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Which effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle?	centrifugal effect	axial tilt	Lake Effect	coriolis effect	Mid-latitude cyclones form at the polar front. Two very different air masses blow past each other in opposite directions. The Coriolis effect causes winds to strike the polar front at an angle. Warm and cold fronts form next to each other.
Birds evolved from what type of ancestor?	fish	apes	insect	reptile	Birds evolved from a reptile ancestor, but modern birds and reptiles are very different. Birds are now the most numerous four-limbed reptiles on Earth.
Which blood cells serve to defend the body in various ways?	red blood cells	helper blood cells	blue blood cells	white blood cells	White blood cells are larger than red blood cells, but there are far fewer of them. Their role is to defend the body in various ways. For example, white blood cells called phagocytes engulf and destroy microorganisms and debris in the blood.
Eutherian mammals possess a specialized structure called the corpus callosum that links what hemispheres?	spatial	cortical	appendages	cerebral	possess a single, undivided lobe. Eutherian mammals also possess a specialized structure that links the two cerebral hemispheres, called the corpus callosum.
Which part of the brain secretes hormones that tell the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones?	thalamus	cerebrum	hippocampus	hypothalamus	The hypothalamus is actually part of the brain (see Figure below ), but it also secretes hormones . Some of its hormones “tell” the pituitary gland either to secrete or to stop secreting its hormones. In this way, the hypothalamus provides a link between the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus also produces...
Most reptile eggs can be laid on land, not in water and they are called what?	Transitional	aqueous	umbilical	amniotic	Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. Their eggs are amniotic, so they can be laid on land instead of in water. Reptiles do not have a larval stage, and their hatchlings are relatively mature. Reptile parents provide little if any care to their young.
What do you call a small whole number placed in front of a formula in an equation in order to balance it?	function	correlation	divisible	coefficient	A coefficient is a small whole number placed in front of a formula in an equation in order to balance it. The 2 in front of the H 2 means that there are a total of atoms of hydrogen as reactants. Visually, the reaction looks like the Figure below .
Because the earth is covered with vegetation, cellulose is the most abundant of all what?	rocks	impurities	vegetables	carbohydrates	Cellulose Cellulose, a fibrous carbohydrate found in all plants, is the structural component of plant cell walls. Because the earth is covered with vegetation, cellulose is the most abundant of all carbohydrates, accounting for over 50% of all the carbon found in the vegetable kingdom. Cotton fibrils and filter paper a...
The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic what?	absorption	evaporation	convection	radiation	The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation.
What term means the amount of space matter takes up?	mass	weight	density	volume	The amount of space matter takes up is its volume . How the volume of matter is measured depends on its state.
All of the stages that a cell goes through make up what?	photosynthesis	glycolysis	cytokineses	the cell cycle	Cell division is just one of the stages that a cell goes through during its lifetime. All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the cell cycle .
What term is used to describe birds that mate for an entire season or even stay paired for their entire life?	homogeneous	asexual	polygamous	monogamous	These birds are pairing up so that they can produce offspring. Many birds are monogamous , keeping the same mate for an entire season. In some species, they even stay paired for their entire life.
What branch of science offers an overview of the physiology of humans?	engineer	marine biology	geology	human biology	Human Biology provides an overview of the physiology of humans, from the skin inward. In addition to the skin, the skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, immune, and reproductive systems are described.
In atherosclerosis, thickening of an arterial wall due to this can restrict blood flow through the artery?	digestion	low blood pressure	high blood pressure	plaque formation
Moist skin distinguishes frogs from what animal with dry, bumpy skin?	newts	turtles	snakes	toads	Although there is actually little difference between toads and frogs, this animal would most often be called a toad. Frogs have moist skin, while toads have dry, bumpy skin.
Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is what?	this obvious	become obvious	very obvious	not obvious	Scientists perform experiments to test their hypotheses because sometimes the nature of natural universe is not obvious.
What is the term for movement toward light?	autolysis	phototropism	gravitational pull	phototaxis	Motility The majority of protists are motile, but different types of protists have evolved varied modes of movement (Figure 23.8). Some protists have one or more flagella, which they rotate or whip. Others are covered in rows or tufts of tiny cilia that they coordinately beat to swim. Still others form cytoplasmic exte...
Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; which has the lowest?	thermal	kinetic	nuclear	infrared	Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; infrared the lowest.
What kind of proteins either activate or deactivate the transcription of other genes?	master complex proteins	carbon proteins	perfect regulatory proteins	master regulatory proteins	What makes the heart form during development? What makes the skin form? What makes a structure become an arm instead of a leg? These processes occur during development because of a highly specific pattern of gene expression. This intensely regulated pattern of gene expression turns genes on in the right cell at the rig...
What occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin?	colitis	hepatitis	anemia	diabetes	Diabetes is another type of noninfectious disease. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin or else the body’s cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the blood.
According to the octet rule, magnesium is unstable because its valence shell has just two of what?	protons	quarks	neutrons	electrons	Chapter 2 1 The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 3 The water hydrolyses, or breaks, the glycosidic bond, forming two monosaccharides. 4 D 6 A 8 B 10 C 12 B 14 A 16 C 18 A 20 B 22 D 24 B 26 A 28 B 30 D 32 B 33 These four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—to...
What make distant objects appear both nearer and larger?	lasers	astrolabes	mirrors	telescopes	Telescopes make distant objects appear both nearer and larger. You can see many more stars through a telescope than with the unaided eye.
The atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, which exerts a certain pressure referred to as what?	nitrogen pressure	gravity pressure	tidal pressure	atmospheric pressure	Gas Laws and Air Composition Gas molecules exert force on the surfaces with which they are in contact; this force is called pressure. In natural systems, gases are normally present as a mixture of different types of molecules. For example, the atmosphere consists of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gaseous m...
What is the oxygen-storing protein found in diving mammals' muscles called?	pheromone	pigment	hemoglobin	myoglobin
The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what?	molecules	ions	quarks	atoms	The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of atoms.
Pressure has a significant effect on the solubility of what state of matter?	water	mixtures	solids	gases	Pressure has very little effect on the solubility of solids or liquids, but has a significant effect on the solubility of gases. Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of a gas above the liquid increases. Suppose a certain volume of water is in a closed container with the space above it occupied by carbon dio...
The site of some nutrient absorption, the ileum is the third part of what digestive organ?	rectum	stomach	large intestine	small intestine	The ileum is the third part of the small intestine. A few remaining nutrients are absorbed here. Like the jejunum, the inner surface of the ileum is covered with villi that increase the surface area for absorption.
If both atoms are the same, they have the same electronegativity and share what type of bond?	isotopic covalent	metabolic	ionic	nonpolar covalent
What forms when oceanic crust subducts into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries?	coral	tsunamis	glaciers	volcanic mountain ranges	Volcanic mountain ranges form when oceanic crust subducts into the mantle at convergent plate boundaries. The Andes Mountains are a chain of coastal volcanic mountains. They are forming as the Nazca plate subducts beneath the South American plate ( Figure below ).
The skin plays an important role in preventing the escape of what commonly found liquid from the body?	urine	hormones	stomach acid	water	The skin has multiple roles in the body. Many of these roles are related to homeostasis. The skin’s main functions are preventing water loss from the body and serving as a barrier to the entry of microorganisms. In addition, melanin in the skin blocks UV light and protects deeper layers from its damaging effects.
Which area of the human heart pumps the blood to the right ventricle?	left ventricle	left atrium	true atrium	right atrium	Blood from the body enters the right atrium of the heart. The right atrium pumps the blood to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs.
What moves sediments after they have formed?	perspiration	photosynthesis	migration	erosion	Erosion moves sediments after they have formed. The sediments are transported away from the place where they form. There are several agents of erosion. Flowing water moves and deposits sediments. Water erodes far more material than any other erosional agent. Wind is important as an agent of erosion. This is especially ...
What involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another?	enthalpy	spontaneous mutation	atomic transformation	radioactive decay	Radioactive decay involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another. In most instances, the atom changes its identity to become a new element. There are four different types of emissions that occur.
Certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of this?	nutrients	carbonate	fiber	cellulose	Protists do not create food sources only for sea-dwelling organisms. For instance, certain anaerobic parabasalid species exist in the digestive tracts of termites and wood-eating cockroaches, where they contribute an essential step in the digestion of cellulose ingested by these insects as they bore through wood.
What do you call a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same function?	organ system	nucleus	molecule	tissue	Specialized cells may be organized into tissues. A tissue is a group of cells of the same kind that performs the same function. For example, muscle cells are organized into muscle tissue. The function of muscle tissue is to contract in order to move the body or its parts.
What is the name of a reactant in an enzymatic reaction?	tissues	membrane	Scar	substrate	Proteins Function as Enzymes If you were trying to type a paper, and every time you hit a key on your laptop there was a delay of six or seven minutes before you got a response, you would probably get a new laptop. In a similar way, without enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional. ...
The ideal gas law is used like any other gas law, with attention paid to the unit and making sure that temperature is expressed in kelvin. however, the ideal gas law does not require a change in the conditions of a gas sample. the ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical properties of a gas, you...	unrelated	second	third	fourth	The ideal gas law is used like any other gas law, with attention paid to the unit and making sure that temperature is expressed in Kelvin. However, the ideal gas law does not require a change in the conditions of a gas sample. The ideal gas law implies that if you know any three of the physical properties of a gas, you...
What is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, making a single product?	single reaction	complete reaction	homeostasis	an addition reaction	An addition reaction is a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, making a single product . An addition reaction can be thought of as adding a molecule across the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne. Addition reactions are useful ways to introduce a new functional group into ...
What is the main problem in both types of diabetes?	blood pressure	metabolism	blood concentration	insulin production	Diabetes is a disease in which insulin fails to keep blood glucose levels within a healthy range. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin. In type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond normally to insulin.
The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what?	magnetism	cell division	sexual reproduction	aerobic respiration	The structure of a mitochondrion is defined by an inner and outer membrane. This structure plays an important role in aerobic respiration.
Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate what distances?	perpendicular	diagonal	vertical	horizontal	Topographic maps have a horizontal scale to indicate horizontal distances.
What can occur when one end of a small diameter tube is immersed in liquid?	thermal action	diffusion action	transfusion action	capillary action	Towels soak up liquids like water because the fibers of a towel are made of molecules that are attracted to water molecules. Most cloth towels are made of cotton, and paper towels are generally made from paper pulp. Both consist of long molecules of cellulose that contain many −OH groups. Water molecules are attracted ...
What kind of system do echinoderms possess?	photosynthetic	primitive respiratory	autonomic nerous system	water-based circulatory	15.5 Echinoderms and Chordates Echinoderms are deuterostome marine organisms. This phylum of animals bear a calcareous endoskeleton composed of ossicles covered by a spiny skin. Echinoderms possess a water-based circulatory system. The madreporite is the point of entry and exit for water for the water vascular system. ...
Fossils provide a window into the past. they are evidence for what?	generation	emergence	intelligent design	evolution	Fossils provide a window into the past. They are evidence for evolution.
Dominant alleles rarely cause what type of disorders, since the mutant allele is likely to die out of the population?	cancers	mutations	sex-linked disorders	genetic disorders	Few genetic disorders are controlled by dominant alleles. A mutant dominant allele is expressed in every individual who inherits even one copy of it. If it causes a serious disorder, affected people may die young and fail to reproduce. Therefore, the mutant dominant allele is likely to die out of the population.
Near-earth asteroids cross paths with earth, meaning they could collide; what are the paths called?	galaxies	trajectory	curves	orbits	Near-Earth asteroids have orbits that cross Earth’s orbit. This means that they can collide with Earth. There are over 4,500 known near-Earth asteroids. Small asteroids do sometimes collide with Earth. An asteroid about 5–10 m in diameter hits about once per year. Five hundred to a thousand of the known near-Earth aste...
Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates?	kidneys	lungs	hearts	brains	Primates tend to have bigger brains for their body size than other mammals. This is reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors.
This inverse relationship between solubility and temperature can be understood by looking at a what?	potassium model	nutrient model	a slide	molecular model	This inverse relationship between solubility and temperature can be understood by looking at a molecular model. Recall that higher temperatures are associated with faster particles. Gas particles are held in solution by attractive interactions with the solvent molecules. If the particles are moving slowly, these attrac...
Energy from sunlight enters many ecosystems through what process?	isolation	multiplication	reproduction	photosynthesis	Ecosystems need energy. Many ecosystems get their energy in the form of sunlight, which enters the ecosystem through photosynthesis . This energy then flows through the ecosystem, passed from producers to consumers . Plants are producers in many ecosystems. Energy flows from plants to the herbivores that eat the plants...
What is the world’s most serious resource problem?	deforestation	gas shortage	citrus blight	water scarcity	Most Americans have plenty of fresh, clean water. But many people around the world do not. In fact, water scarcity is the world’s most serious resource problem. How can that be? Water is almost everywhere. But much of it is unusable. What is usable is not always where it is needed.
Quarks also have a different type of charge, called what?	spontaneous charge	contrast charge	pure charge	color charge	There are six types of quarks . In ordinary matter, virtually all quarks are of the types called up and down quarks. All quarks have mass, and they have an electric charge of either +2/3 or -1/3. For example, up quarks have a charge of +2/3, and down quarks have a charge of -1/3. Quarks also have a different type of ch...
Thylakoids in a chloroplast contain what plant pigment?	ultramarine	melanin	dye	chlorophyll	The structure of a chloroplast is shown in Figure below . The chloroplast is surrounded by two membranes. Inside the chloroplast are stacks of flattened sacs of membrane, called thylakoids . The thylakoids contain chlorophyll. Surrounding the thylakoids is a space called the stroma . The stroma is filled with watery ("...
The expulsion stage begins when the fetal head enters what?	uterus	head is outside vagina	you can see the umbilical cord	birth canal	Expulsion Stage The expulsion stage begins when the fetal head enters the birth canal and ends with birth of the newborn. It typically takes up to 2 hours, but it can last longer or be completed in minutes, depending in part on the orientation of the fetus. The vertex presentation known as the occiput anterior vertex i...
What type of waste is likely to explode?	solid waste	liquid waste	mesh waste	explosive waste	Explosive waste is likely to explode. The risk of explosion may be greater if the waste is mixed with other substances.
Named after the dutch physicist, the van de graaff is a type of what device used for nuclear research?	barometer	radiation detector	electromagnetic	accelerator	Early Accelerators An early accelerator is a relatively simple, large-scale version of the electron gun. The Van de Graaff (named after the Dutch physicist), which you have likely seen in physics demonstrations, is a small version of the ones used for nuclear research since their invention for that purpose in 1932. For...
A substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base is called what?	litmus test	pH scale	reactor	an acid-base indicator	An acid-base indicator is a substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base. How does that work? An indicator is a weak acid that ionizes within a known pH range, usually about 2 pH units. We can represent the protonated form of the indicator molecule as HIn and the deprotonated form ...
What is the name for the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies ?	hydrology	nematology	oceanography	limnology	Limnology is the study of the plants and animals that live in fresh water bodies. A lake has zones just like the ocean. The ecosystem of a lake is divided into three distinct zones ( Figure below ):.
What does urine leave the body through?	uterus	vagina	colon	urethra	Urine leaves the body through the urethra .
What type of plant is the dominant group of land plants?	thermal plants	grass plants	oxygen plants	vascular plants	Vascular Plants The vascular plants are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. There are about 275,000 species of vascular plants, which represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their spread to so many habitats. Vascular Tissue: Xy...
What term is used to describe a process in which material travels from regions of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached?	Osmosis	fission	active transport	diffusion	The folded surfaces of the gills provide a large surface area to ensure that the fish gets sufficient oxygen. Diffusion is a process in which material travels from regions of high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached. In this case, blood with a low concentration of oxygen molecules circulates...
Poetically speaking, nature reserves are islands of what, in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity?	ecosystem	refuge	habitats	biodiversity
Reactive elements are able to combine more what with other elements?	symmetrically	slowly	quickly	easily	Reactive elements combine easily with other elements. This explains why they usually exist in nature in compounds rather than in pure form.
What do scientists attach to aquatic animals to collect information?	fluorescent tags	ultraviolet tags	radio tags	satellite tags	Beginning in 2000, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz combined to form TOPP. As part of TOPP, researchers attach satellite tags to elephant seals, white sharks, giant leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, swordfish, and oth...
Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into where?	umbilical cord	placental barrier	vas deferens	uterine tube	Contact Between Sperm and Oocyte Upon ovulation, the oocyte released by the ovary is swept into—and along—the uterine tube. Fertilization must occur in the distal uterine tube because an unfertilized oocyte cannot survive the 72-hour journey to the uterus. As you will recall from your study of the oogenesis, this oocyt...
Giardiasis and malaria are diseases caused by what organism?	bacteria	worms	larvae	protozoa	Many human diseases are caused by protists. Most of them are caused by protozoa. They are parasites that invade and live in the human body. The parasites get a place to live and nutrients from the human host. In return, they make the host sick. Examples of human diseases caused by protozoa include giardiasis and malari...
The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time is referred to as what?	wave harmonics	tendency frequency	wave speed	wave frequency	Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time.
The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four of which other atoms?	iodine	calcium	nitrogen	chlorine	The name carbon tetrachloride implies one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms, so the formula is CCl4. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
Most of a mushroom's surface area is actually where?	air	hidden	underwater	underground	Fungi can grow fast because they are such good eaters. Fungi have lots of surface area, and this large surface area “eats” or absorbs. Surface area is how much exposed area an organism has, compared to their overall volume. Most of a mushroom's surface area is actually underground. If you see a mushroom in your yard, t...
Interneurons carry what back and forth between sensory and motor neurons?	flux impulses	sciatica	electricity	nerve impulses	Interneurons carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor neurons.
What are the mineral deposits that fill in underground cracks called?	motherlode	cores	currents	veins	Underground water can be heated by magma. The hot water moves through cracks below Earth’s surface. Hot water can hold more dissolved particles than cold water. The hot, salty solution has chemical reactions with the rocks around it. The water picks up more dissolved particles. As it flows through open spaces in rocks,...
Some of the small moons of saturn are found within what features distinctive to the planet?	craters of saturn	interior of saturn	crest of saturn	rings of saturn	As of 2011, over 60 moons have been identified around Saturn. Only seven of Saturn’s moons are round. All but one is smaller than Earth’s Moon. Some of the very small moons are found within the rings. All the particles in the rings are like little moons, because they orbit around Saturn. Someone must decide which ones ...
An image that is double the size of the object would have what?	illumination	stimulation	configuration	magnification	The size of an object’s image is larger (or smaller) than the object itself by its magnification, . The level of magnification is proportional to the ratio of and . An image that is double the size of the object would have magnification .
What is made up of bands of cells that contract for movement?	cartilage	vascular tissue	collagen	muscle tissue	Muscle tissue is made up of bands of cells that contract and allow movement.
What is the name of the muscular tube that carries urine out of the body?	bladder	rectum	uterus	urethra	From the collecting ducts of the kidneys, urine enters the ureters , two muscular tubes that move the urine by peristalsis to the bladder (see Figure above ). The bladder is a hollow, sac-like organ that stores urine. When the bladder is about half full, it sends a nerve impulse to a sphincter to relax and let urine fl...
Tissues are organized by what?	structures	branches	lipids	cells	Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues form organs.
Carbon released by burning fossil fuels contributes to what effect in the atmosphere?	cloud effect	shielding effect	smog effect	greenhouse effect	Burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, releases carbon into the atmosphere. This carbon must be cycled - removed from the atmosphere - back into living organisms, or it stays in the atmosphere. Increased carbon in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect on Earth.
What are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy?	calories	hydrocarbons	proteins	lipids	Lipids are a class of biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy. Types of lipids include fats and oils.
Which element has an atomic number of 16?	oxygen	acid	methane	sulfur	The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Therefore, in a neutral atom of sulfur, there are 16 electrons. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
Fossil evidence indicates that the ancestors of humans originated on which continent?	south america	north america	australia	africa
What will spores that eventually germinate develop into?	hydra	yeast cells	gametes	new hyphae	This phylogenetic tree is based on comparisons of ribosomal RNA base sequences among living organisms. The tree divides all organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Humans and other animals belong to the Eukarya domain. From this tree, organisms that make up the domain Eukarya appear to have shared...
A binary molecular compound is made up of two of what?	wafers	compounds	cells	elements	A binary molecular compound is a molecular compound that is composed of two elements. The elements that combine to form binary molecular compounds are both nonmetal atoms. This contrasts with ionic compounds, which were formed from a metal ion and a nonmetal ion. Therefore, binary molecular compounds are different beca...
Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and this?	energy	gravity	momentum	wavelength	Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and wavelength. You can observe direct evidence of the speed of sound while watching a fireworks display. The flash of an explosion is seen well before its sound is heard, implying both that sound travels at a finite speed and that it...
Do bacteria sexually reproduce?	they don't reproduce	sometimes	yes	no	Are there male and female bacteria? Of course the answer is no. So, sexual reproduction does not occur in bacteria. But not all new bacteria are clones. This is because bacteria can acquire new DNA. This process occurs in three different ways:.
What is type of sugar is produced through photosynthesis?	glutamate	carbohydrates	insulin	glucose	The energy of the sun is first captured by producers ( Figure below ), organisms that can make their own food. Many producers make their own food through the process of photosynthesis . The "food" the producers make is the sugar, glucose . Producers make food for the rest of the ecosystem. As energy is not recycled, en...
The light-sensing cells in the retina are called rods and what else?	light cells	sensor cells	stents	cones	The back of the eye is covered by a thin layer called the retina. This is where the image of the object normally forms. The retina consists of special light-sensing cells called rods and cones. Rods sense dim light. Cones sense different colors of light.
Lampreys possess a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth and is used to feed on what?	marrow	parasites	herbivores	blood	Like hagfish, lampreys also lack scales, but they have fins and a partial backbone. The most striking feature of lampreys is a large round sucker, lined with teeth, that surrounds the mouth (see Figure below ). Lampreys use their sucker to feed on the blood of other fish species.
What is the type of plant that has a single cotelydon in the seedling?	moss	dicot	conifer	monocot	Monocots Plants in the monocot group are primarily identified as such by the presence of a single cotyledon in the seedling. Other anatomical features shared by monocots include veins that run parallel to the length of the leaves, and flower parts that are arranged in a three- or six-fold symmetry. True woody tissue is...
What element is essential for amino acid and nucleic acid production?	hydrogen	oxygen	carbon	nitrogen
In plants and algae where does photosynthesis takes place in?	cytoplasm	cell wall	nucleus	chloroplasts	In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. (Photosynthetic bacteria have other structures for this purpose. ) A chloroplast is a type of plastid, or plant organelle. It contains the green pigment known as chlorophyll . The presence of chloroplasts in plant cells is one of the major ways they diffe...
What is crucial for the fermentation progress in making bread?	cold	larvae	fruit	yeast	Yeasts are crucial for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread. Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows the first step of cellular respiration, glycolysis, to continue.
What hormone does the endocrine system secrete to help cells absorb blood sugar?	Cortisol	glucose	testosterone	insulin	After you eat and digest a sugary snack, the level of sugar in your blood quickly rises. In response, the endocrine system secretes the hormone insulin. Insulin helps cells absorb sugar from the blood. This causes the level of sugar in the blood to fall back to its normal level.
What part of the sporophyte produces microspores that form male gametophytes and megaspores that form female gametophytes?	leaves	chloroplasts	pollen	flower
This calcification prevents diffusion of nutrients into the matrix, resulting in what dying and the opening up of cavities in the diaphysis cartilage?	keratinocytes	nanoparticles	phytocytes	chondrocytes	matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the matrix. The non-mineralized portion of the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone. Connective tissue in the matrix differentiates into red bone marrow in the fetus. The spongy bone is remodeled into a thin layer of compact bone on the su...
What is the greek word meaning "to help make things easier"?	mode	toy	battery	machine	9.5 Simple Machines Simple machines are devices that can be used to multiply or augment a force that we apply – often at the expense of a distance through which we apply the force. The word for “machine” comes from the Greek word meaning “to help make things easier. ” Levers, gears, pulleys, wedges, and screws are some...
High levels of radiation can remove electrons from?	humans	water	acids	metals	Nonliving things can also be damaged by radiation. For example, high levels of radiation can remove electrons from metals. This may weaken metals in nuclear power plants and space vehicles, both of which are exposed to very high levels of radiation.
What is the only planet we know that has plate techtonics?	Jupiter	Saturn	Mars	earth	The Earth is divided into many plates. These plates move around on the surface. The plates collide or slide past each other. One may even plunge beneath another. Plate motions cause most geological activity. This activity includes earthquakes, volcanoes, and the buildup of mountains. The reason for plate movement is co...
Variation in muscle cells gives further insight into some benefits of what type of respiration?	aerobic	natural	enzymatic	anaerobic	Variation in muscle cells gives further insight into some benefits of anaerobic respiration. In vertebrate muscles, lactic acid fermentation allows muscles to produce ATP quickly during short bursts of strenuous activity. Muscle cells specialized for this type of activity show differences in structure as well as chemis...
Violet and red are two types of what kind of light?	radioactive	infrared	ultraviolet	visible	Figure 8.12 The colors of visible light do not carry the same amount of energy. Violet has the shortest wavelength and therefore carries the most energy, whereas red has the longest wavelength and carries the least amount of energy. (credit: modification of work by NASA).
The duodenum is a part of which part of the gi tract?	ulna	large intense	pharynx	small intestine	The duodenum is the first and shortest part of the small intestine. Most chemical digestion takes place here, and many digestive enzymes are active in the duodenum (see Table below ). Some are produced by the duodenum itself. Others are produced by the pancreas and secreted into the duodenum.
A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the dissolved ionic compounds are written as what?	realized ions	charged ions	joined ions	separated ions	When chemicals in solution react, the proper way of writing the chemical formulas of the dissolved ionic compounds is in terms of the dissociated ions, not the complete ionic formula. A complete ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the dissolved ionic compounds are written as separated ions. Solubility rules ...

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