0 stringlengths 12 494 | embeddings listlengths 384 384 |
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adequate\tintake\t(AI)\tfor\tpotassium\t(\nDrake\tand\tFrei,\t2018\n).\nUse\tof\tmultivitamins\tand\tminerals\thas\tbeen\tshown\tto\timprove\tmicronutrient\n\tstatus\tamong\tadults\tand\tchildren\t(\nBailey\tet\tal,\n2012\n;\t\nBlumberg\tet\tal,\t2017\n).\tUnfortunately,\tincreased\tnutrient\tintake\thas\tnot\ttranslat... | [
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0.05614857375621796,
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0.08717881888151169,
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0.04849938675761223,
0.08207547664642334,
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0.04743083938956261,
0.04505... |
people\twithout\tovert\tnutrient\tdeficiencies.\tResearch\treviews\tby\tthe\tNIH\tState\tof\tScience\tPanel\tand\tthe\tU.S.\tPreventive\nServices\tTask\tForce\thave\tevaluated\tobservational\tand\trandomized\tcontrolled\ttrials\t(RCTs)\tof\tmore\tthan\n\t400,000\tpeople\tusing | [
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0.014255481772124767,
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0.11409506946802139,
0.003314228728413582,
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0.0487033985555172,
0.11342321336269379,
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0.010303576476871967,
-0.007245... |
400,000\tpeople\tusing\nsingle\tor\tpaired\tvitamins\tor\tMVM\tand\thave\tnot\tfound\tevidence\tthat\tthey\treduce\tchronic\tdisease\tor\tprevent\tearly\tdeath\twith\nthe\texception\tof\tsome\tforms\tof\tcancer\tand\tpotentially\tcardiovascular\tdisease,\tespecially\tfor\tlong-term\tusers\tof\tMVMs\n(\nFortmann\tet\tal... | [
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0.04961446672677994,
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0.0021607966627925634,
0.0445987731218338,
0.021798590198159218,
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0.08307263255119324,
0.07855755090713501,
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0.04516293480992317,
0.000025... |
(\nFortmann\tet\tal,\t2013\n;\t\nBlumberg\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\tTwo\ttrials,\tthe\tSupplementation\tin\tVitamins\tand\tMineral\tAntioxidants\tStudy\n(SU.VI.MAX)\tand\n\tthe\tPhysicians’\tHealth\tStudy\tII\t(PHS-II),\tfound\ta\tsmall\treduction\tin\tcancer\tincidence\tfor\tmen\tonly\tafter\t12\t½\nyears\t(SU.VI.MAX)\tand\... | [
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0.04124042019248009,
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0.016894040629267693,
0.026131657883524895,
0.020384764298796654,
0.0070546953938901424,
0.05295191705226898,
0.10590661317110062,
-0.007461782079190016,
0.011010047048330307,
0.0... |
Fortmann\tet\tal,\t2013\n;\t\nGaziano\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tMore\trecently,\nanalysis\tof\tmale\tphysicians\tin\tthe\tPhysicians’\tHealth\tStudy\tI\tcohort\twho\treported\ttaking\tan\tMVM\tfor\tmore\tthan\t20\tyears\nshowed\ta\tlower\trisk\tof\tcardiovascular\tevents.\tIn\n\ta\tnationally\trepresentative\tsample\tof\twom... | [
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0.04464266821742058,
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0.014353275299072266,
0.04902784526348114,
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0.09482304006814957,
0.07368768751621246,
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0.024440253153443336,
0.012... |
an\tMVM\tfor\tmore\tthan\t3\tyears\thad\tlower\tcardiovascular\tmortality\talthough\tthe\tresults\twere\tdeemed\tnonsignificant\twhen\tthe\nresults\twere\tfully\tadjusted\tfor\tconfounding\tvariables\t(\nRautiainen\tet\tal,\t2016\n;\t\nBailey\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tTrials\tlooking\tat\tcognitive\ndecline\tand\tall-cause\t... | [
0.007311995606869459,
-0.024189641699194908,
0.06354612857103348,
-0.048139140009880066,
-0.09547445178031921,
0.03891517221927643,
0.06958761811256409,
-0.003208592999726534,
-0.022560305893421173,
0.08007624000310898,
0.11814363300800323,
-0.014798298478126526,
0.06478167325258255,
0.053... |
of\tharm\tor\tbenefit\t(\nFortmann\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\nChronic\tdiseases\tare\tcomplex\tand\tusually\thave\tmultifactorial\tcauses.\tStudying\tthe\teffect\tof\tan\tMVM\ton\tnutrient\tintake\tand\noverall\thealth\tis\ta\tdifficult\tundertaking.\tAlmost\tall\tAmericans\tare\ttaking\tin\tsupplemental\tforms\tof\tnutrients... | [
0.006236802786588669,
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0.08909739553928375,
-0.0158397164195776,
-0.06211649626493454,
0.011937187984585762,
0.04872589930891991,
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0.05302594602108002,
0.07959576696157455,
-0.08639873564243317,
0.018113169819116592,
-0.010828... |
which\tcomplicates\tefforts\tto\tquantify\tthe\timpact\tof\ttaking\tan\tMVM\tsupplement.\tIn\tobservational\ttrials,\n\tpeople\ttake\ta\tvariety\tof\nMVMs\twith\tdiffering\tcompositions\tand\tpotencies.\tPeople\twho\tself-select\tto\ttake\tan\tMVM\tare\tusually\thealthier\tand\thave\tbetter | [
0.040153391659259796,
-0.01542882900685072,
0.07151608914136887,
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0.015590894967317581,
0.12453785538673401,
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0.003733839839696884,
0.07615957409143448,
0.0947907567024231,
-0.04800277575850487,
0.03990853577852249,
0.00091256... |
diets,\tsuggesting\tthat\tMVMs\tmay\tnot\tbe\thelpful\tfor\tmost\twell-nourished\tpeople.\tA\tfew\tlong-term\tRCTs\tevaluated\tthe\tmerits\tof\nMVMs,\tand\tthe\tresults\thave\tbeen\tpopulation\tor\tgender\tspecific\tand\tnot\tgeneralizable\tto\tthe\tentire\tU.S.\tpopulation\t(\nFortmann\net\tal,\t2013 | [
0.024169763550162315,
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0.05550910159945488,
0.0038732399698346853,
-0.034217048436403275,
0.0065251546911895275,
0.0568765290081501,
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0.07788455486297607,
0.13585978746414185,
-0.03878055512905121,
0.008040491491556168,
-0.02... |
Fortmann\net\tal,\t2013\n).\tMVMs\tmay\thave\tefficacy\tbased\ton\tassessment\tof\tindividual\tneeds,\tespecially\twith\tthe\tadvent\tof\tnutrigenomics | [
-0.012277739122509956,
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0.06495420634746552,
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0.006290159188210964,
0.01612... |
and\tpersonalized\tnutrition,\tbut\tare\tnot\tgenerally\tuseful\tfor\tall\tpeople.\tIn\tthose\twho\tdo\tsupplement\twith\tMVMs,\tthere\tis\tlittle\nevidence\tfor\tharm,\thowever\tassessment\tshould\tinclude\ta\trisk\tfor\texceeding\tupper\tlimits\ton\tnutrients,\tespecially\twhen\tmultiple\nsupplements\tare\ttaken\tat\... | [
0.0024682222865521908,
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0.08032603561878204,
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0.0748114213347435,
0.12440060079097748,
-0.06819012016057968,
0.05693517252802849,
0.015300... |
the\tsame\ttime\t(\nBlumberg\tet\tal,\t2018\n).\nAntioxidant\tsupplements\nOxidative\tstress\tis\timplicated\tin\ta\tvariety\tof\tdisease\tstates,\tand\tmany\tAmericans\ttake\tantioxidant\tsupplements.\tA\tCochrane\nreview\tof\t78\tRCTs\twith\t296,707\tparticipants\tfound\tthat\tall-cause\tmortality\twas\tincreased\tsl... | [
0.01717248372733593,
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0.05295059457421303,
0.002381565049290657,
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0.029201513156294823,
0.08389326930046082,
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0.07274121046066284,
0.10759830474853516,
-0.0492706298828125,
-0.0010642362758517265,
-0.0192... |
The\teffect\twas\tstrongest\twith\tbeta\tcarotene\tin\tsmokers,\tand\thigh-dose\tvitamin\tE\n\tand\tvitamin\tA.\tVitamin\tC\tand\tselenium\twere\nnot\tfound\tto\tincrease\tmortality\tbut\talso\tdid\tnot\timprove\tlongevity\t(\nBjelakovic\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tAntioxidant\tsupplements\tmay\tbe | [
0.023658374324440956,
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0.04391202703118324,
0.029777534306049347,
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0.04691691696643829,
0.1328006237745285,
0.036198657006025314,
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0.050574079155921936,
0.09187076985836029,
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0.0134... |
Bjelakovic\tet\tal,\t2012\n).\tAntioxidant\tsupplements\tmay\tbe\nbeneficial,\thowever,\tfor\tprevention\tof\tage-related\tmacular\tdegeneration\t(AMD).\tIn\tthe\tAge-Related\tEye\tDisease\tStudy\n(AREDS),\thigh-dose\tvitamin\tC\t(500\tmg),\tvitamin\tE\t(400\tIU),\tbeta\tcarotene\t(15\tmg),\tand\tzinc\t(80\tmg)\thad\ta... | [
-0.0005352857988327742,
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0.008383460342884064,
-0.10350882261991501,
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0.07276226580142975,
0.1389641910791397,
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0.003897776361554861,
0.03891777619719505,
-0.027242464944720268,
-0.022999117150902748,
0... |
reduction\tin\tthe\trisk\tof\tdeveloping\tAMD\tafter\ttaking\tthe\tantioxidant\tsupplements\tfor\t6.3\tyears.\tThe\teffects\twere\tstill\tpresent\nafter\ta\t10-year\tfollow-up\t(\nChew\tet\tal,\t2013\n).\tFor\tthe\tmajority\tof\tpeople,\tit\tis\tprobably\tbest\tto\tget\tantioxidants\tand | [
-0.0064135449938476086,
0.022487416863441467,
0.05932651832699776,
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-0.02163880690932274,
0.02816237136721611,
0.08662944287061691,
0.0052880155853927135,
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0.06903591752052307,
0.1101880818605423,
0.0005479898536577821,
0.028837643563747406,
-0.01... |
phytonutrients\tby\teating\ta\tvariety\tof\tplant-based\tfoods,\tincluding\tfruits,\tvegetables,\therbs,\tspices,\tnuts,\tseeds,\tlegumes,\tand\nwhole\tgrains.\nPotentially\n\tat-risk\tpopulations\nAlthough\tdietary\tsupplement\tuse\tis\tmost\tcommon\tamong\tpeople\twho\tare\tleast\tlikely\tto\thave\ta\tnutrient\tdefic... | [
0.013063359074294567,
-0.05289876088500023,
0.02564321458339691,
0.029676690697669983,
-0.0214860737323761,
0.06892205774784088,
0.11216092109680176,
0.006125247105956078,
-0.022464249283075333,
0.04285302385687828,
0.1563509851694107,
-0.07313041388988495,
0.011962543241679668,
-0.0341468... |
has\tidentified\tseveral\tpopulations\tand\tlife\tcycle\tstages\tthat\tpotentially\tcould\tbenefit\tfrom\tdietary\tsupplements\t(\nAND,\t2018\n).\nTable\t11.3\n\toutlines\tpotentially\tat-risk\tpopulations.\tClinicians\tshould\tbe\taware\tof\tthese\tat-risk\tsubgroups\tand\tcomplete\ta\nnutrition | [
-0.032926738262176514,
-0.010261619463562965,
0.025553306564688683,
-0.03385155275464058,
0.002514387248083949,
0.025732312351465225,
0.0867333710193634,
0.05382426828145981,
-0.039940766990184784,
0.052396759390830994,
0.09805049002170563,
-0.07368048280477524,
0.026836704462766647,
0.027... |
nutrition\n\tassessment\tto\tdetermine\tthe\tneed\tfor\tsupplementation\ton\tan\tindividual\tbasis\tif\tnutrition\tstatus\tcannot\tbe\timproved\nby\tdietary\tchanges\talone.\nTABLE\t11.3\nPopulations\tPotentially\tat\tRisk\tfor\tNutrient\tDeficiencies\nAt-Risk\tPopulation\tor\tLife\tCycle\tStage\nNutrients\tof\tConcern... | [
-0.027242109179496765,
-0.06667601317167282,
0.021182093769311905,
0.01822456158697605,
-0.04990050196647644,
0.02059420756995678,
0.07940049469470978,
0.047811124473810196,
-0.07737710326910019,
0.04503437131643295,
0.11428053677082062,
-0.0726855993270874,
0.016859883442521095,
-0.000002... |
Corrected\tby\tSupplementation\nThose\tliving\tin\tpoverty\t(especially\tchildren)\nIron,\tcalcium,\n\tmagnesium,\tfolate,\tvitamins\tA,\tB\n6\n,\tC,\tD,\tand\nE\nThose\ttaking\toral\tcontraceptives\nZinc,\tfolic\tacid,\tB\n6\n,\tand\tB\n12\nAdolescent\tfemales\nIron\tand\tcalcium\nPregnancy\nIron\tand\tfolic\tacid\nOl... | [
-0.0586976483464241,
-0.06665214151144028,
0.03316769376397133,
0.0019765254110097885,
-0.06925903260707855,
0.011288657784461975,
0.08751726895570755,
0.019391562789678574,
-0.02310883440077305,
0.031312357634305954,
0.08437628298997879,
-0.008937417529523373,
0.025159230455756187,
0.0236... |
Older\tadults\nB\n12\n\tand\tvitamin\tD,\tmultiple\tmicronutrients\nThose\tfollowing\tcalorie-restricted\tweight\tloss\tdiets\nMultiple\tnutrients\nPeople\twith\tdark\tpigmented\tskin\nVitamin\tD\nPeople\twith\tmalabsorption\t(inflammatory\n\tbowel\tdisease,\tgastric\tbypass)\nMultiple\tnutrients\nThose\twho\tavoid\tfo... | [
-0.052175380289554596,
-0.07568247616291046,
0.03612111136317253,
0.06446227431297302,
-0.02602275088429451,
0.0006627538241446018,
0.07666350156068802,
0.0375223383307457,
-0.04749688506126404,
-0.010090057738125324,
0.10539384931325912,
-0.025802655145525932,
0.021892832592129707,
-0.008... |
Those\twho\tavoid\tfood\tgroups\tdue\tto\tallergy\tor\tpreference\tincluding\nstrict\tvegetarians\tand\tvegans\nMultiple\tnutrients,\tiron,\tzinc,\tcalcium,\tB\n12\nThose\twith\tgenetic\tpredisposition\tto\tnutrient\tdeficiencies\t(i.e.,\tMTHFR\nor\tvitamin\tD\treceptor\tmutations)\nFolate,\tB\n12\n,\tvitamin\tD.\tUse\... | [
-0.002031446900218725,
-0.028725383803248405,
0.03734023496508598,
-0.024713564664125443,
-0.08799775689840317,
0.009403680451214314,
0.03856811299920082,
0.005933939479291439,
-0.024844393134117126,
0.0770072191953659,
0.14916682243347168,
-0.035064756870269775,
0.010878358036279678,
0.02... |
emerging\tscience.\nThose\twith\n\tadvanced\tmacular\tdegeneration\t(AMD)\nVitamin\tC,\tvitamin\tE,\tzinc,\tcopper,\tlutein,\tand\tzeaxanthin\nSmokers\nVitamin\tC\nThose\twith\talcoholism\nFolate\tand\tthiamin\nPeople\ttaking\tmedications\tthat\tdeplete\tnutrients\nMultiple\tnutrients | [
-0.03747651353478432,
-0.09369039535522461,
0.047781411558389664,
0.042279742658138275,
0.012685191817581654,
0.03892166167497635,
0.07570848613977432,
0.08260025829076767,
-0.024397850036621094,
0.007221853360533714,
0.10280652344226837,
-0.014679753221571445,
-0.045105259865522385,
-0.00... |
People\ttaking\tmedications\tthat\tdeplete\tnutrients\nMultiple\tnutrients\nAdapted\tfrom\tthe\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics.\tPosition\tof\tthe\tAcademy\tof\tNutrition\tand\tDietetics:\tMicronutrient\tSupplementation.\t\nJ\tAcad\tNut\tDiet\n\t118(11):2162-2173,\n\t2018.\nDietary\tsupplement\tregulation | [
-0.03740672767162323,
-0.03789569437503815,
0.023125402629375458,
-0.01794934645295143,
-0.06387829780578613,
0.036419861018657684,
0.11220932751893997,
-0.02257881686091423,
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0.01853254623711109,
0.07992127537727356,
-0.10935347527265549,
-0.00047326015192084014,
-0.0... |
118(11):2162-2173,\n\t2018.\nDietary\tsupplement\tregulation\nDietary\tsupplements\tare\tregulated\tby\ttwo\tgovernment\tagencies,\tthe\tFDA,\twhich\toversees\tsafety\tconcerns,\tand\tthe\tFederal\nTrade\tCommission\t(FTC),\twhich\toversees\tadvertising,\tlabel,\tand\thealth\tclaims.\tBefore\t1994,\tdietary\tsupplement... | [
-0.058425627648830414,
-0.011269964277744293,
0.006909507792443037,
-0.05845702067017555,
-0.04963521286845207,
-0.03080473467707634,
0.01458989642560482,
-0.013295977376401424,
0.008646129630506039,
0.028690507635474205,
0.023723535239696503,
-0.05253928154706955,
0.023328466340899467,
-0... |
limbo\tunder\tthe\tgeneral,\tbut\tunspecified,\tregulation\tof\tthe\tFDA.\tThe\t\nDietary\tSupplement\tHealth\tand\tEducation\tAct\tof\n1994\t(DSHEA)\n\tdefined\tdietary\tsupplements\tunder\tthe\tcategory\tof\tfood\tand\texplicitly\tremoved\tthem\tfrom\tconsideration\tas | [
0.006040116306394339,
-0.04638391733169556,
0.0417376346886158,
-0.044992610812187195,
-0.07791315019130707,
0.008829130791127682,
0.09288810938596725,
-0.0026318987365812063,
0.01404491811990738,
0.059138666838407516,
0.10098335146903992,
-0.022580336779356003,
0.0037904304917901754,
0.02... |
drugs\tor\tdietary\tadditives.\tThis\twas\tseen\tas\ta\tvictory\tto\tthe\tdietary\tsupplement\tindustry\tand\tconsumers;\tthey\thad\tbecome\naccustomed\tto\topen\taccess\tin\tability\tto\tmanufacture\tand\tpurchase\tdietary\tsupplements\twithout\tmany\trestrictions.\nDietary\tsupplement\tregulation\tset\tforth\tby\tDSH... | [
0.015796026214957237,
-0.03148705139756203,
0.04898521676659584,
-0.10089866071939468,
-0.05725497752428055,
0.041948579251766205,
0.124472476541996,
-0.008063354529440403,
-0.05745825916528702,
0.04999864473938942,
0.09674535691738129,
0.02430998906493187,
0.058164529502391815,
-0.0033250... |
the\tfollowing\t(\nNIH,\t1994\n):\n•\t\nGenerally\trecognized\tas\tsafe\t(GRAS)\n\tstatus\tto\tall\tsupplements\tproduced\tbefore\tOctober\t15,\t1994.\tThis\tallows\nmanufacturers\tto\tcontinue\tto\tsell\tall\tof\tthe\tproducts\tthat\twere\ton\tthe\tmarket\tat\tthe\ttime\tDSHEA\twas\tpassed.\tAny | [
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0.04312455281615257,
0.0104... |
company\tthat\tintroduces\ta\tnew\tdietary\tsupplement\tmust\tsend\tnotification\tand\tsafety\tinformation\tto\tthe\tFDA\t75\tdays\nbefore\tselling\tthe\tsupplement.\n•\t\nA\tsupplement\tfacts\tpanel\tthat\tdefines\thow\tingredients\tmust\tbe\tlisted\ton\tthe\tlabel.\tSee\t\nFig.\t11.2\n\tfor\tan\texample\tof\ta\ndieta... | [
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-0.002... |
Fig.\t11.2\n\tfor\tan\texample\tof\ta\ndietary\tsupplement\tlabel.\n•\t\nStructure\tfunction\tclaims\tvs.\thealth\tclaims:\tSupplement\tcompanies\tare\tno\tlonger\tallowed\tto\tlist\tdisease\tstates\tor\nmake\tspecific\thealth\tclaims\ton\ta\tdietary\tsupplement\tlabel.\tA\t\nstructure\tfunction\tclaim\n\tallows\tfor\t... | [
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0.0016320650465786457,
0.050671979784965515,
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-0.05350583791732788,
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0.011131519451737404,
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0.06169259920716286,
0.07858972996473312,
-0.03710794448852539,
0.06417042016983032,
0.03551... |
allows\tfor\ta\tdescription\tthat\nincludes\ta\tstructure\n\tor\tfunction\tof\tthe\tbody\tor\ta\tstage\tof\tlife.\t“Supports\tstrong\tbones”\tis\tan\tallowable\tstructure\nfunction\tclaim;\t“Prevents\tosteoporosis”\tis\tnot.\tThe\tlabel\tmust\talso\tinclude\tthe\tdisclaimer,\t“This\tstatement\thas\tnot | [
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-0.03736424446105957,
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0.0649242177605629,
0.07860933244228363,
-0.02049962617456913,
0.018224744126200676,
0.0789... |
been\tevaluated\tby\tthe\tFood\tand\tDrug\tAdministration.\tThis\tproduct\tis\tnot\tintended\tto\tdiagnose,\ttreat,\tcure,\tor\tprevent\nany\tdisease.”\tOpponents\tof\tDSHEA\tfeel\tthat\tstructure\tfunction\tclaims\n\tare\ttoo\tsimilar\tto\tdrug\tclaims\tand\tencourage\ndietary\tsupplements\tto\tbe\tused\tlike\tdrugs.\... | [
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0.07191511243581772,
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0.100090391933918,
0.07722140103578568,
-0.039694253355264664,
0.04263399541378021,
0.03032061... |
health\tclaim\n\tcan\tmention\ta\tdisease\tstate\tas\tlong\tas\tit\thas\nmet\tthe\tsignificant\tscientific\tagreement\tstandard\tof\tthe\tFDA\tand\tcan\texist\ton\tfoods\tand\tdietary\tsupplements.\tFor\nexample,\t“soluble\tfiber\tfrom\tfoods\tsuch\tas\toat\tbran,\tas\tpart\tof\ta\tdiet\tlow\tin\tsaturated\tfat\tand\tc... | [
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0.027996743097901344,
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-0.0017190001672133803,
0.14159108698368073,
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0.03608626499772072,
-0.02... |
the\n\trisk\tof\theart\tdisease.”\tThe\tFDA\thas\tapproved\tonly\ta\tlimited\tnumber\tof\thealth\tclaims.\n•\t\nDisseminating\tproduct\tliterature:\tDietary\tsupplement\tmanufacturers\tand\tretailers\tare\tno\tlonger\table\tto\tdisplay\nproduct\tinformation\tor\ttechnical\tdata\tsheets\tnext\tto\tproducts\tbecause\tthe... | [
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-0.07110806554555893,
0.02221626415848732,
0.0933908075094223,
0.02155475690960884,
0.010489321313798428,
0.10069859772920609,
0.09092564135789871,
-0.013912901282310486,
0.09010309725999832,
-0.0048905... |
supplements\tappear\tto\tbe\tdrugs.\n•\t\nBecause\ta\twide\tvariety\tof\tdietary\tsupplements\tare\n\tavailable,\tincluding\tsome\thormones\tand\tmegadose\tvitamins,\tit\tis\nup\tto\tconsumers\tto\tbe\teducated\tabout\tthe\tdietary\tsupplement\tthey\tchoose\tto\tconsume.\tThe\tNIH\tfounded\tthe\tOffice\tof | [
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0.018560705706477165,
0.05666103586554527,
0.01758468523621559,
0.06775934994220734,
0.01316114... |
Dietary\tSupplements\t(ODS)\tin\t1994\tto\tfund\tresearch\tand\tdisseminate\tcredible\tinformation\ton\tdietary\tsupplements\tto\nconsumers.\tOn\tthis\tgovernment\twebsite,\tconsumers\tcan\tfind\tbasic\tconsumer\tinformation,\ttechnical\tdata\tsheets\n\tabout\ndietary\tsupplements\tand\therbs,\tand\tFDA\twarnings.\n• | [
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0.12189412117004395,
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-0... |
about\ndietary\tsupplements\tand\therbs,\tand\tFDA\twarnings.\n•\t\nGood\tmanufacturing\tprocedures\t(GMPs)\twere\tadopted\tin\t2007\tand\twent\tinto\tfull\tenforcement\tin\t2010.\tAccording\tto\nthe\tGMPs,\tmanufacturers\tof\tdietary\tsupplements\tmust\tmeet\tminimum\tstandards\tfor\tproduction\tand\tare\tsubject\tto | [
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0.03557518497109413,
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-0.06628447771072388,
0.024748530238866806,
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0.09555429220199585,
0.06359104067087173,
-0.014143838547170162,
0.025864722207188606,
0.01... |
random\taudits.\tThe\tGMPs\tregulate\tthe\tdesign\tand\tconstruction\tof\tmanufacturing\tplants,\tmaintenance\tand\tcleaning | [
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procedures,\n\tmanufacturing\tprocedures,\tquality\tcontrol\tprocedures,\ttesting\tof\tmaterials,\thandling\tof\tconsumer\ncomplaints,\tand\tmaintaining\trecords\t(\nFDA,\t2010\n).\nFIG.\t11.2\nA\tdietary\tsupplement\tfacts\tlabel\tper\tFood\tand\tDrug\tAdministration\tregulation\tas\tdefined\tunder\tthe\tDietary\tSupp... | [
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0.055572621524333954,
0.0034913... |
Education\tAct.\n\tSource:\t\n(From\t\t\nhttp://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/documents/image/ucm070717.gif\n.)\nUnder\tDSHEA,\tdietary\tsupplements\tare\tregulated\tonly\tfor\tsafety\tand\tnot\tfor\tefficacy.\tManufacturers\tare\tbeholden\tto\tfollow\nthe\tregulatory\tlaws\tgoverning | [
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the\tregulatory\tlaws\tgoverning\n\tdietary\tsupplements;\thowever,\tthey\tdo\tnot\thave\tto\tsend\tany\tpremarket\tnotification\tto\tthe\tFDA\nexcept\tfor\tstructure\tfunction\tclaims\tand\tsafety\tdocumentation\tfor\t\nnew\tdietary\tingredients\t(NDIs)\n\tthat\twere\tnot\tused\tbefore | [
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0.09352613985538483,
0.10271431505680084,
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0.03162086382508278,
-0.01706... |
new\tdietary\tingredients\t(NDIs)\n\tthat\twere\tnot\tused\tbefore\n1994.\tThe\tFDA\trandomly\tinspects\tmore\tthan\t300\tdietary\tsupplement\tmanufacturers\tper\tyear.\tAccording\tto\tthe\tNatural\nProducts\tInsider\tvia\tinformation\tobtained\tthrough\tthe\tFreedom\tof\tInformation\n\tAct\t(FOIA),\tin\tfiscal\tyear\t... | [
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0.03864363953471184,
-0.0262... |
Act\t(FOIA),\tin\tfiscal\tyear\t2018,\t75\tinspections\n(∼24%\tof\tinspections)\tresulted\tin\tGMP\tviolations\tand\tcompanies\twere\tcited\tby\tthe\tFDA.\tThe\tmost\tcommon\tnoncompliance\nissues\twere\tfailure\tto\ttest\tproducts\tfor\tidentity,\tpotency,\tand\tpurity\t(\nLong,\t2018\n).\tThe\tFDA\tis\tincreasing\tit... | [
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0.032... |
Long,\t2018\n).\tThe\tFDA\tis\tincreasing\tits\tauditing\tprogram\nevery\tyear.\tWith\trepeated\taudits,\tmany\tof\tthe\tnoncompliant\tcompanies\twill\tbe\tforced\tto\tcomply\tor\tshut\tdown,\n\twhich\twill\thelp\nensure\tincreased\tsafety\tin\tthe\tindustry.\tFor\tnow,\thealth\tcare\tproviders\tshould\trecommend\tdiet... | [
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0.08021100610494614,
-0.0008... |
reputable\tcompanies.\tThe\tFDA\tdoes\tnot\tpublish\tdata\ton\twhich\tcompanies\tpass\tor\tdo\tnot\tpass\tinspections.\tThis\tinformation\ncan\tonly\tbe\tobtained\tvia\tthe\tFOIA\tor\tby\tlooking\ton\tthe\tFDA\twarning\tletters\tdatabase\tunder\tthe\tcompany\tname.\nEnsuring\tdietary\tsupplement\tsafety | [
0.003776620142161846,
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0.011082370765507221,
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0.09325377643108368,
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0.024690452963113785,
0.09802933037281036,
0.006512358784675598,
0.11361294984817505,
0.0233... |
Ensuring\tdietary\tsupplement\tsafety\nUnder\tDSHEA,\tthe\tFDA\tbears\tthe\tburden\tof\tproving\ta\tsupplement\tis\tunsafe.\tThis\tcan\tbe\ta\tchallenging\ttask\tonce\ta\tproduct\tis\nreleased\tonto\tthe\tmarket.\tTo\tdate,\tonly\ttwo\tdietary\tsupplements\thave\tbeen\tbanned\tby\tthe\tFDA\tover\tsafety\tissues,\t\nEph... | [
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0.11480861902236938,
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0.059506166726350784,
0.05777... |
Ephedra\nsinica\n\tin\t2004,\tand\tdimethylamylamine\t(DMAA)\tin\t2013.\tBoth\thave\tbeen\tlinked\tto\tcardiovascular\ttoxicity\tand\tdeath.\tThe\tmost\ncommon\tsupplements\twith\thealth\n\tand\tsafety\tconcerns\tare\tthose\tused\tfor\tweight\tloss,\tperformance\tenhancement\t(ergogenic\naids),\tand\tsexual\tdysfunctio... | [
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0.0577... |
aids),\tand\tsexual\tdysfunction\t(\nFDA,\t2018\n).\tThese\tsupplements\thave\tthe\thighest\trisk\tof\tcontamination\tand\tadulteration\twith\nunapproved\tdietary\tingredients\tand\tpharmaceutical\tdrugs,\tespecially\twhen\tpurchased\tfrom\tobscure\tretailers\tand\ton\tthe\nInternet.\tInternet\tsales\tof\tdietary\tsupp... | [
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-0.007... |
retail\tmarkets\tand\tis\talso\tthe\thardest\tto\tregulate.\nConsumers\tcan\toften\tfind\tbanned\tsupplements\teasily\ton\tthe\tInternet.\tIn\ta\t2014\tstudy,\tresearchers\tfound\tthat\twhen\tproducts\nare\trecalled\tor\tbanned\tby\tthe\tFDA,\ta\tsignificant\tnumber\tof\tthem\tare\tstill\tavailable\tonline.\tOf\t274\ts... | [
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0.0015247589908540249,
0.05632174387574196,
-0.025... |
between\t2009\tand\t2012,\t85%\tof\tthe\tsports\tsupplements,\t67%\tof\tweight\tloss,\tand\t20%\tof\tsexual\tenhancement\n\tproducts\twere\nstill\tavailable\tand\tstill\tcontained\tthe\tbanned\tingredient\t(\nCohen\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nIn\tDecember\t2006\tthe\tDietary\tSupplement\tand\tNonprescription\tDrug\tConsumer\tP... | [
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0.04762665554881096,
0.0156... |
requiring\tmandatory\treporting\tby\tmanufacturers\tand\tretailers\tof\tknown\tserious\t\nadverse\tevents\t(AEs)\n\trelated\tto\tdietary\nsupplement\tand\tover-the-counter\t(OTC)\tmedications.\tSerious\tAEs\tinclude\ta\tlife-threatening\n\tevent,\tincapacitation, | [
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0.03733354061841965,
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0.040291670709848404,
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-0.06269132345914841,
0.016915107145905495,
0.0703... |
event,\tincapacitation,\nhospitalization,\ta\tbirth\tdefect,\tor\tdeath.\tThese\tmust\tbe\treported\tto\tthe\tFDA\tMedWatch\twebsite\tand\tcan\tbe\tfiled\tby\tan\nindividual,\ta\thealth\tcare\tprovider,\tor\tan\tindustry\trepresentative.\tIn\taddition,\tsupplement\tmanufacturers\tare\trequired\tby\tlaw\tto | [
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0.08528582006692886,
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0.039... |
have\tcontact\tinformation\ton\tsupplement\tbottles.\tAE\treports\tare\tforwarded\tto\tthe\tCenter\tfor\tFood\tSafety\tand\tApplied\nNutrition,\n\twhere\tthey\tare\tfurther\tevaluated\tby\tqualified\treviewers\t(\nFDA,\t2013\n).\tHealth\tcare\tproviders\tand\tconsumers\tare\tnot\nmandatory\treporters\tunder\tthe\tlaw\t... | [
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0.044474221765995026,
0.07414016872644424,
-0.059888407588005066,
0.03968973830342293,
0.025... |
Between\t2008\tand\t2011\tthe\tFDA\tand\tpoison\tcontrol\tcenters\treceived\talmost\t13,000\tAE\treports\trelated\tto\tdietary\nsupplements.\tOf\tthose,\t71%\twere\tconsidered\tserious\tAEs.\tDuring\tthat\tsame\ttime,\tthe\tFDA\tlogged\t2.7\n\tmillion\tadverse\tdrug\nevents,\tof\twhich\t63%\twere\tconsidered\tserious\t... | [
0.019633498042821884,
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0.09445437043905258,
-0.0143... |
).\tThe\t2013\tAnnual\treport\tof\tthe\nAmerican\tPoison\tControl\tCenters\trevealed\t1692\tdeaths\tdue\tto\tdrugs\tand\tzero\tdeaths\tdue\tto\tdietary\tsupplements.\tLess\tthan\n1%\tof\tAmericans\texperience\tAEs\trelated\tto\tdietary\tsupplements\tand\tthe\tmajority\tare\tclassified\tas\tminor\t(\nBrown,\t2017\n).\tI... | [
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0.06044265255331993,
0.11007894575595856,
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0.04888204485177994,
0.023... |
Brown,\t2017\n).\tIt\tis\nestimated\tthat\n\tmany\tAEs\tfrom\ttaking\tsupplements\tare\tnot\tbeing\treported\tor\tare\tnot\tbeing\treported\tcorrectly.\tCommon\nbarriers\tfrom\tconsumers\tinclude\tdownplaying\tthe\tsignificance,\tnot\tknowing\twhere\tor\thow\tto\treport,\tand\tembarrassment. | [
0.024428611621260643,
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0.06005428358912468,
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0.05261298269033432,
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0.028361501172184944,
-0.0010... |
After\tnine\tyears\tof\ttracking\t(2004\tto\t2013),\tthe\tCenters\tfor\tDisease\tControl\tand\tPrevention\t(CDC)\treleased\ta\treport\tindicating\nthat\tan\testimated\t23,000\temergency\tdepartment\tvisits\tper\n\tyear\tcould\tbe\tattributed\tto\tdietary\tsupplements.\tAmong\tyoung | [
0.0015782713890075684,
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0.048660747706890106,
0.12377159297466278,
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0.04588724672794342,
0.00125... |
year\tcould\tbe\tattributed\tto\tdietary\tsupplements.\tAmong\tyoung\nadults\tages\t20\tto\t34,\tthe\tmost\tcommon\tsupplements\tcausing\tAEs\twere\tfor\tweight\tloss\tand\tenergy\t(ergogenic\taids)\tand\tthe\nmost\tcommon\tsymptoms\twere\ttachycardia,\tchest\tpain,\tand\tpalpitations.\tFor\tadults\t65\tand\tolder,\tAE... | [
-0.004618254955857992,
0.00023213576059788465,
0.08619613200426102,
-0.006833938881754875,
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0.10596995800733566,
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0.0333639457821846,
0.09521395713090897,
-0.05229170620441437,
0.059639912098646164,
-0.0... |
choking\ton\tmicronutrient\tpills.\tTwenty\tpercent\tof\tdietary\tsupplement\trelated\temergency\tvisits\n\twere\tfor\tunsupervised\tchildren\nwho\tingested\tdietary\tsupplements\t(\nGeller\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\tHealth\tcare\tproviders\twho\twish\tto\tstay\tabreast\tof\talerts\tfrom\tthe\tFDA | [
0.012341654859483242,
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0.05181196331977844,
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0.005521202459931374,
0.08057709783315659,
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0.04092063754796982,
0.10990449041128159,
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0.05748329311609268,
0.018427... |
can\tsubscribe\tto\tthe\tMedWatch\temail\tlist\ton\tthe\tFDA\twebsite.\tThe\tODS\twebsite\tis\tanother\tresource\tfor\tinformation\tabout\ncurrent\twarnings\tand\trecalls\tas\twell\tas\tconsumer\ttips\tfor\tbuying\tand\ttaking\tdietary\tsupplements\tsafely.\nBotanical\tsupplements\n\tare\tincreasing\tin\tpopularity,\ta... | [
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0.14743690192699432,
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0.06187641620635986,
0.0892234593629837,
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0.06766878813505173,
0.023... |
in\tcombination\tproducts\tand\tin\tconcentrated\tform.\tMost\tof\tthe\tcommon\therbs\tused\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates\tdo\tnot\tpose\ta\tgreat\nrisk\tfor\ta\t\ndrug\tnutrient\tinteraction\t(DNI)\n.\tOf\tthe\therbs\tmost\tcommonly\tused,\tSt.\tJohn’s\twort\tis\tthe\tmost\tproblematic\tand\nhas\tbeen\tshown\tto\treduce\te... | [
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-0.06855458766222,
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0.07698454707860947,
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0.06019267812371254,
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0.0459093414247036,
0.04975555... |
has\tbeen\tshown\tto\treduce\tefficacy\tof\tmany\tdrugs,\tincluding\n\tantiretrovirals\tfor\tHIV,\tantirejection\tmedications\tfor\torgan\ntransplants,\toral\tcontraceptives,\tcardiac\tmedications,\tchemotherapy,\tand\tcholesterol\tmedications.\tTwo\tother\therbs\thave\tbeen\nshown\tto\thave\ta\thigh\trisk\tfor\tDNI,\t... | [
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0.04447605088353157,
0.07529988884925842,
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0.04494299739599228,
0.01... |
Hydrastis\tcanadensis\n)\tand\tblack\tpepper\t(\nPiper\tnigrum\n),\talthough\nblack\tpepper\tis\tonly\ta\tproblem\tin\tsupplemental\tform\tand\tnot\tin\tamounts\tcommonly\tfound\tin\tfood\n\t(\nGurley\tet\tal,\t2012\n). | [
-0.0074546122923493385,
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0.07112468779087067,
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0.006202679593116045,
0.08178730309009552,
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0.05118369683623314,
0.05957142263650894,
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... |
In\trecent\tyears\tthe\tODS\thas\tworked\tcollaboratively\twith\tseveral\torganizations\tand\texperts\tto\tdevelop\ta\t\nDietary\nSupplement\tLabel\tDatabase\n\tof\tdietary\tsupplements\tused\tin\tthe\tUnited\tStates.\tBecause\tthe\tdatabase\tprovides\tspecific\ninformation\ton\tthe\tnutrient,\therbal,\tor\tother\tcons... | [
0.044067032635211945,
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0.0330677330493927,
-0.06629302352666855,
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0.010726584121584892,
0.08230491727590561,
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0.06417972594499588,
0.1132291629910469,
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0.0906287357211113,
-0.0046773... |
accurately\tthe\tappropriate\n\tuse\tof\tselect\tsupplements\tby\ttheir\tpatients\t(\nFig.\t11.3\n).\tThe\tdatabase\tincludes\tdietary\tsupplement\nlabel\tinformation\tfor\tmore\tthan\t76,000\tdietary\tsupplement\tproducts,\tincluding\tthe\tingredients,\tdaily\tvalues,\tand\tstructure\tand | [
0.006562270689755678,
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0.03499038890004158,
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0.10474743694067001,
0.03473808243870735,
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0.03376799449324608,
0.08998049050569534,
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0.06534081697463989,
0.0174... |
function\tclaims.\tThe\tODS\toffers\tSupplement\tFact\tSheets\tcontaining\tinformation\tabout\tdietary\tsupplements\tthat\tis\tlinked\tto\nPubMed,\tallowing\tclinicians\tand\tconsumers\tto\taccess\n\tto\tpeer-reviewed\tinformation\ton\tuse\tin\thuman\ttrials,\tAEs\tassociated | [
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0.024647261947393417,
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0.001710294047370553,
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0.06088899448513985,
0.08339005708694458,
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0.05996719375252724,
0.002180... |
to\tpeer-reviewed\tinformation\ton\tuse\tin\thuman\ttrials,\tAEs\tassociated\nwith\tuse,\tand\tinformation\tregarding\tthe\tmechanism\tof\taction.\tThe\tNatural\tMedicines\tComprehensive\tDatabase\tand\tConsumer\nLab\t(subscriptions\tneeded)\toffer\tsimilar\tinformation.\nFIG.\t11.3 | [
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0.039500508457422256,
0.0604083351790905,
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0.031058773398399353,
0.01382... |
Lab\t(subscriptions\tneeded)\toffer\tsimilar\tinformation.\nFIG.\t11.3\nUse\tof\tdietary\tsupplementation\tin\tclinical\tpractice\trequires\tuse\tof\ta\tcredible\tresource\tfor\tevaluation\tand\tapplication.\n\tSource:\t\n(From\nThomson\tCA,\tNewton\tT:\tDietary\tsupplements:\tevaluation\tand\tapplication\tin\tclinical... | [
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0.016089672222733498,
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0.05400323495268822,
0.003630160354077816,
0.02403389662504196,
0.0828152671456337,
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0.05003257840871811,
0.0335640... |
Topics\tClin\tNutr\n\t20(1):32,\t2005.\tReprinted\twith\tpermission.)\nThird\tparty\tcertification\nThe\tFDA\tand\tFTC\thave\tprimary\tjurisdiction\tfor\tensuring\tdietary\tsupplements\n\tare\tsafe\tand\tdo\tnot\thave\tmisleading\tadvertising.\nWith\tapproximately\t85,000\tproducts\ton\tthe\tmarket,\tthis\tis\ta\tdaunt... | [
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0.03904018923640251,
0.043048352003097534,
0.03309322148561478,
0.06270239502191544,
0.019... |
randomly,\tit\tis\tnot\teasy\tfor\tconsumers\tto\tknow\twhether\ta\tcompany\tis\ttruly\tfollowing\tGMPs\tand\ttheir\tproducts\tare\tfree\tfrom\nadulteration.\tSeveral\tprivate\tcompanies\toffer\t\nthird\tparty\tcertification\n\tin\tthe\tsupplement\tindustry.\tConsumer\n\tLab\tis\ta\twell- | [
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0.06471680849790573,
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0.13901105523109436,
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0.03081545978784561,
0.05529892072081566,
0.07890878617763519,
-0.059423986822366714,
0.08226043730974197,
0.0270... |
in\tthe\tsupplement\tindustry.\tConsumer\n\tLab\tis\ta\twell-\nknown\tand\taffordable\tsubscription-based\tcompany\tthat\trandomly\tpulls\tsupplements\tfrom\tstore\tshelves\tto\ttest\tthem\tfor\npotency,\tidentity,\tand\tpurity.\tSubscribers\tto\tthe\tConsumer\tLab\twebsite\tare\table\tto\taccess\treports\tthat\trefere... | [
0.0178750678896904,
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0.08076600730419159,
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0.052537210285663605,
0.0719231590628624,
-0.02982725203037262,
0.11101248115301132,
-0.0268802102... |
brands.\tThe\tU.S.\tPharmacopeia\t(USP),\tthe\tNational\tSanitation\tFoundation\t(NSF),\tand\tthe\tTherapeutic\tGoods\tAssociation\n(TGA)\teach\tcertify\tsupplement\n\tcompanies\tfor\tcompliance\twith\tfederal\tGMPs.\tOnce\tverified,\tcompanies\tcan\tdisplay\ta\tstamp\ton | [
-0.020724859088659286,
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0.03479884937405586,
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0.009198582731187344,
0.0918920561671257,
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0.028441453352570534,
0.00... |
their\tsupplement\tlabels\tthat\tsignifies\tthe\tproducts\thave\tbeen\tthird\tparty\tcertified.\tIn\taddition,\tNSF\toffers\ta\t“Certified\tfor\nSport”\tcertification\tfor\tsupplements\tthat\tare\tused\tby\tcompetitive\tathletes\tto\tensure\tthey\tare\tnot\tcontaminated\twith\tillegal\nsubstances.\nThe\t\nCodex\tAlimen... | [
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0.031934984028339386,
0.0755293145775795,
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0.06236334145069122,
0.... |
substances.\nThe\t\nCodex\tAlimentarius\tCommission\t(Codex)\n\tis\tan\tagency\twith\tinternational\tsignificance.\tIt\twas\tcreated\tin\t1963\tby\ttwo\nU.N.\torganizations,\tthe\tFood\tand\tAgriculture\tOrganization\tand\tthe\tWorld\tHealth\tOrganization,\tto\tprotect\tthe\thealth\tof | [
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0.029282595962285995,
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0.01746242865920067,
0.09222755581140518,
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0.025829842314124107,
0.0689883604645729,
0.0785985067486763,
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0.037424... |
consumers\tand\tto\tensure\tfair\tpractices\tin\tinternational\tfood\ttrade.\tCodex\tparticipants\twork\ton\tthe\tdevelopment\tof\tfood\nstandards,\tcodes\tof\tpractice,\tand\tguidelines\tfor\tproducts\tsuch\tas\tdietary\tsupplements.\n\tCodex\tstandards\tand\tguidelines\tare | [
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0.011037757620215416,
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0.010954998433589935,
0.144243061542511,
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0.0283527635037899,
0.010377... |
Codex\tstandards\tand\tguidelines\tare\ndeveloped\tby\tcommittees\tfrom\t180\tmember\tcountries,\twhere\tthey\tvoluntarily\treview\tand\tprovide\tcomments\ton\tstandards\tat\nseveral\tstages\tin\tthe\tdevelopment\tprocess.\nQuality\tissues\tin\tdietary\tsupplements | [
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0.04055287316441536,
0.0001074255706043914,
0.025768816471099854,
0.04... |
Quality\tissues\tin\tdietary\tsupplements\nNot\tall\tdietary\tsupplements\tare\thigh\tquality.\tAs\tdiscussed\tpreviously,\tmany\tmanufacturers\tare\tnot\tin\tfull\tcompliance\twith\nDSHEA,\twhich\tmeans\tmany\tsubstandard\n\tand\tcontaminated\tand\tadulterated\tproducts\tare\ton\tthe\tmarket.\tMany\tof\tthe\tpopular | [
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0.04857352748513222,
0.07138571888208389,
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0.03884793072938919,
0.01... |
brands\tin\thealth\tfood\tstores\tand\tmajor\tretail\toutlets\tare\tlikely\tsafe.\tProducts\tbought\toff\tthe\tInternet\tand\tfrom\tobscure\nretailers\tmay\tbe\tadulterated\tand/or\tmay\tnot\tmeet\tlabel\tclaims.\tWhat\tdetermines\tquality\tin\ta\tsupplement\tmust\tgo\tbeyond\tthe\nsafety\tissues\tto\taddress\tthe\tqua... | [
0.022627556696534157,
-0.030502866953611374,
0.08561180531978607,
-0.034738827496767044,
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0.01137606892734766,
0.10631304234266281,
0.02244597114622593,
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0.04723549261689186,
0.12285725027322769,
-0.036873698234558105,
0.06273110210895538,
-0.00172... |
used.\nQuantity\tof\tingredients\nMany\tMVMs\tcontain\t\nmegadoses\n\tof\tnutrients,\twhich\tgreatly\texceed\tthe\tRDA\tand\tmay\tor\tmay\tnot\tbe\tappropriate\tfor\teach\nindividual\tconsumer.\tSome\tindividuals\tmay\tbenefit\tfrom\thigh\tdoses\tof\tcertain\tnutrients\tbecause\tof\tgenetic\tvariations\tin | [
0.013852993957698345,
-0.07501769810914993,
0.00912259891629219,
0.0016715343808755279,
-0.08197220414876938,
0.031061822548508644,
0.10543553531169891,
-0.01539155188947916,
-0.013409704901278019,
0.057397548109292984,
0.1267131119966507,
-0.016818322241306305,
0.04964437335729599,
0.0300... |
enzyme\tfunction\tor\tother\tpharmacologic\teffects\tof\tmegadoses.\tExamples\tinclude\tincreased\tneed\tfor\tfolate\twith\tan\tMTHFR\ngene\tvariant\n\tor\treduction\tin\ttriglycerides\twith\tmegadoses\tof\tniacin\t(\nAmes\tet\tal,\t2002\n;\t\nBoden\tet\tal,\t2014\n). | [
-0.0414770245552063,
-0.0680881142616272,
0.0009813504293560982,
-0.02500523068010807,
-0.0499260388314724,
0.020463138818740845,
0.07009366899728775,
0.03803183510899544,
-0.007631507236510515,
0.04559115692973137,
0.11190938204526901,
-0.06288110464811325,
-0.012389354407787323,
0.051002... |
Ames\tet\tal,\t2002\n;\t\nBoden\tet\tal,\t2014\n).\nIt\tis\timportant\tto\tassess\tfor\tupper\tlimits,\tespecially\twhen\tpatients\tare\ttaking\tmultiple\tsources\tof\tnutrients.\tMost\twater-\nsoluble\tvitamins\tdo\tnot\thave\tovert\ttoxicity\tat\thigh\tdoses\twith\tthe\texception\tof\tniacin\t(flushing,\tprickly\thea... | [
0.0024642834905534983,
-0.010321423411369324,
0.06342966109514236,
-0.03762645274400711,
-0.08386750519275665,
-0.024863116443157196,
0.07494932413101196,
0.0224026869982481,
0.02187790535390377,
0.03434063494205475,
0.0720076858997345,
-0.02201138436794281,
0.06070272997021675,
0.00159517... |
in\tsome\tpeople)\tand\tpyridoxine\t(reversible\tneuropathy).\n\tFat-soluble\tvitamins\tcan\tbecome\ttoxic\tmore\tquickly,\tsuch\tas\tvitamin\tA\n(hepatotoxicity\tand\tteratogenicity)\tand\tvitamin\tD\t(nephrolithiasis,\tcalcification\tof\tsoft\ttissue).\tOften\tvitamin\tA\tis\tlisted\tin\tits | [
0.027354594320058823,
-0.08344686031341553,
0.05515336990356445,
-0.015146227553486824,
-0.056692250072956085,
-0.0041412049904465675,
0.09754376113414764,
0.06076791137456894,
-0.03038732521235943,
0.05304497852921486,
0.10272771865129471,
-0.023632517084479332,
0.028320234268903732,
0.06... |
provitamin\tform,\tbeta\tcarotene,\twhich\tdoes\tnot\tpose\tthe\tsame\thealth\trisks\tas\tretinol\tat\thigh\tdoses.\nMinerals\tcan\tbecome\ttoxic\tmore\teasily\tthan\tvitamins,\tso\tthey\toften\tare\tnot\tformulated\tusing\tmegadoses.\n\tIn\tsome\tcases,\npeople\tmay\ttake\ta\tmegadose\tof\ta\tmineral\tfor\ta\tlimited\... | [
0.004408559761941433,
-0.0707540437579155,
0.04637869819998741,
-0.037189215421676636,
-0.1092100441455841,
-0.0073211356066167355,
0.10152731835842133,
0.03892688453197479,
-0.0329226516187191,
0.022447627037763596,
0.09076280891895294,
-0.007375422865152359,
0.05650411918759346,
-0.01747... |
important\tto\tcoordinate\tcare\twith\ta\tphysician\twhen\ta\tpatient\tis\ttaking\ta\tmegadose\tof\ta\tmineral.\tAlthough\tit\tis\tnot\ta\tmegadose,\nthe\tFDA\tlimits\tpotassium\tcontent\tin\tdietary\tsupplements\tto\t99\tmg\tbecause\tof\tthe\tprevalence\tof\tchronic\tkidney\tdisease.\tIn\npatients | [
0.03524559736251831,
-0.015174566768109798,
0.05318833887577057,
-0.03911731764674187,
-0.09960824996232986,
0.012116031721234322,
0.10033252835273743,
0.03426193818449974,
-0.02433612570166588,
0.02705281600356102,
0.0920698344707489,
-0.032463084906339645,
0.011506152339279652,
0.0176687... |
patients\n\twith\tend\tstage\tkidney\tdisease,\thigh\tpotassium\tlevels\tcan\tcause\tcardiac\tarrhythmia\tor\tarrest.\nFormulations\nDietary\tsupplements\tcome\tin\tmany\tformulations,\tincluding\tcapsules,\ttablets,\tgels,\tchewables,\tliquids,\tand\tpowders.\tThe\tform | [
-0.02240663394331932,
-0.020255474373698235,
0.05076101794838905,
-0.035419762134552,
-0.15912161767482758,
-0.019515490159392357,
0.08502575755119324,
0.07007071375846863,
-0.010698707774281502,
-0.019108086824417114,
0.03277179226279259,
-0.0023817187175154686,
0.014644593000411987,
0.03... |
a\tconsumer\tselects\thas\tto\tdo\twith\tconvenience,\tpreference,\tand\taffordability.\tSupplement\tpowders\tcan\tbe\tadded\teasily\tto\nfoods\tand\tbeverages,\tbut\tmost\thave\tadded\tsugars\n\tto\tincrease\tpalatability.\tChewable\tand\tliquid\tsupplements\toften\tare\tmissing | [
-0.006077381316572428,
-0.02872176468372345,
0.0456327386200428,
0.002533810446038842,
-0.07981652021408081,
-0.007444358896464109,
0.10521338880062103,
0.003351490944623947,
0.007635026704519987,
0.06750212609767914,
0.0973823145031929,
-0.03201420605182648,
0.031150424852967262,
0.032874... |
multiple\tnutrients\tto\tincrease\ttaste\tappeal,\tso\tit\tis\timportant\tto\tassess\tthe\tlabel\tto\tensure\tit\tmeets\tthe\tpatient’s\tneeds.\nTablets\ttend\tto\tbe\tmore\tcompressed\tthan\tcapsules\tand\trequire\ta\tfewer\tnumber\tof\tpills\tto\tachieve\tthe\toptimal\tdosage.\nCapsules\ttend\tto\tbe\teasier\tto\tswa... | [
0.009682360105216503,
-0.0689086839556694,
0.028803033754229546,
-0.04428906738758087,
-0.15092803537845612,
0.012059161439538002,
0.09042736887931824,
0.056356031447649,
0.022288592532277107,
0.009491227567195892,
0.10115685313940048,
0.004572222474962473,
0.0690666064620018,
0.0190568827... |
capsules\tmay\tnot\tbe\tsuitable\tfor\tvegetarians.\nSome\tcompanies\tmake\tvegetarian\tcapsules\tout\tof\tvegetable\tcellulose\tto\taccommodate\tvegetarian\tconsumers.\tOther\tnutrient\nforms\tthat\tmay\tnot\tbe\tsuitable\tfor\tvegetarian\tclients\tinclude\tcholecalciferol\t(often\tfrom\tfish\toil\tor\tlambswool)\tand... | [
-0.0003623021475505084,
-0.06037880480289459,
0.04295417293906212,
-0.008445137180387974,
-0.10481671243906021,
0.04767611622810364,
0.08606351912021637,
-0.021063055843114853,
-0.013217730447649956,
0.04485098272562027,
0.11714176088571548,
-0.036783140152692795,
0.03603936731815338,
0.02... |
A/retinol\t(also\tusually\tfrom\tfish\toil).\tVegetarian\tformulations\tusually\tcontain\tergocalciferol\tand\tbeta\tcarotene\n\tas\talternatives.\nSome\tmanufacturers\tproduce\tcholecalciferol\tfrom\tlichen\tand\tmushrooms,\twhich\tare\tvegetarian\tsources.\nExcipients\nExcipients | [
0.0001974225597223267,
-0.05426124110817909,
0.05505083128809929,
-0.028623664751648903,
-0.15654467046260834,
0.023295708000659943,
0.1053103432059288,
-0.00589090446010232,
0.042901478707790375,
0.0634409636259079,
0.12247014045715332,
-0.07526722550392151,
0.0005503261345438659,
0.05232... |
Excipients\nExcipients\n\tare\textra\tingredients\tadded\tto\tdietary\tsupplements\tto\tincrease\tbulk,\tmask\t“off\tflavors,”\tadd\tcolor,\tand\timprove\ncompressibility\tand\tflow\tthrough\tmachinery.\tTo\tassess\twhether\ta\tdietary\tsupplement\tis\tright\tfor\tan\tindividual,\tit\tis\timportant\nto\tconsider\tthe | [
0.005773050710558891,
-0.04264691099524498,
0.08967948704957962,
-0.02525250054895878,
-0.07086542993783951,
0.001812222064472735,
0.14103445410728455,
0.0015047859633341432,
0.0028951214626431465,
0.05789055675268173,
0.0889110267162323,
-0.04878496751189232,
0.03596792742609978,
0.021547... |
to\tconsider\tthe\n\tquality\tof\tthe\texcipients\tused.\tSome\tcontain\tallergens\tand/or\tpotentially\tunfavorable\tingredients,\tsuch\tas\nwheat\tstarch,\tlactose,\thydrogenated\toils,\tartificial\tcolors.\tWhen\tchoosing\ta\tdietary\tsupplement,\tit\tis\timportant\tto\tread\tthe\nlabel\tfor\tquantity\tand\tquality\... | [
0.011607580818235874,
-0.030322536826133728,
0.09334372729063034,
0.01186146680265665,
-0.09003553539514542,
0.03241217881441116,
0.09158511459827423,
-0.020988671109080315,
0.013038711622357368,
0.0514075867831707,
0.06585025042295456,
-0.027199704200029373,
0.046394843608140945,
-0.00238... |
Vitamins\nMost\tvitamins\tin\tdietary\tsupplements\tare\tsimilar\tacross\tbrands\twith\tthe\texception\n\tof\tB\n6\n\t(pyridoxine),\tB\n12\n\t(cyanocobalamin),\nfolate\t(folic\tacid),\tand\tvitamin\tE.\tSome\tformulations\tcontain\tactive,\tmethylated,\tor\tphosphorylated\tforms\tof\tthese\tnutrients\nsuch\tas\tin\tact... | [
-0.05228140205144882,
-0.0502789169549942,
-0.018764404579997063,
-0.04328128695487976,
-0.030310392379760742,
0.05802297219634056,
0.03610128536820412,
0.07767675817012787,
-0.04732160642743111,
0.0519675686955452,
0.10402911901473999,
-0.050841256976127625,
0.04788217321038246,
0.0097314... |
such\tas\tin\tactive\tB\n6\n:\tpyridoxal\t5′-phosphate,\tactive\tB\n12\n:\tmethylcobalamin\tor\tadenosylcobalamin,\tand\tactive\tfolate:\nmethyltetrahydrofolate.\tIndividuals\twith\tgenetic\tpolymorphisms,\tnervous\tsystem\tdisorders,\tincreased\toxidative\tstress,\n\tor | [
-0.05667541176080704,
-0.03784263879060745,
-0.021233869716525078,
-0.06883572041988373,
-0.07288947701454163,
0.05906622111797333,
0.0384785421192646,
0.02454857900738716,
0.009681306779384613,
0.052809298038482666,
0.1066993698477745,
-0.07964154332876205,
0.040742989629507065,
0.0383578... |
or\nimpaired\tdigestion\tmay\tbenefit\tfrom\tthe\tincreased\tbioavailability\tof\tthese\tnutrients;\thowever,\tresearch\tis\tlimited\ton\ttheir\nwidespread\tneed\tand\tefficacy.\tIn\taddition,\tthe\tactive\tforms\ttend\tto\tbe\tmore\texpensive\t(\nHead,\t2006\n;\t\nHendren,\t2013\n).\tA\treview | [
-0.006479538045823574,
-0.08427499979734421,
0.036318857222795486,
-0.02445749193429947,
-0.0976128950715065,
0.024554818868637085,
0.07134605944156647,
0.012811078689992428,
0.021336697041988373,
0.02199421636760235,
0.11668159812688828,
-0.0350518636405468,
0.04038017988204956,
-0.022543... |
Head,\t2006\n;\t\nHendren,\t2013\n).\tA\treview\npublished\tin\t2015\trefutes\tthe\tnecessity\tof\tcoenzyme\tforms\tof\tcobalamin,\tfinding\tthat\tall\tforms,\tincluding\tcyanocobalamin\tare\nequally\teffective\tat\n\ttreating\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\t(\nObeid\tet\tal,\t2015\n). | [
-0.05089167505502701,
-0.01955539919435978,
0.03733234480023384,
-0.062138739973306656,
-0.09573676437139511,
0.07084611803293228,
0.05916247144341469,
0.03498654440045357,
0.02612674981355667,
0.04704594984650612,
0.08715219795703888,
-0.07881736010313034,
0.020888056606054306,
-0.0052872... |
treating\tB\n12\n\tdeficiency\t(\nObeid\tet\tal,\t2015\n).\nVitamin\tE\tcan\tbe\tmade\tsynthetically\tor\textracted\tnaturally\tfrom\tsoybean\toil,\tsunflower\toil,\tor\tother\tvegetable\toils.\tNatural\nvitamin\tE\t(d-alpha\ttocopherol)\tis\tmore\texpensive\tbut\thas\ta\tgreater\tbioavailability\tthan\tsynthetic\tvita... | [
-0.07365510612726212,
-0.011423737742006779,
0.058847762644290924,
-0.05513568967580795,
-0.0554807223379612,
-0.005232976749539375,
0.007529877126216888,
0.019675353541970253,
-0.02559097483754158,
0.046316444873809814,
0.10047908127307892,
0.025797629728913307,
0.024717243388295174,
0.03... |
tocopherol)\t(\nLandvik,\t2004\n;\t\nAND,\t2018\n).\tHigh-quality\tvitamin\tE\tproducts\tusually\tcontain\tmixed\ttocopherols\tand\n\ttocotrienols\tin\naddition\tto\tthe\td-alpha\ttocopherol,\twhich\tis\tthought\tto\tmimic\tmore\tclosely\twhat\tone\twould\tget\tfrom\teating\ta\tfood\tsource\tof | [
-0.03806798532605171,
-0.07717453688383102,
0.05379420518875122,
-0.03230224922299385,
-0.025507057085633278,
-0.014754966832697392,
0.0811203196644783,
0.018895281478762627,
-0.018069546669721603,
0.03429742157459259,
0.0895952358841896,
-0.04502430185675621,
0.028983786702156067,
-0.0037... |
vitamin\tE.\tTocotrienols\thave\tbeen\tshown\tto\tpossess\tpotent\tantioxidant\tand\tantiinflammatory\tqualities,\talthough\tdietary\nsources\tsuch\tas\tnuts,\tseeds,\tand\tplant-based\toils\tmay\tbe\tsuperior\tto\tdietary\tsupplements\t(\nPeh\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nMinerals\nChelated\tminerals | [
-0.021604210138320923,
-0.04187755659222603,
0.028430946171283722,
0.007585412357002497,
-0.01874828338623047,
0.051342010498046875,
0.1111966073513031,
0.03292250260710716,
-0.07628489285707474,
0.04806474968791008,
0.0992266908288002,
-0.03811301290988922,
-0.020909469574689865,
-0.02221... |
Peh\tet\tal,\t2016\n).\nMinerals\nChelated\tminerals\n\tbound\tto\tan\tamino\tacid\tor\ta\tKrebs\tcycle\tintermediary\tare\tconsidered\tthe\tmost\teasily\tabsorbed\tform\tof\ta\nmineral\tsupplement,\tespecially\tin\tspecific\tpopulations\tsuch\tas\tolder\tadults,\tpreterm\tinfants,\tpeople\twith\tlow\tstomach\tacid,\ta... | [
0.013183284550905228,
-0.013529474847018719,
0.05741001293063164,
-0.07317612320184708,
-0.06326959282159805,
-0.010261519812047482,
0.11132349818944931,
-0.01748136430978775,
-0.021900519728660583,
0.09246564656496048,
0.13244874775409698,
-0.06646358221769333,
0.053698696196079254,
-0.00... |
those\twith\tcompromised\tdigestion\tincluding\tinflammatory\tbowel\tdisease\t(IBD)\tand\tceliac\tdisease\tbut\tmay\tnot\tbe\tbetter\tthan\nother\tforms\tin\thealthy\tyoung\tpeople\t(\nChermesh\tet\tal,\t2006\n).\tExamples\tof\tchelated\tminerals\tinclude\tcitrate,\tmalate, | [
-0.004919505212455988,
-0.024672534316778183,
0.04116913303732872,
-0.04158664122223854,
-0.06985016167163849,
0.01854557730257511,
0.1061609759926796,
0.03660189360380173,
0.02155819721519947,
0.02338157221674919,
0.0884893611073494,
-0.07481198012828827,
0.03180651739239693,
0.0211581401... |
).\tExamples\tof\tchelated\tminerals\tinclude\tcitrate,\tmalate,\nbisglycinate,\tsuccinate,\taspartate,\tand\tpicolinate.\tChelated\tminerals\tare\tless\tconcentrated\tthat\tionic\tminerals\tand\ttherefore\nmore\tpills\twill\toften\tbe\tneeded\tto\tobtain\tthe\tsame\tdose.\tChelated\tminerals\tcan\talso\tbe\tmore\texpe... | [
0.007058960851281881,
-0.06233948469161987,
0.03821810707449913,
-0.04862334206700325,
-0.11295956373214722,
0.015638113021850586,
0.09523527324199677,
0.008111984468996525,
0.014654011465609074,
0.048557791858911514,
0.0980103462934494,
-0.0677676722407341,
0.05339020490646362,
0.02125724... |
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