| --- |
| license: mit |
| task_categories: |
| - tabular-classification |
| - tabular-regression |
| tags: |
| - healthcare |
| - medicare |
| - open-payments |
| - sunshine-act |
| - pharma |
| - conflicts-of-interest |
| pretty_name: CMS Open Payments (Sunshine Act) Database |
| size_categories: |
| - 100M<n<1B |
| --- |
| |
| # Open Payments Database (CMS Sunshine Act) |
|
|
| Every disclosed industry payment to physicians, non-physician practitioners, |
| and teaching hospitals, program years 2013-2025, as a single queryable |
| DuckDB database. **172,450,995 rows.** |
|
|
| | Table | Description | Rows | Cols | Coverage | |
| |-------|-------------|------|------|----------| |
| | `general_payments` | General (non-research) payments and transfers of value to covered recipients, PY2013-2025 | 148,797,140 | 107 | PY2013 to PY2025 | |
| | `research_payments` | Research payments (wide form, up to 5 principal investigators per record), PY2013-2025 | 10,995,016 | 268 | PY2013 to PY2025 | |
| | `research_payment_investigators` | Long form of research-payment principal investigators: one row per (record, PI slot) | 10,745,869 | 14 | PY2013 to PY2025 | |
| | `covered_recipients` | Covered Recipient Profile Supplement: one row per physician/NPP profile with NPI | 1,697,025 | 32 | all years | |
| | `deleted_records` | Record IDs deleted between publications (PY2016+; earlier years never had these files) | 162,030 | 5 | PY2016 to PY2024 | |
| | `ownership_payments` | Physician ownership and investment interests, PY2013-2025 | 53,915 | 31 | PY2013 to PY2025 | |
|
|
| ## Query it remotely |
|
|
| ```sql |
| INSTALL httpfs; LOAD httpfs; |
| ATTACH 'https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nason/openpayments-database/resolve/main/openpayments.duckdb' |
| AS op (READ_ONLY); |
| |
| SELECT applicable_manufacturer_or_applicable_gpo_making_payment_name AS maker, |
| ROUND(SUM(total_amount_of_payment_usdollars) / 1e6, 1) AS millions |
| FROM op.general_payments |
| WHERE program_year = 2024 |
| GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 2 DESC LIMIT 10; |
| ``` |
|
|
| Joins to the `cms-medicare` datapond database on NPI — see the GitHub README |
| for the worked Open Payments x Medicare utilization example and measured |
| join rates. |
|
|
| Or with the datapond package: `pip install datapond`, then |
| `datapond.connect('openpayments')`. |
|
|
| Build pipeline, per-era column crosswalks, and full documentation: |
| https://github.com/ian-nason/openpayments-database |
|
|
|
|
| # Changelog |
|
|
| ## 2026-07-07 — Initial release |
|
|
| - Program years 2013-2025 from the June 2026 publication plus the frozen |
| archive ZIPs (2013-2018 at their final republications). |
| - 172.5M rows: general_payments 148.8M, research_payments 11.0M (+10.7M-row |
| investigators long table), ownership_payments 54k, covered_recipients |
| 1.7M, deleted_records 162k. |
| - Typed columns (DECIMAL money, DATE dates, VARCHAR identifiers); per-era |
| column crosswalk checked into the repo (Physician_* -> Covered_Recipient_* |
| renames for 2013-2015; pre-2016 product columns kept era-specific). |
| - Validated against CMS published magnitudes (PY2025: $3.9B general + |
| $9.5B research + $0.2B ownership) and recognizable top manufacturers. |
| - Cross-database NPI join to cms-medicare measured and documented (61.6% |
| of PY2023 recipients; 63-83% for physician specialties; dentists ~0% |
| as expected — they don't bill Medicare Part B). |
|
|
