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Snow and ice may also undergo which process where there is intense sunlight, very cold temperatures, and dry winds? | increasefixation | amplification | crystalline | sublimation | Snow and ice may also undergo sublimation under certain conditions. This is most likely to happen where there is intense sunlight, very cold temperatures, and dry winds. These conditions are often found on mountain peaks. As snow sublimates, it gradually shrinks without any runoff of liquid water. At the URL below, you... |
Electromagnets can be controlled by controlling what type of current? | negative | magnetic | positive | electric | Besides their strength, another pro of electromagnets is the ability to control them by controlling the electric current. Turning the current on or off turns the magnetic field on or off. The amount of current flowing through the coil can also be changed to control the strength of the electromagnet. |
The rate of evolution is influenced by the rate of changes to what? | the earth | dna | migration | the environment | The rate of evolution is influenced by how quickly the environment is changing. Long periods of gradual evolutionary change may be interrupted by short bursts of rapid change. |
What do you call a device that produces a very focused beam of visible light of just one wavelength and color? | light meter | optical diffuser | fusion relay | laser | Did you ever see a cat chase after a laser light, like the one in Figure below ? A laser is a device that produces a very focused beam of visible light of just one wavelength and color. Waves of laser light are synchronized so the crests and troughs of the waves line up. The diagram in Figure below shows why a beam of ... |
Bubbles in bread dough are created by what gas produced during alcoholic fermentation? | yeast dioxide | acid dioxide | combustion dioxide | carbon dioxide | In alcoholic fermentation, glycolysis is followed by a step that produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. This step also forms additional molecules of ATP. It occurs in yeast, such as the yeast in bread. Carbon dioxide from alcoholic fermentation creates gas bubbles in bread dough. The bubbles leave little holes in the bre... |
What is the capacity to cause change? | mass | gravity | temperature | energy | |
Ocean currents transfer heat from the equator towards what locations? | east and west | continents | tropical zones | poles | Ocean currents transfer heat from the Equator toward the poles. This moderates Earth's temperature. |
In sexual reproduction, two of what unite to produce an offspring? | chromosomes | DNA strands | spores | gametes | In sexual reproduction, two gametes unite to produce an offspring. Which two gametes is a matter of chance. The union of gametes occurs randomly. |
What are the ends of long bones called? | marrow extension | cartilage | appendage | epiphysis | Long bones ossify and get longer as they grow and develop. These bones grow from their ends, known as the epiphysis, and the presence of a growth plate, or epiphyseal line, signifies that the bone is still growing. |
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through what? | Metal | Solid | tissue | fluid | Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by particles moving through a fluid. Particles transfer energy by moving from warmer to cooler areas. That’s how energy is transferred in the soup in Figure above . Particles of soup near the bottom of the pot get hot first. They have more energy so they spread out and becom... |
What happens when waves reach the shore? | repel and attract | diffuse and recede | surge and drown | topple and break | Figure below shows what happens to waves near shore. As waves move into shallow water, they start to touch the bottom. The base of the waves drag and slow. Soon the waves slow down and pile up. They get steeper and unstable as the top moves faster than the base. When they reach the shore, the waves topple over and brea... |
What is an involuntary muscle contraction that moves rapidly along an organ like a wave called? | esophagus | ruptured nerve | apoptosis | peristalsis | The organs of the GI tract are lined with mucous membranes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients. The organs are also covered by layers of muscle that enable peristalsis. Peristalsis is an involuntary muscle contraction that moves rapidly along an organ like a wave (see Figure below ). You can watch an an... |
What is the purpose of water molds in fresh water environments? | wave production | fish food | oxygen production | decomposition | |
What corrosive substances capable of dissolving many metals can cause contamination if spilled? | ions | salts | bases | acids | Acids can dissolve many metals; a spilled acid can lead to contamination. |
What is always conserved in chemical reactions? | force | energy | bonds | mass | A: All chemical equations must be balanced. This means that there must be the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the arrow. That’s because mass is always conserved in chemical reactions. Count the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms on each side of the arrow. There are two hydrogen atoms in both reactant... |
A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of more than one what? | nucleus | pair bond | neutron | atom | A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of more than one atom. For example, the ammonium ion consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms. Together, they comprise a single ion with a 1+ charge and a formula of NH 4 + . The carbonate ion consists of one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms, and it carries an overall ... |
Mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species that has what effect on both of them? | abnormal | neutral | harmful | beneficial | They live mutualistically with other organisms. Mutualistic fungi live harmlessly with other living organisms. Recall that mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species, in which both individuals benefit. |
What are the structural and functional units of the nervous system, which transmit nerve impulses to other cells? | electrons | axions | ions | neurons | Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axon. Neurons transmit nerve impulses to other cells. Types of neurons include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. |
If hot water becomes trapped, pressure may build up. when the water breaks free, it creates what? | glacier | groundwater | steam | geyser | If hot water becomes trapped, pressure may build up. When the water breaks free, it creates a geyser. |
What electrical force is responsible for fission? | friction | momentum | velocity | repulsion | The strong force predominates and can cause nuclei of complex atoms with many protons to be stable. The electric force of repulsion is responsible for fission, the breaking apart of nuclei, and therefore also for atom bombs and nuclear power. A form of fission where a helium nucleus is a product, is called alpha radiat... |
Which law states that a pair of alleles is separated, or segregated, during the formation of gametes? | separation anxiety | de facto segregation | law of equals | law of segregation | Mendel summarized his findings in two laws: the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. The Law of Segregation is based on his findings from his first set of experiments. Mendel stated that heritable factors are segregated during gamete formation. More precisely, this law states that a pair of alleles... |
Sounds or pictures can be encoded in pulses of what, which are then sent through an optical fiber? | quasars | kinetic energy | microwaves | laser light | Besides entertaining a cat, laser light has many other uses. One use is carrying communication signals in optical fibers. Sounds or pictures are encoded in pulses of laser light, which are then sent through an optical fiber. All of the light reflects off the inside of the fiber, so none of it escapes. As a result, the ... |
What substance are physical objects are made of? | friction | gravity | energy | matter | To understand minerals, we must first understand matter. Matter is the substance that physical objects are made of. |
Why do mangrove trees rise high above the water? which characteristic help them to do so? | no roots | heavy roots | fat roots | stilt like roots | Mangrove roots are like stilts, allowing mangrove trees to rise high above the water. The trunk and leaves are above water even at high tide. A bloodroot plant uses food stored over the winter to grow flowers in the early spring. |
What fertilizes an egg during sexual reproduction? | cytoplasm | gametes | mucus | sperm | Image copyright James Steidl, 2014. During sexual reproduction, a sperm fertilizes an egg . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. |
How does the fungus benefit from the photosynthesizer? | supply of carbon dioxide | shade | protection from chemicals | supply of food | A lichen is an organism that results from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. The other organism is usually a cyanobacterium or green alga. The fungus grows around the bacterial or algal cells. The fungus benefits from the constant supply of food produced by the photosynthesizer. ... |
What is the name for unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond? | enzymes | lipids | acids | alkenes | Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond are called alkenes . The name of a specific alkene always ends in – ene , with a prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms. Figure below shows the structural formula for the smallest alkene. It has just two carbon atoms and is named ethene. Ethene is pro... |
What is the term for a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production? | Adaptive Mechanism | Recondition Mechanism | load mechanism | feedback mechanism | Hormones control many cell activities, so they are very important for homeostasis. But what controls the hormones themselves? Most hormones are regulated by feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production. Most hormone feedback mechanisms involve negative ... |
During what period on earth was coal formed? | Neoproterozoic era | Mesozoic | Neoproterozoic | the carboniferous period | The Carboniferous Period : Next, during the Carboniferous Period (360–290 million years ago), widespread forests of huge plants left massive deposits of carbon that eventually turned to coal. The first amphibians evolved to move out of the water and colonize land, but they had to return to the water to reproduce. Soon ... |
What is the term for the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum? | electricity | chroma | gravity | light | Earth is just a tiny speck in the Universe. Our planet is surrounded by lots of space. Light travels across empty space. Light is the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum . Astronomers use the light and other energy that comes to us to gather information about the Universe. |
Which vertebrates were the first with four limbs? | reptiles | bony fishes | birds | amphibians (or tetrapods) | Amphibians are the first true tetrapods, or vertebrates with four limbs. |
How do plants support themselves above the ground to get light and oxygen? | symbiosis | momentum | flaccid stems | stiff stems | Heat and light are forms of energy. Other forms are chemical and electrical energy. Energy can’t be created or destroyed. It can change form. For example, a piece of wood has chemical energy stored in its molecules. When the wood burns, the chemical energy changes to heat and light energy. |
What process starts with glucose and ends with two pyruvate molecules, a total of four atp molecules and two molecules of nadh? | photosynthesis | secretion | absorption | glycolysis | Outcomes of Glycolysis Glycolysis starts with glucose and ends with two pyruvate molecules, a total of four ATP molecules and two molecules of NADH. Two ATP molecules were used in the first half of the pathway to prepare the six-carbon ring for cleavage, so the cell has a net gain of two ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecu... |
What paired organs help regulate blood pressure through sodium ion and water retention and loss? | lymph nodes | lungs | tissues | kidneys | 25.10 The Urinary System and Homeostasis The effects of failure of parts of the urinary system may range from inconvenient (incontinence) to fatal (loss of filtration and many others). The kidneys catalyze the final reaction in the synthesis of active vitamin D that in turn helps regulate Ca++. The kidney hormone EPO s... |
What is the age-related disorder that causes the gradual loss of bone density and strength? | fibrosis | mitosis | arthritis | osteoporosis | Figure 7.22 Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that causes the gradual loss of bone density and strength. When the thoracic vertebrae are affected, there can be a gradual collapse of the vertebrae. This results in kyphosis, an excessive curvature of the thoracic region. |
What are microfilaments made out of? | two DNA chains | two microscopy chains | two halophilic chains | two actin chains | |
Which bones are the large, curved bones that form the lateral and anterior aspects of the pelvis? | toe | foot | cranium | hip | Hip Bone The hip bone, or coxal bone, forms the pelvic girdle portion of the pelvis. The paired hip bones are the large, curved bones that form the lateral and anterior aspects of the pelvis. Each adult hip bone is formed by three separate bones that fuse together during the late teenage years. These bony components ar... |
What bifurcates into the right and left bronchi in the lungs? | cornea | neck | aorta | trachea | Figure 39.9 The trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi in the lungs. The right lung is made of three lobes and is larger. To accommodate the heart, the left lung is smaller and has only two lobes. |
What is the spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths called? | radiate | condensation | saturation | dispersion | 25.5 Dispersion: The Rainbow and Prisms • The spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths is called dispersion. • Rainbows are produced by a combination of refraction and reflection and involve the dispersion of sunlight into a continuous distribution of colors. • Dispersion produces beautiful rainbo... |
What type of fertilization usually occurs in aquatic environments where both eggs and sperm are released into the water? | Internal | static | material | external | External Fertilization External fertilization usually occurs in aquatic environments where both eggs and sperm are released into the water. After the sperm reaches the egg, fertilization takes place. Most external fertilization happens during the process of spawning where one or several females release their eggs and t... |
What is the energy of motion called? | stasis | inertia | harmonic energy | kinetic energy | According to the kinetic theory, particles of matter are in constant motion. The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. |
Overharvesting is especially challenging for species with what type of habitat? | classified | tundra | allowed | restricted | |
What is a representation of the valence electrons of an atom that uses dots around the symbol of the element? | time structure | watson structure | right structure | lewis structure | In almost all cases, chemical bonds are formed by interactions of valence electrons in atoms. To facilitate our understanding of how valence electrons interact, a simple way of representing those valence electrons would be useful. A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis struc... |
Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macroscopic particles—something we expect, because they are the smallest what? | depth of matter | regiments of matter | battalions of matter | units of matter | 29.4 Photon Momentum Measuring Photon Momentum The quantum of EM radiation we call a photon has properties analogous to those of particles we can see, such as grains of sand. A photon interacts as a unit in collisions or when absorbed, rather than as an extensive wave. Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macr... |
The simplest example of what type of 'organ system' is the gastrovascular cavity found in organisms with only one opening for the process? | nervous | cardiovascular | respiratory | digestive | Invertebrate Digestive Systems Animals have evolved different types of digestive systems to aid in the digestion of the different foods they consume. The simplest example is that of a gastrovascular cavity and is found in organisms with only one opening for digestion. Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Ctenophora (comb jelli... |
Photographs of the heat emitted by an object are called what? | cosmic images | radio images | variable images | thermal images | |
Graphite is a form of elemental carbon what is another form? | iron | carbonite | magnite | diamond | Graphite and diamond are two forms of elemental carbon. Write the equilibrium equation between these two forms in two different ways. |
If everything else stays the same in a system with a gas in it, and the gas gets warmer, what will happen to its pressure, generally? | it's eliminated | it drops | it stays the same | it increases | Why does the pressure of a gas increase as it gets warmer? Particles of a gas are constantly moving and bumping into things. The force of the collisions is measured by pressure. Pressure is the amount of force exerted on a given area, such as pounds of force per square inch. When gas particles heat up and gain energy, ... |
What term means a failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system, which may be acquired or inherited? | vitamin deficiency | anemia | pathogenic | immunodeficiency | Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency is a failure, insufficiency, or delay in the response of the immune system, which may be acquired or inherited. Immunodeficiency can allow pathogens or tumor cells to gain a foothold and replicate or proliferate to high enough levels so that the immune system becomes overwhelmed. Immun... |
The mature pollen grain is composed of two cells: the pollen tube cell and which other cell? | photosynthesis cell | ova | glial cell | generative cell | Figure 32.7 Pollen develops from the microspore mother cells. The mature pollen grain is composed of two cells: the pollen tube cell and the generative cell, which is inside the tube cell. The pollen grain has two coverings: an inner layer (intine) and an outer layer (exine). The inset scanning electron micrograph show... |
The neck of the uterus, called the cervix, opens into what? | retina | bladder | testicle | vagina | |
Where does the small intestine begin? | spleen | mouth | colon | stomach | The small intestine a is narrow tube that starts at the stomach and ends at the large intestine ( Figure above ). In adults, the small intestine is about 23 feet long. Chemical digestion takes place in the first part of the small intestine. Many enzymes and other chemicals are secreted here. The small intestine is also... |
What type of shape does a pelvic inlet have? | conical | cylindrical | cubic | oval shape | Pelvic inlet has a round or oval shape. |
Which stage of life is typically easier for learning multiple languages? | adulthood | adolescenc | infancy | childhood | |
What is released from the body during ejaculation? | blood | saliva | urine | sperm | Sperm are released from the body during ejaculation . Ejaculation occurs when muscle contractions propel sperm from the epididymis. The sperm are forced through the ducts and out of the body through the urethra. As sperm travel through the ducts, they mix with fluids from the glands to form semen. Hundreds of millions ... |
An organism's unique role in the ecosystem is called its what? | purpose | focus | adaptation | niche | Are you on the basketball team? Are you a cheerleader? Do you play an instrument in the band? Your niche would be your role or place in the school. Organisms also each have their own niche in the ecosystem. Is an organism a producer or a consumer? How does the organism interact with other organisms? Is the organism inv... |
With the exception of water, what accounts for more mass than any other component of living organisms? | fats | hormones | nervous tissue | proteins | 9.4 | Translation By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the different steps in protein synthesis • Discuss the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis • Describe the genetic code and how the nucleotide sequence determines the amino acid and the protein sequence The synthesis of proteins is one of a... |
Atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged during what? | physical reactions | spontaneous mutation | radiation | chemical reactions | In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. |
How many electrons does lithium have? | two | four | seven | three | |
What is considered the center of the solar system? | heat | nebulla | earth | sun | Today we know that we have eight planets, five dwarf planets, over 165 moons, and many, many asteroids and other small objects in our solar system. We also know that the Sun is not the center of the universe. But it is the center of the solar system. |
What is the purpose of your body's first line of defense? | heal wounds | reject foreign bodies | fight or flight | to keep out pathogens | Your body’s first line of defense is like a castle’s moat and walls. It keeps most pathogens out of your body. The first line of defense includes physical, chemical, and biological barriers. |
What functions as a framework that reinforces the shape of the leaf? | the stylised structure | the normal structure | the central structure | the vascular structure | |
Like quarks, gluons may be confined to systems having a total color of what? | red | yellow | blue | white | Gluons ( g ) are the proposed carrier particles for the strong nuclear force, although they are not directly observed. Like quarks, gluons may be confined to systems having a total color of white. Less is known about gluons than the fact that they are the carriers of the weak and certainly of the electromagnetic force.... |
The ozone layer protects the earth from what? | radio waves | pollution | light waves | uv radiation | Plants maintain the atmosphere. They produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms. It also maintains the ozone layer that helps protect Earth’s life from damaging UV radiation. Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere reduces... |
What type of learning is based on past experience and reasoning? | reflect | experiment | theory | insight | Insight learning , which is based on past experience and reasoning, is a hallmark of the human animal. Humans have used insight learning to solve problems ranging from starting a fire to traveling to the moon. It usually involves coming up with new ways to solve problems. Insight learning generally happens quickly. An ... |
What type of energy from a warm cola results in melting when it is transferred to the much colder ice? | cyclic energy | protective energy | gaseous energy | thermal energy | How do you cool down a glass of room-temperature cola? You probably add ice cubes to it, as in the Figure below . You might think that the ice cools down the cola, but in fact, it works the other way around. The warm cola heats up the ice. Thermal energy from the warm cola is transferred to the much colder ice, causing... |
What is the term for a connection between a neuron and its target cell? | impulse | dendrite | axon | synapse | Figure 12.27 The Synapse The synapse is a connection between a neuron and its target cell (which is not necessarily a neuron). The presynaptic element is the synaptic end bulb of the axon where Ca2+ enters the bulb to cause vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic c... |
What does the slope of a position-time graph represent? | acceleration | trajectory | direction | velocity | The slope of a position-time graph represents velocity. The steeper the slope is, the faster the motion is changing. |
What effect causes an object to appear to have a change of motion? | centrifugal effect | momentum effect | resonant effect | coriolis effect | Coriolis is an effect rather than a force. Coriolis does not force a motion. An object appears to have a change of motion due to the Coriolis effect. |
A carcinogen is nything in the environment that can cause what disease? | diabetes | glaucoma | alzheimers | cancer | Some mutations that lead to cancer may be inherited. However, most of the mutations are caused by environmental factors. Anything in the environment that can cause cancer is called a carcinogen. Common carcinogens include certain chemicals and some types of radiation. |
What does the blue color of the pulmonary arteries reflect? | they are done | they are lost | they are oxygenated | they are deoxygenated | Figure 16.12 The arteries of the body, indicated in red, start at the aortic arch and branch to supply the organs and muscles of the body with oxygenated blood. The veins of the body, indicated in blue, return blood to the heart. The pulmonary arteries are blue to reflect the fact that they are deoxygenated, and the pu... |
The trade winds are nearest what? | inland | boundary plates | poles | equator | The wind belts have names. The Trade Winds are nearest the equator. The next belt is the westerlies. Finally are the polar easterlies. The names are the same in both hemispheres. |
Digestion of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine produces glucose and other? | fat | nitrates | protein | monosaccharides | Digestion of polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine produces glucose and other monosaccharides. |
What is the term for the smallest blood vessels? | arteries | muscles | Aortas | capillaries | Capillaries are the smallest type of blood vessels. They connect the smallest arteries (arterioles) and veins (venules). Exchange of substances between cells and the blood takes place across the walls of capillaries, which may be only one cell thick. |
In what type of body of water is most of the earth's water located? | seas | streams | rivers | oceans | Most of Earth’s water is salt water in the oceans. As seen below, only 3 percent of Earth’s water is fresh ( Figure below ). Freshwater is water that contains little or no dissolved salt. Most freshwater is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. Glaciers cover the peaks of some tall mountains. For example, the Cascades Mount... |
What is one problem with current methods of aluminum production? | recycling is cheap | food shortages | competition | environmental contaminants | One problem with current methods of aluminum production is the generation of environmental contaminants. Hydrogen fluoride gas is an extremely corrosive and toxic byproduct that must be trapped and neutralized. Other fluorides and metals contaminants can also pollute water, soil, and air if not carefully managed. |
What makes the earth habitable for humans? | availability of water | carbonate of water | aridity of water | abundance of water | |
Which kind of flowers carry both male and female floral organs? | Upward Flowers | creating flowers | stunning flowers | perfect flowers | Figure 14.25 This image depicts the structure of a perfect and complete flower. Perfect flowers carry both male and female floral organs. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal). |
Historically, certain bacteriophages have also been used as cloning vectors for making what? | ultraviolet libraries | specific libraries | diverse libraries | genomic libraries | |
An allele is an alternative form of what structure? | protein | amino acid | enzyme | gene | You have learned that an allele is an alternative form of a gene. Most, if not all genes have alternative forms causing the resulting protein to function slightly differently. But are there alleles that cause proteins to function dramatically differently or not function at all? A mutation is a change in the DNA or RNA ... |
All photosynthetic organisms contain a pigment called what? | sodium | Fiber | carbonate | chlorophyll | Understanding Pigments Different kinds of pigments exist, and each absorbs only certain wavelengths (colors) of visible light. Pigments reflect the color of the wavelengths that they cannot absorb. All photosynthetic organisms contain a pigment called chlorophyll a, which humans see as the common green color associated... |
Mammals may either be herbivores, omnivores or what else? | neither | carnivores | polyvores | herbivores | Mammals may be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. They have four types of teeth, so they can eat a wide range of foods. |
What phenomenon sometimes causes harmful alleles to become fixed? | spontaneous mutation | natural selection | competition | genetic drift | |
How do you determine the atomic weight of an element? | divide protons and neutrons | multiply protons and neutrons | subtract protons from electrons | add up protons and neutrons | The atomic weight of an element is a weighted average of its isotopes. |
Sodium and chlorine combine to make what? | iron | gold | seawater | salt | Sodium is a highly reactive metal, and chlorine is a poisonous gas (see Figure below ). The compound they synthesize has very different properties. It is table salt, which is neither reactive nor poisonous. In fact, salt is a necessary component of the human diet. |
What can bacterial stis be cured with? | antiviral drugs | antioxidants | pesticides | antibiotics | Most STIs are caused by bacteria or viruses. Several of them are described below. Bacterial STIs can be cured with antibiotics. Viral STIs cannot be cured. Once you are infected with a viral STI, you are likely to be infected for life. |
What do bees do for flowering plants? | feed | eat | create | pollinate | Thomas Quine (Flickr:quinet). Bees are important pollinators of flowering plants . CC BY 2.0. |
Where do streams often start? | plains | valleys | oceans | mountains | Streams often start in mountains, where the land is very steep. You can see an example in Figure below . A mountain stream flows very quickly because of the steep slope. This causes a lot of erosion and very little deposition. The rapidly falling water digs down into the stream bed and makes it deeper. It carves a narr... |
Deletions remove one or more what from the dna? | genes | codons | exons | nucleotides | Similar to chromosomal alteration mutations, deletion or insertion mutations add or remove genetic information. Small deletions or insertions in the DNA will alter the reading frame. Deletions remove one or more nucleotides from the DNA, whereas insertions add one or more nucleotides into the DNA. These mutations in th... |
For geneticists, the findings of what massive undertaking are significant in determining disease-causing alleles? | human organisms project | human produce project | Visible Human Project | human genome project | Understanding and curing genetic diseases is the ultimate goal of human geneticists. As discussed in the Human Genetics: Diagnosis and Treatment (Advanced) concept, gene therapy is the insertion of a new gene into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat a disease, replacing a mutant disease-causing allele with a nor... |
Does deforestation increase or decrease carbon dioxide levels around the world? | decrease | accelerate | eliminate | increase | Jami Dwyer. Deforestation creates significant increases in carbon dioxide levels around the world . Public Domain. |
Which material used in oxyacetylene torches helps cut and weld metals? | dioxide | carbon | sulfur | acetylene | Note Acetylene is used in oxyacetylene torches for cutting and welding metals. The flame from such a torch can be very hot. Most acetylene, however, is converted to chemical intermediates that are used to make vinyl and acrylic plastics, fibers, resins, and a variety of other products. |
Peroxisomes perform a couple of different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. in contrast to the digestive enzymes found in lysosomes, the enzymes within peroxisomes serve to transfer hydrogen atoms from various molecules to oxygen, producing what? | hydrogen | calcium | water | hydrogen peroxide | Peroxisomes Like lysosomes, a peroxisome is a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes (Figure 3.17). Peroxisomes perform a couple of different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. In contrast to the digestive enzymes found in lysosomes, the enzymes within peroxisomes... |
Ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, absciscic acid, and auxins are examples of what? | animal hormones | insect hormones | animal proteins | plant hormones | Plant hormones include ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins, absciscic acid, and auxins. |
What are some uses of chlorine gas? | rooting plant cuttings | washing hands | fueling airplanes | cleaning, disinfecting and in swimming pools | You may be able to avoid some of the health effects of outdoor air pollution by staying indoors on high-pollution days. However, some indoor air is just as polluted as outdoor air. |
Designed to exchange materials, what spongy structure consists of membranes and blood vessels from both mother and embryo? | umbilicus | endometrium | uterus | placenta | The placenta is a spongy structure. It consists of membranes and blood vessels from both mother and embryo (see Figure below ). The placenta passes oxygen, nutrients, and other useful substances from the mother to the fetus. It also passes carbon dioxide and other wastes from the fetus to the mother. The placenta lets ... |
Even though tellurium does indeed have a greater average atomic mass than iodine, it is properly placed before iodine in the? | cycles table | theory table | phases table | periodic table | When ordered by atomic number, the discrepancies within Mendeleev’s table disappeared. Tellurium has an atomic number of 52, while iodine has an atomic number of 53. Even though tellurium does indeed have a greater average atomic mass than iodine, it is properly placed before iodine in the periodic table. Mendeleev and... |
In a fullerene, what atoms are bonded to three other atoms in a soccer ball pattern? | positive | hydrogen | oxygen | carbon | In a fullerene, carbon atoms are bonded to three other atoms in a soccer ball pattern. The bonds are weak, so fullerenes can dissolve and form solutions. |
What do you call the light particles that travel through the radiative zone? | electrons | neutrons | ions | photons | The radiative zone is the next layer out. It has a temperature of about 4 million degrees C. Energy from the core travels through the radiative zone. The rate the energy travels is extremely slow. Light particles, called photons, can only travel a few millimeters before they hit another particle. The particles are abso... |
What is a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal? | TNT | gasoline | cyanide | gunpowder | Nitrates, salts of nitric acid, form when metals, oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates react with nitric acid. Most nitrates are soluble in water; indeed, one of the significant uses of nitric acid is to prepare soluble metal nitrates. Nitric acid finds extensive use in the laboratory and in chemical industries as a stron... |
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