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3,700 | On its scientific calculators, Sharp calls this method Direct Algebraic Logic (D.A.L. ), Casio calls this method the Visually Perfect Algebraic Method (V.P.A.M. ), and Texas Instruments calls it the Equation Operating System (EOS). | Algebraic input method | 0.829909 |
3,701 | Biology Today: An Issues Approach is a college-oriented Biology textbook by Eli C. Minkoff and Pamela J. Baker designed to integrate the teaching of biological concepts within the context of current societal issues relating to these topics. It is the original issues-oriented introductory-level general biology textbook.... | Biology Today: An Issues Approach | 0.829895 |
3,702 | Unlike other introductory-level general biology textbooks, Biology Today: An Issues Approach is unique in the sense that it has an issues-oriented approach towards the teaching of biology concepts which emphasizes coherent understanding of the given material. The goal of the book isn't to give any straightforward answe... | Biology Today: An Issues Approach | 0.829895 |
3,703 | Reception for the book has been positive. The Quarterly Review of Biology gave a positive review for the text in 1997 and 2005, with the reviewer in 2005 calling it "an excellent textbook" and praising the website associated with the book. BioScience also gave praise for the book, commenting upon its layout and approac... | Biology Today: An Issues Approach | 0.829895 |
3,704 | Real-time PCR technique can be classified by the chemistry used to detect the PCR product, specific or non-specific fluorochromes. | Real-time PCR | 0.829893 |
3,705 | The rotating calipers method was first used in the dissertation of Michael Shamos in 1978. Shamos used this method to generate all antipodal pairs of points on a convex polygon and to compute the diameter of a convex polygon in O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} time. Godfried Toussaint coined the phrase "rotating calipers" ... | Rotating calipers | 0.829882 |
3,706 | In computational geometry, the method of rotating calipers is an algorithm design technique that can be used to solve optimization problems including finding the width or diameter of a set of points. The method is so named because the idea is analogous to rotating a spring-loaded vernier caliper around the outside of a... | Rotating calipers | 0.829882 |
3,707 | Diameter (maximum width) of a convex polygon Width (minimum width) of a convex polygon Maximum distance between two convex polygons Minimum distance between two convex polygons Widest empty (or separating) strip between two convex polygons (a simplified low-dimensional variant of a problem arising in support vector mac... | Rotating calipers | 0.829882 |
3,708 | Onion triangulations Spiral triangulations Quadrangulation Nice triangulation Art gallery problem Wedge placement optimization problem | Rotating calipers | 0.829882 |
3,709 | Non parametric decision rules for machine learned classification Aperture angle optimizations for visibility problems in computer vision Finding longest cells in millions of biological cells Comparing precision of two people at firing range Classify sections of brain from scan images | Rotating calipers | 0.829882 |
3,710 | In general, one would need all the moments to specify the probability density, f ( E ; β ) {\displaystyle f(E;\beta )} , which is referred to as the canonical, or posterior, density in contrast to the prior density Ω {\displaystyle \Omega } , which is referred to as the 'structure' function. This is the central limit t... | Thermal fluctuation | 0.829879 |
3,711 | Thermal fluctuations are a source of noise in many systems. The random forces that give rise to thermal fluctuations are a source of both diffusion and dissipation (including damping and viscosity). The competing effects of random drift and resistance to drift are related by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Thermal... | Thermal fluctuation | 0.829879 |
3,712 | The inventor and mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse made major contributions to the beginnings of calculus. Pliny the Elder was a Roman writer and polymath, who wrote the seminal encyclopedia Natural History.Positional notation for representing numbers likely emerged between the 3rd and 5th centuries CE along Indian ... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,713 | Socrates criticized the older type of study of physics as too purely speculative and lacking in self-criticism.Aristotle in the 4th century BCE created a systematic program of teleological philosophy. In the 3rd century BCE, Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first to propose a heliocentric model of the univ... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,714 | Galileo had made significant contributions to astronomy, physics and engineering. However, he became persecuted after Pope Urban VIII sentenced him for writing about the heliocentric model.The printing press was widely used to publish scholarly arguments, including some that disagreed widely with contemporary ideas of ... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,715 | This was based on a theorem that the orbital periods of the planets are longer as their orbs are farther from the center of motion, which he found not to agree with Ptolemy's model.Johannes Kepler and others challenged the notion that the only function of the eye is perception, and shifted the main focus in optics from... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,716 | Substantial international collaborations were also made, despite armed conflicts.In the late 20th century, active recruitment of women and elimination of sex discrimination greatly increased the number of women scientists, but large gender disparities remained in some fields. The discovery of the cosmic microwave backg... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,717 | Enlightenment philosophers chose a short history of scientific predecessors – Galileo, Boyle, and Newton principally – as the guides to every physical and social field of the day.The 18th century saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine and physics; the development of biological taxonomy by Carl Linnaeu... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,718 | At the start of the Age of Enlightenment, Isaac Newton formed the foundation of classical mechanics by his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, greatly influencing future physicists. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz incorporated terms from Aristotelian physics, now used in a new non-teleological way. This implied a sh... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,719 | Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped the Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes, while further advancements, including the introduction of the Hindu–Arabi... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,720 | Science is a rigorous, systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about everything. Modern science is typically divided into three major branches: natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study the physical world; the social scienc... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,721 | : 12–15 Although the words and concepts of "science" and "nature" were not part of the conceptual landscape at the time, the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians made contributions that would later find a place in Greek and medieval science: mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. : 12 From the 3rd millennium BCE, the anc... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,722 | Science awards are usually given to individuals or organizations that have made significant contributions to a discipline. They are often given by prestigious institutions, thus it is considered a great honor for a scientist receiving them. Since the early Renaissance, scientists are often awarded medals, money, and ti... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,723 | Natural science is the study of the physical world. It can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. These two branches may be further divided into more specialized disciplines. For example, physical science can be subdivided into physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth science. | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,724 | Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and the development of quantum mechanics complement classical mechanics to describe physics in extreme length, time and gravity. Widespread use of integrated circuits in the last quarter of the 20th century combined with communications satellites led to a revolution in information... | Scientific knowledge | 0.829871 |
3,725 | A physics processing unit (PPU) is a dedicated microprocessor designed to handle the calculations of physics, especially in the physics engine of video games. It is an example of hardware acceleration. Examples of calculations involving a PPU might include rigid body dynamics, soft body dynamics, collision detection, f... | Physics Processing Unit | 0.829853 |
3,726 | The Havok SDK is a major competitor to the PhysX SDK, used in more than 150 games, including major titles like Half-Life 2, Halo 3 and Dead Rising.To compete with the PhysX PPU, an edition known as Havok FX was to take advantage of multi-GPU technology from ATI (AMD CrossFire) and NVIDIA (SLI) using existing cards to a... | Physics Processing Unit | 0.829853 |
3,727 | Crayon Physics, the original prototype of this game, is Purho's tenth "rapid-prototype project" inspired by the rules of the Experimental Gameplay Project, and was developed in five days using resources freely available under a Creative Commons license. The game was first released for Windows. On June 10, 2007, Purho a... | Crayon Physics | 0.829847 |
3,728 | Crayon Physics Deluxe is a puzzle video game designed by Petri Purho and released on January 7, 2009. An early version, titled Crayon Physics, was released for Windows in June 2007. Deluxe won the grand prize at the Independent Games Festival in 2008. It features a heavy emphasis on two-dimensional physics simulations,... | Crayon Physics | 0.829847 |
3,729 | Published by Hudson Soft, Crayon Physics Deluxe was released for the iOS on January 1, 2009 and in Spring 2010 for the iPhone via Apple's App Store. A version for the PC was released six days later. An unofficial clone was made for the DS, but only in free play mode and under the title of Pocket Physics. A port for Win... | Crayon Physics | 0.829847 |
3,730 | The objective of each level in Crayon Physics Deluxe is to guide a ball from a predetermined start point so that it touches all of the stars placed on the level. The ball and nearly all objects on the screen are affected by gravity. The player cannot control the ball directly, but rather must influence the ball's movem... | Crayon Physics | 0.829847 |
3,731 | It can still be downloaded unofficially. Ports for Mac and Linux were announced as available on July 27, 2011. Crayon Physics is pre-loaded on some Android devices including the Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1. | Crayon Physics | 0.829847 |
3,732 | On October 12, 2007, Purho announced Crayon Physics Deluxe, which would feature an intuitive level editor, more levels, and a modification to the game engine to preserve the player's drawings instead of turning them into rectangles. The follow-up took a year and eight months to develop. It won the Seumas McNally Grand ... | Crayon Physics | 0.829847 |
3,733 | Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods, which is based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. The adjective "deep" in deep learning refers to the use of multiple layers in the network. Methods used can be either supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised.Deep-learnin... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,734 | Other researchers have argued that unsupervised forms of deep learning, such as those based on hierarchical generative models and deep belief networks, may be closer to biological reality. In this respect, generative neural network models have been related to neurobiological evidence about sampling-based processing in ... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,735 | This process yields a self-organizing stack of transducers, well-tuned to their operating environment. A 1995 description stated, "...the infant's brain seems to organize itself under the influence of waves of so-called trophic-factors ... different regions of the brain become connected sequentially, with one layer of ... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,736 | Deep learning is closely related to a class of theories of brain development (specifically, neocortical development) proposed by cognitive neuroscientists in the early 1990s. These developmental theories were instantiated in computational models, making them predecessors of deep learning systems. These developmental mo... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,737 | Deep learning has been shown to produce competitive results in medical application such as cancer cell classification, lesion detection, organ segmentation and image enhancement. Modern deep learning tools demonstrate the high accuracy of detecting various diseases and the helpfulness of their use by specialists to imp... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,738 | Closely related to the progress that has been made in image recognition is the increasing application of deep learning techniques to various visual art tasks. DNNs have proven themselves capable, for example, of identifying the style period of a given painting Neural Style Transfer – capturing the style of a given artw... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,739 | Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or connectionist systems are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. Such systems learn (progressively improve their ability) to do tasks by considering examples, generally without task-specific programming. For example, in image reco... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,740 | Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), in which data can flow in any direction, are used for applications such as language modeling. Long short-term memory is particularly effective for this use.Convolutional deep neural networks (CNNs) are used in computer vision. CNNs also have been applied to acoustic modeling for automa... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,741 | A deep neural network (DNN) is an artificial neural network (ANN) with multiple layers between the input and output layers. There are different types of neural networks but they always consist of the same components: neurons, synapses, weights, biases, and functions. These components as a whole function similarly to a ... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,742 | Cerebras Systems has also built a dedicated system to handle large deep learning models, the CS-2, based on the largest processor in the industry, the second-generation Wafer Scale Engine (WSE-2).Atomically thin semiconductors are considered promising for energy-efficient deep learning hardware where the same basic dev... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,743 | Deep learning algorithms can be applied to unsupervised learning tasks. This is an important benefit because unlabeled data are more abundant than the labeled data. Examples of deep structures that can be trained in an unsupervised manner are deep belief networks. | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,744 | Deep models (CAP > 2) are able to extract better features than shallow models and hence, extra layers help in learning the features effectively. Deep learning architectures can be constructed with a greedy layer-by-layer method. Deep learning helps to disentangle these abstractions and pick out which features improve p... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,745 | No universally agreed-upon threshold of depth divides shallow learning from deep learning, but most researchers agree that deep learning involves CAP depth higher than 2. CAP of depth 2 has been shown to be a universal approximator in the sense that it can emulate any function. Beyond that, more layers do not add to th... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,746 | CAPs describe potentially causal connections between input and output. For a feedforward neural network, the depth of the CAPs is that of the network and is the number of hidden layers plus one (as the output layer is also parameterized). For recurrent neural networks, in which a signal may propagate through a layer mo... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,747 | This does not eliminate the need for hand-tuning; for example, varying numbers of layers and layer sizes can provide different degrees of abstraction.The word "deep" in "deep learning" refers to the number of layers through which the data is transformed. More precisely, deep learning systems have a substantial credit a... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,748 | Most modern deep learning models are based on multi-layered artificial neural networks such as convolutional neural networks and transformers, although they can also include propositional formulas or latent variables organized layer-wise in deep generative models such as the nodes in deep belief networks and deep Boltz... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,749 | Finding the appropriate mobile audience for mobile advertising is always challenging, since many data points must be considered and analyzed before a target segment can be created and used in ad serving by any ad server. Deep learning has been used to interpret large, many-dimensioned advertising datasets. Many data po... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,750 | The original goal of the neural network approach was to solve problems in the same way that a human brain would. Over time, attention focused on matching specific mental abilities, leading to deviations from biology such as backpropagation, or passing information in the reverse direction and adjusting the network to re... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,751 | Since the 2010s, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units and a very large output layer. By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had d... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,752 | In September 2012, DanNet also won the ICPR contest on analysis of large medical images for cancer detection, and in the following year also the MICCAI Grand Challenge on the same topic. In October 2012, the similar AlexNet by Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey Hinton won the large-scale ImageNet competition... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,753 | In 2011, the DanNet by Dan Ciresan, Ueli Meier, Jonathan Masci, Luca Maria Gambardella, and Jürgen Schmidhuber achieved for the first time superhuman performance in a visual pattern recognition contest, outperforming traditional methods by a factor of 3. Also in 2011, DanNet won the ICDAR Chinese handwriting contest, a... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,754 | In the late 2000s, deep learning started to outperform other methods in machine learning competitions. In 2009, a long short-term memory trained by connectionist temporal classification (Alex Graves, Santiago Fernández, Faustino Gomez, and Jürgen Schmidhuber, 2006) was the first RNN to win pattern recognition contests,... | Deep neural network | 0.829845 |
3,755 | The Chinese remainder theorem describes an important class of linear Diophantine systems of equations: let n 1 , … , n k {\displaystyle n_{1},\dots ,n_{k}} be k pairwise coprime integers greater than one, a 1 , … , a k {\displaystyle a_{1},\dots ,a_{k}} be k arbitrary integers, and N be the product n 1 ⋯ n k . {\displa... | Diophantine equations | 0.829816 |
3,756 | In fact, a Diophantine equation can be viewed as the equation of an hypersurface, and the solutions of the equation are the points of the hypersurface that have integer coordinates. This approach led eventually to the proof by Andrew Wiles in 1994 of Fermat's Last Theorem, stated without proof around 1637. This is anot... | Diophantine equations | 0.829815 |
3,757 | The difficulty of solving Diophantine equations is illustrated by Hilbert's tenth problem, which was set in 1900 by David Hilbert; it was to find an algorithm to determine whether a given polynomial Diophantine equation with integer coefficients has an integer solution. Matiyasevich's theorem implies that such an algor... | Diophantine equations | 0.829815 |
3,758 | This is a list of polynomial topics, by Wikipedia page. See also trigonometric polynomial, list of algebraic geometry topics. | List of polynomial topics | 0.829809 |
3,759 | Abel polynomials Actuarial polynomials Additive polynomials All one polynomials Appell sequence Askey–Wilson polynomials Bell polynomials Bernoulli polynomials Bernstein polynomial Bessel polynomials Binomial type Caloric polynomial Charlier polynomials Chebyshev polynomials Chihara–Ismail polynomials Cyclotomic polyno... | List of polynomial topics | 0.829809 |
3,760 | Polynomial family Quadratic function Cubic function Quartic function Quintic function Sextic function Septic function Octic function Completing the square Abel–Ruffini theorem Bring radical Binomial theorem Blossom (functional) Root of a function nth root (radical) Surd Square root Methods of computing square roots Cub... | List of polynomial topics | 0.829809 |
3,761 | Polynomial Coefficient Monomial Polynomial long division Synthetic division Polynomial factorization Rational function Partial fraction Partial fraction decomposition over R Vieta's formulas Integer-valued polynomial Algebraic equation Factor theorem Polynomial remainder theorem | List of polynomial topics | 0.829809 |
3,762 | In physics, in the context of electromagnetism, Birkhoff's theorem concerns spherically symmetric static solutions of Maxwell's field equations of electromagnetism. The theorem is due to George D. Birkhoff. It states that any spherically symmetric solution of the source-free Maxwell equations is necessarily static. Pap... | Birkhoff's theorem (electromagnetism) | 0.829792 |
3,763 | A large number of algorithms for classification can be phrased in terms of a linear function that assigns a score to each possible category k by combining the feature vector of an instance with a vector of weights, using a dot product. The predicted category is the one with the highest score. This type of score functio... | Classification in machine learning | 0.829789 |
3,764 | Since no single form of classification is appropriate for all data sets, a large toolkit of classification algorithms has been developed. The most commonly used include: Artificial neural networks – Computational model used in machine learning, based on connected, hierarchical functionsPages displaying short descriptio... | Classification in machine learning | 0.829789 |
3,765 | A phasor is represented by a constant complex number, usually expressed in exponential form, representing the complex amplitude (magnitude and phase) of a sinusoidal function of time. Phasors are used by electrical engineers to simplify computations involving sinusoids (such as in AC circuits: 53 ), where they can ofte... | Electrical impedance | 0.829784 |
3,766 | For what are the greatest truths are the greatest beings, as is said in the Metaphysics Bk. II. 2. What moreover is the greatest in its way, in another way is the cause of all things of its own kind (or genus); thus fire, which is the greatest heat, is the cause of all heat, as is said in the same book (cf. Plato and A... | Argument from degree | 0.829757 |
3,767 | The argument from degrees, also known as the degrees of perfection argument or the henological argument is an argument for the existence of God first proposed by mediaeval Roman Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas as one of the five ways to philosophically argue in favour of God's existence in his Summa Theologica. It i... | Argument from degree | 0.829757 |
3,768 | In general, the theoretical issues underlying concept learning for machine learning are those underlying induction. These issues are addressed in many diverse publications, including literature on subjects like Version Spaces, Statistical Learning Theory, PAC Learning, Information Theory, and Algorithmic Information Th... | Concept learning | 0.829754 |
3,769 | One model that incorporates the Bayesian theory of concept learning is the ACT-R model, developed by John R. Anderson. The ACT-R model is a programming language that defines the basic cognitive and perceptual operations that enable the human mind by producing a step-by-step simulation of human behavior. This theory exp... | Concept learning | 0.829754 |
3,770 | Meanwhile, the likelihood of 'horses' meaning 'all animals' when the three animals shown are all very similar is low. The hypothesis that the word "horse" refers to all animals of this species is most likely of the three possible definitions, as it has both a reasonable prior probability and likelihood given examples. ... | Concept learning | 0.829754 |
3,771 | In Machine Learning, this theory can be applied in training computer programs. Concept Learning: Inferring a Boolean-valued function from training examples of its input and output. A concept is an idea of something formed by combining all its features or attributes which construct the given concept. Every concept has t... | Concept learning | 0.829753 |
3,772 | Reinforcement learning as described by Watson and elaborated by Clark Hull created a lasting paradigm in behavioral psychology. Cognitive psychology emphasized a computer and information flow metaphor for concept formation. Neural network models of concept formation and the structure of knowledge have opened powerful h... | Concept learning | 0.829753 |
3,773 | While protein detection with antibodies is still very common in molecular biology, other methods have been developed as well, that do not rely on an antibody. These methods offer various advantages, for instance they often are able to determine the sequence of a protein or peptide, they may have higher throughput than ... | Expression proteomics | 0.829752 |
3,774 | Using bioinformatics techniques, researchers are capable of faster analysis and data storage. A good place to find lists of current programs and databases is on the ExPASy bioinformatics resource portal. The applications of bioinformatics-based proteomics include medicine, disease diagnosis, biomarker identification, a... | Expression proteomics | 0.829752 |
3,775 | Single bonds are represented by (fairly) rigid grey rods. Double and triple bonds use two longer flexible bonds which restrict rotation and support conventional cis/trans stereochemistry. However, most molecules require holes at other angles and specialist companies manufacture kits and bespoke models. | Molecular model | 0.829741 |
3,776 | A given atom would have solid and hollow valence spikes. The solid rods clicked into the tubes forming a bond, usually with free rotation. These were and are very widely used in organic chemistry departments and were made so accurately that interatomic measurements could be made by ruler. | Molecular model | 0.829741 |
3,777 | A molecular model is a physical model of an atomistic system that represents molecules and their processes. They play an important role in understanding chemistry and generating and testing hypotheses. The creation of mathematical models of molecular properties and behavior is referred to as molecular modeling, and the... | Molecular model | 0.829741 |
3,778 | Note how the size of the carbon appears smaller than the hydrogen. The importance of stereochemistry was not then recognised and the model is essentially topological (it should be a 3-dimensional tetrahedron). Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff and Joseph Le Bel introduced the concept of chemistry in three dimensions of spac... | Molecular model | 0.829741 |
3,779 | In mathematics, specifically in differential equations, an equilibrium point is a constant solution to a differential equation. | Equilibrium points | 0.829728 |
3,780 | Number theory numbers, operations Combinatorics permutations, derangements, combinations Set theory sets, set partitions functions, and relations Geometry points, lines, line segments, polygons (triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, ...), circles, ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, polyhedra (tetrahedrons, cubes, octa... | Mathematical object | 0.829715 |
3,781 | Such effectors are typically proteins and are often linked to second messengers, which can activate secondary effectors, and so on. Depending on the efficiency of the nodes, a signal can be amplified (a concept known as signal gain), so that one signaling molecule can generate a response involving hundreds to millions ... | Intracellular signaling pathway | 0.829712 |
3,782 | The ionic current is usually represented by an ionic model through a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Mathematically, one can write I ion = I ion ( v , w ) {\displaystyle I_{\text{ion}}=I_{\text{ion}}(v,\mathbf {w} )} where w {\displaystyle \mathbf {w} } is called ionic variable. Then, in general, for ... | Bidomain model | 0.829703 |
3,783 | The bidomain model is defined through two partial differential equations (PDE) the first of which is a reaction diffusion equation in terms of the transmembrane potential, while the second one computes the extracellular potential starting from a given transmembran potential distribution.Thus, the bidomain model can be ... | Bidomain model | 0.829703 |
3,784 | Vast amounts of bioinformatical data are currently available and continue to increase. For instance, the GenBank database, funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), currently holds 82 billion nucleotides in 78 million sequences coding for 270,000 species. The equivalent of GenBank for gene expression microarray... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,785 | This went hand in hand with a focus on developing curriculum for graduate level programs and capitalization for funding on the growing public acknowledgement of the potential opportunity in TBI.When the first draft of the human genome was completed in the early 2000s, TBI continued to grow and demonstrate prominence as... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,786 | Translational bioinformatics is a relatively young field within translational research. Google trends indicate the use of "bioinformatics" has decreased since the mid-1990s when it was suggested as a transformative approach to biomedical research. It was coined, however, close to ten years earlier. TBI was then present... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,787 | Translational bioinformatics (TBI) is a field that emerged in the 2010s to study health informatics, focused on the convergence of molecular bioinformatics, biostatistics, statistical genetics and clinical informatics. Its focus is on applying informatics methodology to the increasing amount of biomedical and genomic d... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,788 | Data integration involves developing methods that use biological information for the clinical setting. Integrating data empowers clinician's with tools for data access, knowledge discovery, and decision support. Data integration serves to utilize the wealth of information available in bioinformatics to improve patient ... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,789 | Below is a list of existing associations, conferences and journals that are specific to TBI. By no means is this an all-inclusive list, and should be developed as others are discovered. AssociationsAmerican Medical Informatics Association: http://www.amia.org/Conferences *websites change yearlyAMIA Annual Symposium AM... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,790 | Analytic techniques serve to translate biological data using high-throughput techniques into clinically relevant information. Currently, numerous software and methodologies for querying data exist, and this number continues to grow as more studies are conducted and published in bioinformatics journals such as Genome Bi... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,791 | The availability of a large number of human genomes will allow for statistical mining of their relation to lifestyles, drug interactions, and other factors. Translational bioinformatics is therefore transforming the search for disease genes and is becoming a crucial component of other areas of medical research includin... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,792 | At present, TBI research spans multiple disciplines; however, the application of TBI in clinical settings remains limited. Currently, it is partially deployed in drug development, regulatory review, and clinical medicine. The opportunity for application of TBI is much broader as increasingly medical journals are mentio... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,793 | A non-exhaustive list of training and certification programs specific to TBI are listed below. Masters In Translational Bioinformatics University of Southern California, Oregon Clinical and Translational Institute Bioinformatics and Translational-Clinical Research Program Boston University School of Medicine, Universit... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,794 | The demand for translational bioinformatics research is in part due to the growth in numerous areas of bioinformatics and health informatics and in part due to the popular support of projects like the Human Genome Project. This growth and influx of funding has enabled the industry to produce assets such as a repository... | Translational bioinformatics | 0.829699 |
3,795 | Since ZPP = RP ∩ coRP, ZPP is obviously contained in both RP and coRP. The class P is contained in ZPP, and some computer scientists have conjectured that P = ZPP, i.e., every Las Vegas algorithm has a deterministic polynomial-time equivalent. There exists an oracle relative to which ZPP = EXPTIME. A proof for ZPP = EX... | Zero-error Probabilistic Polynomial time | 0.829676 |
3,796 | Harmonic coordinates in higher dimensions were developed initially in the context of Lorentzian geometry and general relativity by Albert Einstein and Cornelius Lanczos (see harmonic coordinate condition). Following the work of Dennis DeTurck and Jerry Kazdan in 1981, they began to play a significant role in the geomet... | Harmonic coordinates | 0.829675 |
3,797 | Harmonic coordinates always exist (locally), a result which follows easily from standard results on the existence and regularity of solutions of elliptic partial differential equations. In particular, the equation ∆guj = 0 has a solution in some open set around any given point p, such that u(p) and dup are both prescri... | Harmonic coordinates | 0.829675 |
3,798 | A foundational result, due to Michael Anderson, is that given a smooth Riemannian manifold, any positive number α between 0 and 1 and any positive number Q, there is a number r which depends on α, on Q, on upper and lower bounds of the Ricci curvature, on the dimension, and on a positive lower bound for the injectivity... | Harmonic coordinates | 0.829675 |
3,799 | So both definitions of harmonic coordinates, as given above, have the qualitative character of having to do with second-order partial differential equations for the coordinate functions. Using the definition of the Christoffel symbols, the above formula is equivalent to 2 ∑ i = 1 n ∑ j = 1 n g i j ∂ g j k ∂ x i = ∑ i =... | Harmonic coordinates | 0.829675 |
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