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ancient-scripts-datasets / docs /changelog /002_database_rectification.md
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002 — Database Rectification & Ancient Language Expansion

Date: 2026-03-12 Scope: IPA pipeline bug fixes, 18 ancient language additions, adversarial audits

1. Objective

Fix a critical IPA pipeline bug that caused 45 languages to have Word == IPA (i.e., raw orthography stored as IPA), add 18 ancient/reconstructed languages with proper IPA transcriptions, and conduct adversarial audits on all ancient language entries to ensure no AI-generated or hallucinated data.

2. Scripts Used

Script Purpose
scripts/fix_ipa_pipeline.py Detect and fix Form/Value column swap in CLDF ingestion
scripts/add_ancient_languages.py Ingest ancient language data from specialized CLDF sources
scripts/audit_ancient_languages.py Adversarial audit: random sampling, Word==IPA ratio analysis, source verification

3. Data Sources

Same CLDF sources as 001, plus:

Source Repository License Description
IE-CoR https://github.com/lexibank/iecor CC BY 4.0 Indo-European Cognate Relationships database
ACD https://github.com/lexibank/acd CC BY 4.0 Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
DiACL https://github.com/lexibank/diacl CC BY 4.0 Diachronic Atlas of Comparative Linguistics

4. Source Reputability

  • IE-CoR: Maintained by the Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, MPI-EVA. Expert cognate judgements for Indo-European. Peer-reviewed methodology.
  • ACD: Robert Blust's lifetime work on Austronesian reconstruction. Widely cited as the authoritative reference (2,000+ citations).
  • DiACL: University of Oslo. Curated diachronic cognate data with expert annotations.
  • All sources are CLDF-compliant, hosted on lexibank (MPI-EVA), CC BY 4.0.

5. Methodology

IPA Pipeline Fix

  • Root cause: CLDF forms.csv has both Form (orthographic) and Value (IPA) columns. Original ingester used Form as IPA for 45 languages.
  • Detection: Computed Word == IPA ratio per language. Healthy languages: ~5-15% overlap (transliteration scripts). Broken languages: 80-100% overlap.
  • Fix: Corrected column mapping. Re-ingested affected languages. Overall dataset Word==IPA ratio improved from 48.9% → 36.7%.

Ancient Language Additions (18 languages)

Proto-Indo-European (ine-pro), Hittite (hit), Ugaritic (uga), Elamite (elx), Avestan (ave), Old Persian (peo), Phoenician (phn), Lycian (xlc), Lydian (xld), Luwian (xle), Phrygian (xpg), Eteocretan (xcr), Hattic (xur), Proto-Semitic (sem-pro), Proto-Dravidian (dra-pro), Proto-Caucasian (ccs-pro), Classical Mongolian (cms), Rhaetic (xrr).

Adversarial Audit Protocol

For each of the 18 ancient languages:

  1. Source verification: Confirm entries trace to published CLDF records
  2. Format check: Valid ISO 639-3 code, non-empty IPA, proper SCA encoding
  3. Content sampling: Random 10-entry sample verified against source repo
  4. Word==IPA ratio: Must be within expected range for script type (transliteration: 30-60%, alphabetic: 5-20%)
  5. Hallucination detection: No entries may be AI-generated; all must trace to CLDF Source_Record_ID

6. Tests Performed

  • 18 individual adversarial audit reports (one per ancient language), stored in docs/ADVERSARIAL_AUDIT_*.md
  • Master audit report: docs/ADVERSARIAL_DATABASE_AUDIT_2026-03-12.md
  • All 18 languages achieved PASS verdict
  • Example: Avestan (ave) — 157 entries, 42.7% Word==IPA (expected for transliteration), IPA conversions verified against Skjærvø (2003)
  • Random sampling: 10 entries per language × 18 languages = 180 manual checks, all matched source

7. Cross-Referencing

  • Each audit report includes a random 10-entry sample with source verification
  • Word==IPA ratios cross-checked against expected values for each script type
  • Ancient language IPA verified against published transcription conventions:
    • Hittite: Kloekhorst (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon
    • Avestan: Skjærvø (2003) An Introduction to Young Avestan
    • Ugaritic: Tropper (2000) Ugaritische Grammatik
    • Proto-Indo-European: Fortson (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture

8. Output Summary

Metric Before After
Total languages 1,159 1,177
Word==IPA ratio 48.9% 36.7%
Ancient languages 0 18
Audit verdicts N/A 18/18 PASS
Entries corrected (IPA fix) — 23,904 (ABVD G2P rule-based)

9. Commits

  • IPA pipeline fix + ancient language additions
  • 18 adversarial audit reports
  • Master database audit report