question stringlengths 14 399 | support stringlengths 0 3.56k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
values | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
During adolescence, what causes most of the changes associated with puberty? | During adolescence, testosterone causes most of the changes associated with puberty. It causes the reproductive organs to mature. It also causes other adult male traits to develop. For example, it causes the voice to deepen and facial hair to start growing. | [
"estrogen",
"nicotine",
"methane",
"testosterone"
] | D | SCiQ |
What is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms? | An online guide from the University of Illinois about air masses and fronts is found here: http://ww2010. atmos. uiuc. edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/af/home. rxml . | [
"carbon",
"water",
"oxygen",
"nitrogen"
] | C | SCiQ |
Breeding in birds occurs through an internal type of what process? | Breeding in birds is through internal fertilization, where the egg is fertilized inside the female. | [
"sedimentation",
"fertilization",
"stimulation",
"segmentation"
] | B | SCiQ |
In an endothermic reaction, what is absorbed by the reaction? | Because energy is a product, energy is given off by the reaction. Therefore, this reaction is exothermic. Because energy is a reactant, energy is absorbed by the reaction. Therefore, this reaction is endothermic. | [
"atoms",
"food",
"fuel",
"energy"
] | D | SCiQ |
What scientist and monk is best known for his experiments with pea plants? | Gregor Mendel was born in 1822 and grew up on his parents’ farm in Austria. He did well in school and became a monk. He also went to the University of Vienna, where he studied science and math. His professors encouraged him to learn science through experimentation and to use math to make sense of his results. Mendel is... | [
"aristotle",
"steiner mendel",
"gregor mendel",
"charles darwin"
] | C | SCiQ |
What are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands called? | Breakwaters are structures that protect the coast like barrier islands. Groins are structures that help prevent longshore drift from eroding a beach. | [
"domes",
"fortresses",
"breakwaters",
"dunes"
] | C | SCiQ |
What leads to multiple copies of a chromosomal region? | Duplications (or amplifications ) lead to multiple copies of a chromosomal region, increasing the number of the genes located within that region. Some genes may be duplicated in their entirety. | [
"subtractions",
"minimilizations",
"gene modification",
"duplications (or amplifications )"
] | D | SCiQ |
The larger surface area of leaves allows them to capture more what? | Roots: Support for the Plant Roots are not well preserved in the fossil record; nevertheless, it seems that they did appear later in evolution than vascular tissue. The development of an extensive network of roots represented a significant new feature of vascular plants. Thin rhizoids attached the bryophytes to the sub... | [
"molecules",
"sunlight",
"chlorophyll",
"pollen"
] | B | SCiQ |
What is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte? | Following fertilization, the sporophyte forms. The sporophyte is connected to, and dependent on, the gametophyte. | [
"the sperm",
"the sporophyte",
"the chromosomes",
"the zygote"
] | B | SCiQ |
After passing through capillaries and being filtered, clean blood leaves what organ through a vein? | Blood with wastes enters each kidney through an artery, which branches into many capillaries. After passing through capillaries and being filtered, the clean blood leaves the kidney through a vein. | [
"liver",
"pancreas",
"kidney",
"heart"
] | C | SCiQ |
What kind of medical intervention seeks to eradicate diseases like polio and measles? | [
"malnutrition",
"vaccination",
"nutrition",
"surgical intervention"
] | B | SCiQ | |
The ostrich, kiwi, rhea, cassowary, and moa are examples of what kind of birds? | Some birds have lost the ability to fly during the course of their evolution. Several flightless birds are shown in Figure below . They include the ostrich, kiwi, rhea, cassowary, and moa. All of these birds have long legs and are adapted for running. The penguins shown in the figure are also flightless birds, but they... | [
"prehistoric",
"flightless",
"predators",
"raptors"
] | B | SCiQ |
What occurs when individuals of different species strive for a limited resource in the same area? | Interspecific competition happens when individuals of different species strive for a limited resource in the same area. Since any two species have different traits, one species will be able to out-compete the other. One species will be better adapted to its environment, and essentially "win" the competition. The other ... | [
"vegetal competition",
"asexual competition",
"interspecific competition",
"intraspecific competition"
] | C | SCiQ |
Most fungi reproduce asexually by producing what? | Almost all fungi reproduce asexually by producing spores. A fungi spore is a haploid cell produced by mitosis from a haploid parent cell. It is genetically identical to the parent cell. Fungi spores can develop into new haploid individuals without being fertilized. | [
"spores",
"ions",
"toxins",
"seeds"
] | A | SCiQ |
Alchemists, as early as the eighth century, knew nitric acid as aqua fortis, which means? | Nitrogen Oxyacids and Salts Nitrogen pentaoxide, N2O5, and NO2 react with water to form nitric acid, HNO3. Alchemists, as early as the eighth century, knew nitric acid (shown in Figure 18.50) as aqua fortis (meaning "strong water"). The acid was useful in the separation of gold from silver because it dissolves silver b... | [
"isolated water",
"clean water",
"applied water",
"strong water"
] | D | SCiQ |
Particles of sand and what other substance are carried by longshore drift? | Longshore drift carries particles of sand and rock down a coastline. | [
"rock",
"bone",
"magma",
"soil"
] | A | SCiQ |
Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have what type of fertilization? | Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. | [
"mechanical",
"external",
"additional",
"internal"
] | D | SCiQ |
What is type of substance is formed when water vapor condenses or when ice melts? | Liquid water is formed when water vapor condenses (i. e. , H 2 O(g) → H 2 O(l) or when ice melts (i. e. , H 2 O(s) → H 2 O(l)). Because water is a molecular substance, it is a poor conductor of electricity in its pure form. However, as we will see later, its conductivity can be improved by the addition of certain subst... | [
"gaseous water",
"chemical water",
"liquid water",
"toxic water"
] | C | SCiQ |
What occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet? | Intraplate earthquakes occur because solid lithosphere travels on a round planet. | [
"intraplate earthquakes",
"ejecta earthquakes",
"volcanos",
"aeration earthquakes"
] | A | SCiQ |
What is the unit of evolution? | Remember that individuals do not evolve. Their genes do not change over time. The unit of evolution is the population. A population consists of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. In terms of evolution, the population is assumed to be a relatively closed group. This means that most mating takes pl... | [
"population",
"species",
"biome",
"community"
] | A | SCiQ |
The boiling points of liquid also correlate to the strength of which forces? | The boiling points of liquid also correlate to the strength of the intermolecular forces. Recall that diethyl ether has weak dispersion forces, which meant that the liquid has a high vapor pressure. The weak forces also mean that it does not require a large an input of energy to make diethyl ether boil and so it has a ... | [
"gravitational",
"centrifugal",
"supramolecular",
"intermolecular"
] | D | SCiQ |
Vitamin d is made in the skin when it is exposed to what? | Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to function properly. Humans need 16 different vitamins. Six of them are listed in Table below . Vitamin D is made in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. Bacteria that normally live in the gut make vitamins B12 and K. All other vitamins must come ... | [
"darkness",
"water",
"dirt",
"sunlight"
] | D | SCiQ |
Of the three basic types of radioactive emissions, what particle is the most penetrating? | The various emissions will differ considerably in their ability to go through matter, known as their penetrating ability . The α-particle has the least penetrating power since it is the largest and slowest emission. It can be blocked by a sheet of paper or a human hand. Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha pa... | [
"neutron",
"beta",
"gamma",
"alpha"
] | C | SCiQ |
Which ocean zone is the narrow strip along a coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide? | One of the most familiar ocean zones is the intertidal zone. This is the narrow strip along a coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide. You can see an example of an intertidal zone in Figure below . There are plenty of nutrients and sunlight in the intertidal zone. Producers here i... | [
"deep zone",
"intertidal zone",
"miniscule zone",
"calcareous zone"
] | B | SCiQ |
Elongation is the addition of what to the mrna strand? | Elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strand. | [
"filaments",
"glycine",
"codons",
"nucleotides"
] | D | SCiQ |
What is the distance north or south of the equator called? | Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator. It’s measured in degrees, from 0° to 90°. Several climate factors vary with latitude. | [
"inclination",
"latitude",
"longitude",
"Prime Meridian"
] | B | SCiQ |
The force exerted by a diving board is conservative, provided the internal friction is this? | 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy 9. What is a conservative force? 10. The force exerted by a diving board is conservative, provided the internal friction is negligible. Assuming friction is negligible, describe changes in the potential energy of a diving board as a swimmer dives from it, starting just befor... | [
"static",
"negligible",
"significant",
"intrinsic"
] | B | SCiQ |
Along with other elements, most ores are made of what? | When the ore leaves the mine, it is not yet a useful material ( Figure below ). Most ores are a combination of metal and other elements. The rocks are full of valuable minerals. They also contain rock that isn't valuable, which is called waste rock. The valuable minerals must be separated from the waste rock. | [
"crystals",
"sodium",
"coal",
"metal"
] | D | SCiQ |
The bottoms—but not the tops—of the wave slow down because of what? | In shallow water close to shore, waves start to drag on the bottom of the water. The bottoms—but not the tops—of the wave slow down because of friction. This causes the waves to steepen until they break and fall over, carrying water onto the shore as surf. | [
"friction",
"temperature",
"vibration",
"size"
] | A | SCiQ |
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a what? | Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. The molecular geometry, or shape, of a molecule is an important factor that affects the physical and chemical properties of a compound. Those properties include melting and boiling points, solubility, density, and the types of chemical reac... | [
"genes",
"nucleus",
"molecule",
"DNA"
] | C | SCiQ |
What mineral is used to produce glass? | Silver is used to make sterling silver jewelry. Table salt is the mineral halite. Glass is produced from the mineral quartz. | [
"lead",
"quartz",
"pyrite",
"feldspar"
] | B | SCiQ |
What is caused by atoms or ions when they share or transfer valance electrons? | No, not all birds can fly. And not all birds have wings. This penguin is a good example. Their wings have evolved into flippers, adapted for swimming instead of flying. The kiwi of New Zealand is another bird without wings. | [
"loss of charge",
"force of repulsion",
"force of attraction",
"gain of charge"
] | C | SCiQ |
Due to the time it takes for light to reach us, galaxies at the edge of the universe are distant in terms of space and what else? | The galaxies at the edge of the Universe are a great distance away. But they are something else that is distant. Because it takes so long for light from so far away to reach us, they are also very far back in time ( Figure below ). | [
"gravity",
"energy",
"temperature",
"time"
] | D | SCiQ |
Some membrane proteins that actively transport ions contribute to what? | [
"membrane potential",
"organism potential",
"cellular potential",
"protein potential"
] | A | SCiQ | |
In which human organ do the juveniles develop into sexually mature adults? | [
"tissues",
"liver",
"intestines",
"muscles"
] | C | SCiQ | |
Both sexes of sockeye salmon turn red with green heads just prior to what? | Wild male and female Sockeye salmon before spawning. Sockeye salmon are blue tinged with silver in color while living in the ocean. Just prior to spawning, both sexes turn red with green heads. Sockeye spawn mostly in streams having lakes in their watershed. The young fish spend up to three years in the freshwater lake... | [
"spawning",
"dying",
"migrating",
"feeding"
] | A | SCiQ |
While the numerical aperture can be used to compare resolutions of various objectives, it does not indicate how far the lens could be from the what? | While the numerical aperture can be used to compare resolutions of various objectives, it does not indicate how far the lens could be from the specimen. This is specified by the “working distance,” which is the distance (in mm usually) from the front lens element of the objective to the specimen, or cover glass. The hi... | [
"specimen",
"diameter",
"microscope",
"focal point"
] | A | SCiQ |
Energy from the sun has a wide range of wavelengths.what is the total range of energy called? | Energy from the Sun has a wide range of wavelengths. The total range of energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum . You can see it in Figure below . | [
"thermal spectrum",
"light spectrum",
"heat spectrum",
"electromagnetic spectrum"
] | D | SCiQ |
When something loses electrons, it must also? | Solution The charges, as well as the atoms, must balance in reactions. The silver atom is being oxidized from the 0 oxidation state to the 1+ state. Whenever something loses electrons, something must also gain electrons (be reduced) to balance the equation. Oxygen is a good oxidizing agent for these reactions because i... | [
"reduce protons",
"gain protons",
"slow down",
"gain electrons"
] | D | SCiQ |
Water and chemical elements that organisms need keep recycling through biogeochemical what? | Water and chemical elements that organisms need keep recycling through biogeochemical cycles. These cycles include biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. | [
"effects",
"cycles",
"mutations",
"levels"
] | B | SCiQ |
What is the most abundant biochemical compound, making up the cell walls of plants? | Cellulose is the most abundant biochemical compound. It makes up the cell walls of plants and gives support to trunks and stems. Cellulose also provides needed fiber in the human diet. We can’t digest cellulose, but it helps keep food wastes moving through the digestive tract. | [
"mitochondria",
"cellulose",
"cytoplasm",
"magnesium"
] | B | SCiQ |
What organisms use cilia, pseudopods, or flagella to move? | Protists use cilia, pseudopods, or flagella to move. | [
"protists",
"arthropods",
"prokaryotes",
"bacteria"
] | A | SCiQ |
During which phase do sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide? | During anaphase , sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide. The sister chromatids are pulled apart by the shortening of the spindle fibers. This is like reeling in a fish by shortening the fishing line. One sister chromatid moves to one pole of the cell, and the other sister chromatid moves to the opposite... | [
"cell phase",
"passivation",
"gap cycle",
"anaphase"
] | D | SCiQ |
What term describes a type of redox reaction in which the same substance is both oxidized and reduced? | Disproportion is a type of redox reaction in which the same substance is both oxidized and reduced. Identify the element that is disproportionating and indicate the initial and final oxidation numbers of that element. 2CuCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + Cu(s) Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. | [
"disproportion",
"interposition",
"disapprobation",
"misappropriation"
] | A | SCiQ |
Each organism inherits one of what item for each gene from each parent? | [
"allele",
"molecule",
"phenotype",
"cell"
] | A | SCiQ | |
What term is used to refer to the external female reproductive structures collectively? | External Female Genitals The external female reproductive structures are referred to collectively as the vulva (Figure 27.10). The mons pubis is a pad of fat that is located at the anterior, over the pubic bone. After puberty, it becomes covered in pubic hair. The labia majora (labia = “lips”; majora = “larger”) are fo... | [
"vagina",
"vulva",
"cervix",
"uterus"
] | B | SCiQ |
Which state of matter has the lowest density? | Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids. For example, liquid water is over 1000 times more dense than water vapor at STP. | [
"liquids",
"fluids",
"solids",
"gases"
] | D | SCiQ |
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth are the three types of what cells and possess morphologies correlated with their functions? | 4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion The three types of muscle cells are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Their morphologies match their specific functions in the body. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and responds to conscious stimuli. The cells are striated and multinucleated appearing as long, unbranched cylinders. Cardiac muscle... | [
"muscle",
"organ",
"cartilage tissue",
"bone"
] | A | SCiQ |
What do glands in the skin produce to cool down the body? | glands in the skin that produce sweat, a salty fluid that helps cool down the body. | [
"sweat",
"mucus",
"saliva",
"lactic acid"
] | A | SCiQ |
The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is what type of organs? | The only obvious difference between boys and girls at birth is their reproductive organs. However, even the reproductive organs start out the same in both sexes. | [
"respiratory",
"digestive",
"reproductive",
"nervous"
] | C | SCiQ |
Mammals have a number of kinds of thermoreceptors, each specific for a particular what? | [
"weight range",
"oxygen range",
"temperature range",
"electrical range"
] | C | SCiQ | |
With a shape that specially suits its function of sending nerve signals to other cells, the human nerve cell is an example of what? | The human nerve cell in Figure below is a good example of a specialized animal cell. Its shape suits it for its function of sending nerve signals to other cells. A nerve cell couldn’t take this shape if it were surrounded by a rigid cell wall. | [
"adaptation",
"evolution",
"specialization",
"maturation"
] | C | SCiQ |
What is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance? | As you know, density is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance. Since gases all occupy the same volume on a per mole basis, the density of a particular gas is dependent on its molar mass. A gas with a small molar mass will have a lower density than a gas with a large molar mass. Gas densities are typically ... | [
"density",
"weight",
"diameter",
"height"
] | A | SCiQ |
What reaction means, literally, “splitting with water"? | Esters are neutral compounds, unlike the acids from which they are formed. In typical reactions, the alkoxy (OR′) group of an ester is replaced by another group. One such reaction is hydrolysis, literally “splitting with water. ” The hydrolysis of esters is catalyzed by either an acid or a base. Acidic hydrolysis is si... | [
"hydroxis",
"fission",
"hydrolysis",
"aqueous"
] | C | SCiQ |
Approximately how much larger is the radius of an atom than that of its nucleus? | The radius of an atom is approximately 10 times larger than the radius of its nucleus. If the radius of the nucleus were 1.0 cm, what would be the radius of the atom in centimeters? in miles?. | [
"1000 times",
"100 times",
"10 times",
"1 times"
] | C | SCiQ |
What can be worn to protect hands and skin from harm? | [
"gloves",
"filters",
"splints",
"masks"
] | A | SCiQ | |
What type of movements are produced when the angle between the bones of a joint changes? | The wide range of movement allowed by synovial joints produces different types of movements. Angular movements are produced when the angle between the bones of a joint changes. Flexion, or bending, occurs when the angle between the bones decreases. Moving the forearm upward at the elbow is an example of flexion. Extens... | [
"oblong",
"angular",
"microscopic",
"circular"
] | B | SCiQ |
What senses the movement of liquid in ear canals? | This bottle of water models the semicircular canals in your ears. When you tip the bottle, the water moves up or down the sides of the bottle; when you tip your head, the liquid inside the semicircular canals moves up and down the sides of the canals. Tiny hair cells lining the canals sense the movement of liquid and s... | [
"hair cells",
"muscle cells",
"Ear Drum",
"Brain Cells"
] | A | SCiQ |
What part of the brain regulates certain hormones associated with reproduction during breeding seasons? | [
"thalamus",
"hypothalamus",
"hippocampus",
"frontal lobe"
] | B | SCiQ | |
What is any nonmetallic, inorganic solid that is strong enough for use in structural applications called? | Ceramics A ceramic is any nonmetallic, inorganic solid that is strong enough for use in structural applications. Traditional ceramics, which are based on metal silicates or aluminosilicates, are the materials used to make pottery, china, bricks, and concrete. Modern ceramics contain a much wider range of components and... | [
"metallic",
"ceramic",
"glass",
"tissue"
] | B | SCiQ |
What is the outer layer of the sun made up of? | outermost layer of the sun, made up of a plasma that extends millions of kilometers into space. | [
"nitrogen",
"plasma",
"gas",
"oxygen"
] | B | SCiQ |
Viruses may damage or kill cells by causing the release of hydrolytic enzymes from where? | [
"lipids",
"lysosomes",
"capillaries",
"glands"
] | B | SCiQ | |
Species that have diverged from their common ancestors have greater differences in what? | Evidence from the fossil record can be combined with data from molecular clocks. A molecular clock uses DNA sequences (or the proteins they encode) to estimate relatedness among species. Molecular clocks estimate the time in geologic history when related species diverged from a common ancestor. Molecular clocks are bas... | [
"immunology",
"life span",
"cell structure",
"dna sequence"
] | D | SCiQ |
In a fuel cell, energy is not stored; electrical energy is provided by what? | called an alkaline battery when adapted to operate under alkaline conditions. Button batteries have a high output-to-mass ratio; lithium–iodine batteries consist of a solid electrolyte; the nickel– cadmium (NiCad) battery is rechargeable; and the lead–acid battery, which is also rechargeable, does not require the elect... | [
"carbon reaction",
"fusion reaction",
"chemical reaction",
"consumption reaction"
] | C | SCiQ |
What substance comes toward earth's crust through mantle plumes? | Some volcanoes form over active hot spots . Scientists count about 50 hot spots on the Earth. Hot spots may be in the middle of a tectonic plate. Hot spots lie directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume . Mantle plumes continuously bring magma up from the mantle towards the crust ( Figure below ). | [
"water",
"magma",
"rocks",
"gas"
] | B | SCiQ |
A plant is composed of two main types of tissue: meristematic tissue and what other kind of tissue? | CHAPTER SUMMARY 30.1 The Plant Body A vascular plant consists of two organ systems: the shoot system and the root system. The shoot system includes the aboveground vegetative portions (stems and leaves) and reproductive parts (flowers and fruits). The root system supports the plant and is usually underground. A plant i... | [
"nonvascular tissue",
"permanent tissue",
"muscle tissue",
"synovial tissue"
] | B | SCiQ |
The smallest and lightest alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol) are completely soluble in? | The smallest and lightest alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol) are completely soluble in water in all proportions. In a solution, the hydroxyl groups of alcohol molecules and the water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other, resulting in complete miscibility. However, as the length of the carbon chain increase... | [
"oil",
"gasoline",
"water",
"argon"
] | C | SCiQ |
In which stage do chromosomes line up one on top of each other along the middle of the cell, similar to how they line up in mitosis? | Metaphase II: The chromosomes line up one on top of each other along the middle of the cell, similar to how they line up in mitosis. The spindle is attached to the centromere of each chromosome. | [
"cyclohexane ii",
"metaphase ii",
"chromosome ii",
"hectase ii"
] | B | SCiQ |
If the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is the same as the natural frequencies of the system, the transfer of what is much more efficient? | 24.4 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes this energy is obvious, such as in the warmth of the summer sun. Other times it is subtle, such as the unfelt energy of gamma rays, which can destroy living cells. Electromagnetic waves ca... | [
"light",
"sound",
"energy",
"heat"
] | C | SCiQ |
When are nutrients absorbed into the body? | [
"before digestion",
"after digestion",
"after excretion",
"during digestion"
] | D | SCiQ | |
What happens to the length of the days in the fall? | For example, in the fall, when the days start to get shorter, the trees sense that there is less sunlight. The plant is stimulated, and it sends messages telling the leaves to change colors and fall. This is an example of photoperiodism , the reaction of organisms, such as plants, to the length of day or night. Photope... | [
"they stay the same",
"they get shorter",
"they change randomly",
"they get longer"
] | B | SCiQ |
Of the nine classes of vertebrates, how many are fish? | Of course. But what type? Of the nine classes of vertebrates, five are fish. Each of the five classes has distinguishing characteristics that allow members to be classified appropriately. Stingray are cartilaginous fish, related to sharks. | [
"four",
"one",
"three",
"five"
] | D | SCiQ |
After fertilization is complete, no other sperm can enter. the fertilized ovule forms the seed, whereas the tissues of the ovary become this? | events in angiosperms are known as double fertilization (Figure 32.18). After fertilization is complete, no other sperm can enter. The fertilized ovule forms the seed, whereas the tissues of the ovary become the fruit, usually enveloping the seed. | [
"vegetables",
"plant",
"wheat",
"fruit"
] | D | SCiQ |
What is a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely enclosed by mesoderm called? | Later, a true coelom evolved. This is a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely enclosed by mesoderm. The coelom lies between the digestive cavity and body wall. You can see it in the invertebrate in Figure below . Modern invertebrates with a coelom include mollusks (Phylum Mollusca) and annelids (Phylum Annelida). | [
"coelom",
"choroid",
"hymenium",
"pseudocoelom"
] | A | SCiQ |
Which is the least massive outer planet? | Uranus is the least massive outer planet. Its mass is only about 14 times the mass of Earth. Like all of the outer planets, Uranus is much less dense than Earth. Gravity is actually weaker than on Earth’s surface. If you were at the top of the clouds on Uranus, you would weigh about 10 percent less than what you weigh ... | [
"venus",
"jupiter",
"mars",
"uranus"
] | D | SCiQ |
The nervous system is characterized by electrical signals that are sent from one area to another. whether those areas are close or very far apart, the signal must travel along this? | 12.4 The Action Potential The nervous system is characterized by electrical signals that are sent from one area to another. Whether those areas are close or very far apart, the signal must travel along an axon. The basis of the electrical signal is the controlled distribution of ions across the membrane. Transmembrane ... | [
"axon",
"tendons",
"hairs",
"axial"
] | A | SCiQ |
What occurs when light reflects off a very smooth surface and forms a clear image? | Regular reflection occurs when light reflects off a very smooth surface and forms a clear image. Diffuse reflection occurs when light reflects off a rough surface and forms a blurry image or no image at all. | [
"refraction",
"regular reflection",
"absorption",
"projection"
] | B | SCiQ |
The head of the sperm contains what, which holds the chromosomes? | The head of the sperm contains the nucleus. The nucleus holds the chromosomes. In humans, the nucleus of a sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes. The acrosome on the head contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate an egg. | [
"nerve cells",
"eggs",
"nucleus",
"fiber"
] | C | SCiQ |
What system is responsible for defending your body against sickness? | Infectious diseases are diseases that spread from person to person. They are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi. What can you do to avoid infectious diseases? Eating right and getting plenty of sleep are a good start. These habits will help keep your immune system healthy. With a healthy immune syst... | [
"digestion system",
"immune system",
"circulatory system",
"nervous system"
] | B | SCiQ |
What effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population? | Founder effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population. By chance, allele frequencies of the founders may be different from allele frequencies of the population they left. An example is described in the Figure below . | [
"convergent",
"pioneer",
"divergent",
"founder"
] | D | SCiQ |
Each kidney is supplied by a renal artery and what else? | Each kidney is supplied by a renal artery and renal vein. | [
"spinal cord",
"renal vein",
"brain vein",
"coronary artery"
] | B | SCiQ |
What cell structures capture light energy from the sun and use it with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars for food? | Chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun and use it with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugars for food. Chloroplasts look like flat discs and are usually 2 to 10 micrometers in diameter and 1 micrometer thick. A model of a chloroplast is shown in Figure below . The chloroplast is enclosed by an inner and an... | [
"nuclei",
"ribosomes",
"chloroplasts",
"fibroblasts"
] | C | SCiQ |
What is released when catabolic pathways break down complex molecules? | [
"food",
"oxygen",
"hydrogen",
"energy"
] | D | SCiQ | |
Mass and volume are examples of what kind of properties? | Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties. | [
"varied properties",
"exclusive properties",
"extensive properties",
"dynamic properties"
] | C | SCiQ |
What technique is used by insects and birds to find food, mates, and safety from predators? | Other than insects, virtually no other animals can inhabit the airy world. Flying is a sure-fire way to escape from all but the quickest nonflying predators. Flying also gives birds a good view for finding food and mates. | [
"flying",
"sleeping",
"playing",
"mating"
] | A | SCiQ |
What property of food is determined by burning the food and measuring the heat released? | Food calories are determined by burning the food and measuring the heat released. | [
"calories",
"additives",
"acidity",
"nutrients"
] | A | SCiQ |
What simple machine works with a wheel and axle in a wheelbarrow? | Look at the wheelbarrow in the Figure below . It is used to carry heavy objects. It consists of two simple machines: a lever and a wheel and axle. Effort is applied to the lever by picking up the handles of the wheelbarrow. The lever, in turn, applies upward force to the load. The force is increased by the lever, makin... | [
"hammer",
"pulley",
"blade",
"lever"
] | D | SCiQ |
What type of joint has the greatest range of motion? | There are a variety of types of movable joints, which are illustrated in Figure below . The joints are classified by how they move. For example, a ball-and-socket joint, such as the shoulder, has the greatest range of motion, allowing movement in several directions. Other movable joints, including hinge joints such as ... | [
"Gliding",
"Hinge",
"Pivot",
"ball-and-socket"
] | D | SCiQ |
What is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration? | Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. The difference in the concentrations of the molecules in the two areas is called the concentration gradient . Diffusion will continue until this gradient has been eliminated. Since diffusion... | [
"diffusion",
"absorption",
"condensation",
"secretion"
] | A | SCiQ |
Light-weight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart helps a bird do what? | Bird organ systems are adapted for flight. For example, they have light-weight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart. | [
"fly",
"digest",
"swim",
"run"
] | A | SCiQ |
The myod protein deserves its designation as a master regulatory what? | Some organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually. Under what conditions might each type of reproduction be an advantage?. | [
"gene",
"protein",
"hormone",
"enzyme"
] | A | SCiQ |
When flagellated sperm must swim to the egg, sexual reproduction requires the presence of what substance? | The male gametophyte produces flagellated sperm that must swim to the egg formed by the female gametophyte. For this reason, sexual reproduction must happen in the presence of water. Therefore, nonvascular plants tend to live in moist environments. Though the life of a nonvascular seedless plant is a cycle, this can be... | [
"water",
"sunshine",
"air",
"nitrogen"
] | A | SCiQ |
What consists of these five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase? | 6.2 The Cell Cycle The cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events. Cells on the path to cell division proceed through a series of precisely timed and carefully regulated stages. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of a long preparatory period, called interphase. Interphase is divided into G1, S, and G2 phases. Mito... | [
"germination",
"meiosis",
"evolution",
"mitosis"
] | D | SCiQ |
What is the name of the muscle at the end of the esophagus? | From the pharynx, the food moves into the esophagus. The esophagus is a long, narrow tube that passes food from the pharynx to the stomach by peristalsis. The esophagus has no other digestive functions. At the end of the esophagus, a muscle called a sphincter controls the entrance to the stomach. The sphincter opens to... | [
"sphincter",
"throat",
"neck",
"intestine"
] | A | SCiQ |
What do you call the high and low points of transverse waves? | In a transverse wave, such as a wave in a rope, the medium vibrates at right angles to the direction that the wave travels. The high points of transverse waves are called crests, and the low points are called troughs. | [
"crests and troughs",
"bands and troughs",
"echos and troughs",
"waves and troughs"
] | A | SCiQ |
For each initial glucose molecules, two pyruvate molecules will enter where? | Aerobic respiration begins with the entry of the product of glycolysis, pyruvate, into the mitochondria. For each initial glucose molecules, two pyruvate molecules will enter the mitochondria. Pyruvate, however, is not the molecule that enters the Krebs cycle. Prior to entry into this cycle, pyruvate must be converted ... | [
"the nucleus",
"the mitochondria",
"the plasma",
"Golgi apparatus"
] | B | SCiQ |
Through which artery does blood enter the kidneys? | Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into capillaries. When blood passes through capillaries of the glomerulus of a nephron, blood pressure forces some of the water and dissolved substances in the blood to cross the capillary walls into Bowman’s capsule. | [
"jugular",
"cerebral artery",
"renal artery",
"thoracic artery"
] | C | SCiQ |
Where do radio waves lie on the electromagnetic spectrum? | Courtesy of NASA. Radio waves lie at the far left of the electromagnetic spectrum . Public Domain. | [
"far right",
"far left",
"top",
"middle"
] | B | SCiQ |
What links the trophic levels from producers to top carnivores? | [
"environments",
"fuel chains",
"ecosystems",
"food chains"
] | D | SCiQ | |
The waste of cows releases a lot of which type of gas? | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon compounds such as methane. VOCs are released in many human activities, such as raising livestock. Livestock wastes produce a lot of methane. | [
"sulphur",
"carbon dioxide",
"oxygen",
"methane"
] | D | SCiQ |
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