from primary inputs to primary outputs, and captures the faults at primary outputs. Since this method involves unate cube set expressions, ZDDs are more efficient. The optimization... | Zero-suppressed decision diagram | 0.81877 |
10,609 | According to Knuth, the equivalent size of B(F) using a BDD is 46,189—significantly larger than Z(F). In spite of having similar theories and algorithms, ZDDs outperform BDDs for this problem with quite a large margin. Consequently, ZDDs allow us to perform certain queries that are too onerous for BDDs. Complex familie... | Zero-suppressed decision diagram | 0.81877 |
10,610 | The suffix -yl is used in organic chemistry to form names of radicals, either separate species (called free radicals) or chemically bonded parts of molecules (called moieties). It can be traced back to the old name of methanol, "methylene" (from Ancient Greek: μέθυ méthu, 'wine' and ὕλη húlē, 'wood', 'forest'), which b... | Chemical substituent | 0.818766 |
10,611 | The total number of organic substituents in organic chemistry is estimated at 3.1 million, creating a total of 6.7×1023 molecules. An infinite number of substituents can be obtained simply by increasing carbon chain length. For instance, the substituents methyl (-CH3) and pentyl (-C5H11). | Chemical substituent | 0.818766 |
10,612 | The d-block contraction (sometimes called scandide contraction) is a term used in chemistry to describe the effect of having full d orbitals on the period 4 elements. The elements in question are gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, bromine, and krypton. Their electronic configurations include completely filled d orb... | D-block contraction | 0.818763 |
10,613 | The types of finite geometry covered by the book include partial linear spaces, linear spaces, affine spaces and affine planes, projective spaces and projective planes, polar spaces, generalized quadrangles, and partial geometries. A central connecting concept is the "connection number" of a point and a line not contai... | Combinatorics of Finite Geometries | 0.818762 |
10,614 | Combinatorics of Finite Geometries is an undergraduate mathematics textbook on finite geometry by Lynn Batten. It was published by Cambridge University Press in 1986 with a second edition in 1997 (ISBN 0-521-59014-0). | Combinatorics of Finite Geometries | 0.818762 |
10,615 | The book is aimed at advanced undergraduates, assuming only an introductory-level of abstract algebra and some knowledge of linear algebra. Its coverage of recent research also makes it useful as background reading for researchers in this area.Reviewer Michael J. Kallaher cites as a "serious shortcoming" of the first e... | Combinatorics of Finite Geometries | 0.818762 |
10,616 | The classical objects of interest in arithmetic geometry are rational points: sets of solutions of a system of polynomial equations over number fields, finite fields, p-adic fields, or function fields, i.e. fields that are not algebraically closed excluding the real numbers. Rational points can be directly characterize... | Arithmetic Geometry | 0.818762 |
10,617 | In the early 19th century, Carl Friedrich Gauss observed that non-zero integer solutions to homogeneous polynomial equations with rational coefficients exist if non-zero rational solutions exist.In the 1850s, Leopold Kronecker formulated the Kronecker–Weber theorem, introduced the theory of divisors, and made numerous ... | Arithmetic Geometry | 0.818762 |
10,618 | In mathematics, arithmetic geometry is roughly the application of techniques from algebraic geometry to problems in number theory. Arithmetic geometry is centered around Diophantine geometry, the study of rational points of algebraic varieties.In more abstract terms, arithmetic geometry can be defined as the study of s... | Arithmetic Geometry | 0.818762 |
10,619 | Between 1956 and 1957, Yutaka Taniyama and Goro Shimura posed the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture (now known as the modularity theorem) relating elliptic curves to modular forms. This connection would ultimately lead to the first proof of Fermat's Last Theorem in number theory through algebraic geometry techniques of modul... | Arithmetic Geometry | 0.818762 |
10,620 | The second context in which chessboards arise in computer vision is to demonstrate several canonical feature extraction algorithms. In feature extraction, one seeks to identify image interest points, which summarize the semantic content of an image and, hence, offer a reduced dimensionality representation of one's data... | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,621 | Corners are a useful image feature because they are necessarily distinct from their neighboring pixels. The Harris corner detector is a standard algorithm for corner detection in computer vision. The algorithm works by analyzing the eigenvalues of the 2D discrete structure tensor matrix at each image pixel and flagging... | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,622 | Corners are a natural local image feature exploited in many computer vision systems. Loosely speaking, one can define a corner as the intersection of two edges. A variety of corner detection algorithms exist that formalize this notion into concrete algorithms. | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,623 | Chessboards arise frequently in computer vision theory and practice because their highly structured geometry is well-suited for algorithmic detection and processing. The appearance of chessboards in computer vision can be divided into two main areas: camera calibration and feature extraction. This article provides a un... | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,624 | Lines are another natural local image feature exploited in many computer vision systems. Geometrically, the set of all lines in a 2D image can be parametrized by polar coordinates ( ρ , θ ) {\displaystyle (\rho ,\theta )} describing the distance and angle, respectively, of their normal vectors with respect to the origi... | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,625 | Camera calibration is an important step in the computer vision pipeline because many subsequent algorithms require knowledge of camera parameters as input. Chessboards are often used during camera calibration because they are simple to construct, and their planar grid structure defines many natural interest points in a... | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,626 | A classical problem in computer vision is three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, where one seeks to infer 3D structure about a scene from two-dimensional (2D) images of it. Practical cameras are complex devices, and photogrammetry is needed to model the relationship between image sensor measurements and the 3D world. I... | Chessboard detection | 0.818761 |
10,627 | In July 2017, Naver launched Papago, which is an AI-based mobile translator that uses a large neural network technology named N2MT (Naver Neural Machine Translation). It can translate text and phrases in 15 different languages (Korean, English, Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Spanish, French, Ger... | Knowledge iN | 0.818757 |
10,628 | In August 2017, Naver Labs acquired Xerox Research Center Europe (XRCE) for an undisclosed amount and renamed it. Naver Labs Europe is the biggest industrial research center in Artificial Intelligence in France. | Knowledge iN | 0.818757 |
10,629 | NAVER LABS Corp. is Naver's R&D subsidiary developing future technologies in areas such as autonomous driving and artificial intelligence with the goal of achieving Ambient Intelligence. It first began as an R&D division within Naver in 2013, and was officially established in Pangyo in January 2017 with CEO Song Chang-... | Knowledge iN | 0.818757 |
10,630 | Deview is a conference hosted by Naver since 2008, where developers from various countries share their technical knowledge and experience. Through several dozens of sessions, participants share in-depth knowledge in fields such as web, mobile, AI, big data, deep learning, robotics, and more. In 2017, 2,500 tickets went... | Knowledge iN | 0.818757 |
10,631 | Clova is an AI platform integrating speech and image recognition and artificial neural network translation to provide an interactive engine. Clova is being integrated into Naver and Line services, Naver's smart speaker WAVE and Friends, smart display FACE, and other third-party devices. | Knowledge iN | 0.818757 |
10,632 | The round was led by aMoon a health-tech and life sciences venture fund based in Israel, and Hitachi Ventures, a venture arm of Japanese Hitachi Group.In 2021, Sophia Genetics went public, trading under the symbol SOPH on the Nasdaq. The company raised $234 million in its IPO and was backed by J.P. Morgan, Morgan Stanl... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,633 | The company has been through multiple rounds of funding. In September 2013, as part of a Series A round of funding, Sophia Genetics received $3 million for its medical software platform.A Series B round of funding in 2014 raised $13.75 million from Swisscom and Endeavour Vision.In a December 2015 Series C round of fund... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,634 | The platform’s AI system was designed to conduct a full-genome analysis of the virus. It then combines that data with patient genetic information, and clinical data such as the results of lung and CT scans to discover abnormalities predictive of disease evolution. Sophia Genetics also received the Best Overall Genomics... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,635 | The SOPHiA DDM Platform's AI algorithms then pull out unique genetic variants and pre-classifies data according to pathogenic predictions. Doctors and researchers can then review the detected variants and take action – the SOPHiA DDM Platform in turn learns from those actionsIn 2017, Sophia Genetics was ranked as one o... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,636 | Sophia Genetics was co-founded by Jurgi Camblong, Pierre Hutter, and Lars Steinmetz in 2011 as a start-up at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). It began as a research tool for hospitals and federally regulated health care labs, and then expanded to biopharma institutions.In 2014, the company introduced an... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,637 | Sophia Genetics is a data-driven medicine software company with headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland and Boston, Massachusetts. It provides genomic and radiomic analysis for hospitals, laboratories, and biopharma institutions. The company was ranked among the 50 smartest companies by the MIT Technology Review in 2017.... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,638 | In 2016, Sophia Genetics entered into a comarketing agreement with Illumina allowing the two companies to promote adoption of next- generation DNA sequencing.In 2019, Sophia Genetics formed partnerships with Integrated DNA Technologies and Paragon Genomics, next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay development company, to... | Sophia Genetics | 0.818756 |
10,639 | The science and engineering of spacefaring and spaceflight, a subset of Aerospace engineering (which includes atmospheric flight) Space technology is technology for use in outer space, in travel or other activities beyond Earth's atmosphere, for purposes such as spaceflight, space exploration, and Earth observation. Sp... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,640 | Observatories on the ground as well as space observatories take measurements of celestial entities and phenomena. It is concerned with recording data. The subdisciplines of observational astronomy are generally made by the specifications of the detectors: Radio astronomy – >300 µm Submillimetre astronomy – 200 µm to 1 ... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,641 | Defines the system of coordinates used and the kinematics of objects in our galaxy. Photometry – study of how bright celestial objects are when passed through different filters Spectroscopy – study of the spectra of astronomical objects Observational astronomy – practice of observing celestial objects by using telescop... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,642 | Space biology – studies to build a better understanding of how spaceflight affects living systems in spacecraft, or in ground-based experiments that mimic aspects of spaceflight Space chemistry – Reactions of elements to form more complex compounds, such as amino acids, are key to the study of chemistry in space.Astrob... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,643 | Planetary Science – study of planets, moons, and planetary systems. Atmospheric science – study of atmospheres and weather. Planetary geology Planetary oceanography Exoplanetology – various planets outside of the Solar System Astrochemistry – studies the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their i... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,644 | The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at its largest scale. Chemical cosmology - study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions. Quantum cosmology – the study of cosmology through the use of quantum field theory to explain phenomena general rela... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,645 | Galactic astronomy – deals with the structure and components of our galaxy and of other galaxies. Extragalactic astronomy – study of objects (mainly galaxies) outside our galaxy, including Galaxy formation and evolution. Cosmology Physical cosmology – origin and evolution of the universe as a whole. | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,646 | Space physics – study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere (aeronomy) and within the Solar System. Solar physics – Sun and its interaction with the remainder of the Solar System and interstellar space. Stellar astronomy – concerned with Star formation, physical properties, main sequence li... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,647 | The subdisciplines of theoretical astrophysics are: Computational astrophysics – The study of astrophysics using computational methods and tools to develop computational models. Plasma astrophysics – studies properties of plasma in outer space. | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,648 | See astronomical object for a list of specific types of entities which scientists study. See Earth's location in the universe for an orientation. Subfields of astronomy: Astrophysics – branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties of celestial objects, as well as the... | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,649 | The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science: Space science encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology. | Space Science | 0.818752 |
10,650 | In the early 1980s there were only upper limits available for the CIB. The real observations of the CIB began after the era of astronomical satellites working in the infrared, started by the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS), and followed by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) ... | Cosmic infrared background | 0.818746 |
10,651 | In number theory and combinatorics, a multipartition of a positive integer n is a way of writing n as a sum, each element of which is in turn a partition. The concept is also found in the theory of Lie algebras. | Multipartition | 0.818746 |
10,652 | Yet we are also aware that such inference is defeasible—that new information may undermine old conclusions. Various kinds of defeasible but remarkably successful inference have traditionally captured the attention of philosophers (theories of induction, Peirce's theory of abduction, inference to the best explanation, e... | Inference | 0.818742 |
10,653 | Through the rules of probability, the probability of a conclusion and of alternatives can be calculated. The best explanation is most often identified with the most probable (see Bayesian decision theory). A central rule of Bayesian inference is Bayes' theorem. | Inference | 0.818742 |
10,654 | A colloidal crystal is a highly ordered array of particles that can be formed over a very long range (typically on the order of a few millimeters to one centimeter) and that appear analogous to their atomic or molecular counterparts. One of the finest natural examples of this ordering phenomenon can be found in preciou... | Colloidal interactions | 0.818737 |
10,655 | Phospholipase D metabolizes ethanol into phosphatidylethanol (PEtOH) in a process termed transphosphatidylation. Using fly genetics the PEtOH was shown to mediates alcohol's hyperactive response in fruit flies. And ethanol transphosphatidylation was shown to be up-regulated in alcoholics and the family members of alcoh... | Phospholipase D | 0.818731 |
10,656 | 1 appears to meet the naïve definition of a prime number, being evenly divisible only by 1 and itself (also 1). As such, some mathematicians considered it a prime number as late as the middle of the 20th century, but mathematical consensus has generally and since then universally been to exclude it for a variety of rea... | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,657 | 1 is by convention neither a prime number nor a composite number, but a unit (meaning of ring theory) like −1 and, in the Gaussian integers, i and −i. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic guarantees unique factorization over the integers only up to units. For example, 4 = 22, but if units are included, is also equal t... | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,658 | 1 is the most common leading digit in many sets of data, a consequence of Benford's law. 1 is the only known Tamagawa number for a simply connected algebraic group over a number field. The generating function that has all coefficients equal to 1 is a geometric series, given by 1 1 − x = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + … {\displays... | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,659 | The definition of a field requires that 1 must not be equal to 0. Thus, there are no fields of characteristic 1. Nevertheless, abstract algebra can consider the field with one element, which is not a singleton and is not a set at all. | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,660 | In category theory, 1 is sometimes used to denote the terminal object of a category. In number theory, 1 is the value of Legendre's constant, which was introduced in 1808 by Adrien-Marie Legendre in expressing the asymptotic behavior of the prime-counting function. Legendre's constant was originally conjectured to be a... | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,661 | Mathematically, 1 is: in arithmetic (algebra) and calculus, the natural number that follows 0 and the multiplicative identity element of the integers, real numbers and complex numbers; more generally, in algebra, the multiplicative identity (also called unity), usually of a group or a ring.Formalizations of the natural... | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,662 | In the philosophy of Plotinus (and that of other neoplatonists), The One is the ultimate reality and source of all existence. Philo of Alexandria (20 BC – AD 50) regarded the number one as God's number, and the basis for all numbers ("De Allegoriis Legum," ii.12 ). The Neopythagorean philosopher Nicomachus of Gerasa af... | 1 | 0.818727 |
10,663 | The active chemistry involved in these coatings is typically a polysiloxane. Permanent coatings: most often some form of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating, which is applied to the mold. Permanent coatings avoid the need for operator application, but may become damaged by misuse. | Rotational molding | 0.818726 |
10,664 | There is a class of hierarchical DGG's named by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) as "discrete global grid systems" (DGGS), that must to satisfy 18 requirements. Among them, what best distinguishes this class from other hierarchical DGGs, is the Requirement-8, "For each successive level of grid refinement, and for e... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.818723 |
10,665 | There are many DGGs because there are many representational, optimization and modeling alternatives. All DGG grid is a composition of its cells, and, in the Hierarchical DGG each cell uses a new grid over its local region. The illustration is not adequate to TIN DEM cases and similar "raw data" structures, where the da... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.818723 |
10,666 | The standard defines the requirements of a hierarchical DGG, including how to operate the grid. Any DGG that satisfies these requirements can be named DGGS. "A DGGS specification SHALL include a DGGS Reference Frame and the associated Functional Algorithms as defined by the DGGS Core Conceptual Data Model". For an Eart... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.818723 |
10,667 | The evaluation discrete global grid consists of many aspects, including area, shape, compactness, etc. Evaluation methods for map projection, such as Tissot's indicatrix, are also suitable for evaluating map projection-based discrete global grid. In addition, averaged ratio between complementary profiles (AveRaComp) gi... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.818723 |
10,668 | If there is no projection, the object covered by the grid is the Geoid, the Earth or a sphere; else is the geometry class of the projection surface (e.g. a cylinder, a cube or a cone). Projection type: absent (no projection) or present. When present, its characterization can be summarized by the projection's goal prope... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.818723 |
10,669 | Typically the geographic coordinates (φ,λ) are projected (with some distortion) onto the 2D mapping plane with 2D Cartesian coordinates (x, y).As a global modeling process, modern DGGs, when including projection process, tend to avoid surfaces like cylinder or a conic solids that result in discontinuities and indexing ... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.818723 |
10,670 | Many approaches can potentially quantify radiation absorption, with key examples following. The absorption coefficient along with some closely related derived quantities The attenuation coefficient (NB used infrequently with meaning synonymous with "absorption coefficient") The Molar attenuation coefficient (also calle... | Light absorption | 0.818721 |
10,671 | In the history of mathematics, the generality of algebra was a phrase used by Augustin-Louis Cauchy to describe a method of argument that was used in the 18th century by mathematicians such as Leonhard Euler and Joseph-Louis Lagrange, particularly in manipulating infinite series. According to Koetsier, the generality o... | Generality of algebra | 0.818714 |
10,672 | The four dimensions (4D) of spacetime consist of events that are not absolutely defined spatially and temporally, but rather are known relative to the motion of an observer. Minkowski space first approximates the universe without gravity; the pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of general relativity describe spacetime with mat... | Dimension | 0.818711 |
10,673 | In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. Thus, a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on it – for example, the point at 5 on a numbe... | Dimension | 0.818711 |
10,674 | The demonstration of the t and chi-squared distributions for one-sample problems above is the simplest example where degrees-of-freedom arise. However, similar geometry and vector decompositions underlie much of the theory of linear models, including linear regression and analysis of variance. An explicit example based... | Degrees of freedom (statistics) | 0.818708 |
10,675 | The definition of biological communication is not simple. In the field of cell biology early research was at a cellular to organism level. How the individual cells in one organism could affect those in another was difficult to trace and not of primary concern. | Intercellular communication | 0.818704 |
10,676 | In the field of molecular biology, the cAMP-dependent pathway, also known as the adenylyl cyclase pathway, is a G protein-coupled receptor-triggered signaling cascade used in cell communication. | CAMP-dependent pathway | 0.818703 |
10,677 | Thus, the value of the qubit is not between 1 and 0, but changes depending on when it is measured. This trait of qubits is known as quantum entanglement, and is the core idea of quantum computing that allows quantum computers to do large scale computations. Quantum computing is often used for scientific research in cas... | Computing technology | 0.818701 |
10,678 | Quantum computing is an area of research that brings together the disciplines of computer science, information theory, and quantum physics. While the idea of information as part of physics is relatively new, there appears to be a strong tie between information theory and quantum mechanics. Whereas traditional computing... | Computing technology | 0.818701 |
10,679 | Computer programming is the process of writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code and documentation of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language, which is an artificial language that is often more restrictive than natural languages, but easily translated by the computer.... | Computing technology | 0.818701 |
10,680 | A programmer's primary computer language (C, C++, Java, Lisp, Python etc.) is often prefixed to the above titles, and those who work in a web environment often prefix their titles with Web. The term programmer can be used to refer to a software developer, software engineer, computer scientist, or software analyst. Howe... | Computing technology | 0.818701 |
10,681 | Intramolecular forces are extremely important in the field of biochemistry, where it comes into play at the most basic levels of biological structures. Intramolecular forces such as disulfide bonds give proteins and DNA their structure. Proteins derive their structure from the intramolecular forces that shape them and ... | Intramolecular force | 0.8187 |
10,682 | Semidefinite programming has been applied to find approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems, such as the solution of the max cut problem with an approximation ratio of 0.87856. SDPs are also used in geometry to determine tensegrity graphs, and arise in control theory as LMIs, and in inverse elliptic ... | Semidefinite programs | 0.8187 |
10,683 | The code ConicBundle formulates the SDP problem as a nonsmooth optimization problem and solves it by the Spectral Bundle method of nonsmooth optimization. This approach is very efficient for a special class of linear SDP problems. | Semidefinite programs | 0.8187 |
10,684 | Genetics influence individuals as they select their environment. | G Is for Genes | 0.818698 |
10,685 | Part one consists of 11 chapters that present the field of behavioural genetics and what implications some findings have on education. It addresses issues such as twin studies, sex differences and socio-economic status. Part one is summarized in 7 "big ideas" which are the following: | G Is for Genes | 0.818698 |
10,686 | Include a course on genetics of learning in teacher training and make useful information about personalization of education available to all schools. | G Is for Genes | 0.818698 |
10,687 | G is for Genes: The Impact of Genetics on Education and Achievement is a 2013 book by Robert Plomin, Professor of Behavioral Genetics at the King's College London and Kathryn Ashbury, lecturer in the Centre for Psychology and Education at the University of York. The book summarizes findings of behavioural genetics that... | G Is for Genes | 0.818698 |
10,688 | School performance is influenced by the same genes across life span and dramatic fluctuations in performance are likely to be caused by environment, not biology. Even though it's likely that emerging biotechnology will make it possible to have predictive genetic information relevant to learning, the predictions can nev... | G Is for Genes | 0.818698 |
10,689 | Perfect equality of opportunity would still result in differences between individuals, but these differences would be more due to genetics. There is a need to introduce more choice so different natures can be nurtured to full potential. | G Is for Genes | 0.818698 |
10,690 | Not all researchers agree that short- and long-term memory are separate systems. The alternative Unitary Model proposes that short-term memory consists of temporary activations of long-term representations (that there is one memory that behaves variously over all time scales, from milliseconds to years). It has been di... | Long term memory | 0.818696 |
10,691 | As evidence of this work, he applied his conjectures on direct similarity and equilateral triangles in proving Napoleon's theorem. He then built off Napoleon by proving that if an equilateral triangle was constructed with equilateral triangles incident on each vertex, the midpoints of the connecting lines between the n... | Similarity system of triangles | 0.818687 |
10,692 | Euler's number, e = 2.71828..., the base of the natural logarithm Euler's idoneal numbers, a set of 65 or possibly 66 or 67 integers with special properties Euler numbers – Integers occurring in the coefficients of the Taylor series of 1/cosh t Eulerian numbers count certain types of permutations. Euler number (physics... | Euler's Equation | 0.818674 |
10,693 | Euler's homogeneous function theorem – A homogeneous function is a linear combination of its partial derivatives Euler's infinite tetration theorem – About the limit of iterated exponentiation Euler's rotation theorem – Movement with a fixed point is rotation Euler's theorem (differential geometry) – Orthogonality of t... | Euler's Equation | 0.818674 |
10,694 | The Euler function, a modular form that is a prototypical q-series. Euler's totient function (or Euler phi (φ) function) in number theory, counting the number of coprime integers less than an integer. Euler hypergeometric integral Euler–Riemann zeta function | Euler's Equation | 0.818674 |
10,695 | In mathematics and physics, many topics are named in honor of Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), who made many important discoveries and innovations. Many of these items named after Euler include their own unique function, equation, formula, identity, number (single or sequence), or other mathematical enti... | Euler's Equation | 0.818674 |
10,696 | The first variation of V {\displaystyle V} is given by If we apply the divergence theorem, the result is If we first set v = 0 {\displaystyle v=0} on C , {\displaystyle C,} the boundary integral vanishes, and we conclude as before that in D . {\displaystyle D.} Then if we allow v {\displaystyle v} to assume arbitrary ... | Calculus of Variations | 0.818662 |
10,697 | In statistics and decision theory, a frequently used loss function is the 0-1 loss function L ( y ^ , y ) = {\displaystyle L({\hat {y}},y)=\left} using Iverson bracket notation, i.e. it evaluates to 1 when y ^ ≠ y {\displaystyle {\hat {y}}\neq y} , and 0 otherwise. | Loss function | 0.818658 |
10,698 | In the logical discipline of proof theory, a structural rule is an inference rule of a sequent calculus that does not refer to any logical connective, but instead operates on the sequents directly. Structural rules often mimic intended meta-theoretic properties of the logic. Logics that deny one or more of the structur... | Rule of contraction | 0.818657 |
10,699 | These are not the only possible structural rules. A famous structural rule is known as cut. Considerable effort is spent by proof theorists in showing that cut rules are superfluous in various logics. More precisely, what is shown is that cut is only (in a sense) a tool for abbreviating proofs, and does not add to the ... | Rule of contraction | 0.818657 |
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