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What group of single-celled organisms lacking a nucleus comprises the most numerous organisms on earth? | fungi | eukaryotes | carbohydrates | prokaryotes | No doubt you’ve had a sore throat before, and you’ve probably eaten cheese or yogurt. If so, then you’ve encountered the fascinating world of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. They also lack other membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes are tiny and sometimes bothersome, but they ... |
Diamond, graphite and fullerene are examples of what form of carbon? | magnesium | zirconia | faceted | crystalline | Pure carbon can form different types of crystals. Crystalline forms of carbon include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. |
A hot-water heating system uses what type of energy to heat water? | atmospheric energy | negative energy | potential energy | thermal energy | A hot-water heating system uses thermal energy to heat water and then pumps the hot water throughout the building in a system of pipes and radiators. You can see a diagram of this type of heating system in Figure below . Typically, the water is heated in a boiler that burns natural gas or heating oil. There is usually ... |
What captures carbon dioxide as it is emitted by a power plant before it enters the atmosphere? | nitrogen sequestration | chemical sequestration | oxide sequestration | carbon sequestration | Carbon sequestration captures carbon dioxide as it is emitted by a power plant before it enters the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide is then stored in another form. Carbon is sequestered naturally by forests. Trees take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Artificial methods of sequestering carbon underground are being ... |
What type of oil is being explored to replace petroleum products in lubricants? | whale oil | essential oil | diesel | vegetable | Vegetable oils are being explored for a variety of uses in which they could replace petroleum products. One such application is in the field of lubricants. Every moving part in machinery (such as engine pistons) needs lubrication to decrease friction and prolong the life of the equipment. Petroleum products serve this ... |
What advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves and is also equal to the output force divided by the input force? | constant | potential | atomic | mechanical | Mechanical advantage equals the distance of effort divided by the distance the object moves. It is also equal to the output force divided by the input force. |
What is the outer layer of skin, consisting almost entirely of epithelial cells? | dermis | hypodermis | connective tissue | epidermis | The epidermis is the outer layer of skin, consisting of epithelial cells and little else (see Figure below ). For example, there are no nerve endings or blood vessels in the epidermis. The innermost cells of the epidermis are continuously dividing through mitosis to form new cells. The newly formed cells move up throug... |
What is the accumulated total of all the biochemical reactions occurring in a cell or organism called? | circulation | respiration | expansion | metabolism | All living things—even the simplest life forms—have a complex chemistry. Living things consist of large, complex molecules, and they also undergo many complicated chemical changes to stay alive. Thousands (or more) of these chemical reactions occur in each cell at any given moment. Metabolism is the accumulated total o... |
When fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, the added nutrients cause excessive growth referred to as what, which can render the water unfit for human consumption or recreation? | agricultural bloom | chemical bloom | caustic bloom | algal bloom | When fertilizer ends up in bodies of water, the added nutrients cause excessive growth of algae. This is called an algal bloom. You can see one in Figure below . The algae out-compete other water organisms. They may make the water unfit for human consumption or recreation. |
What part of the cell controls what enters and leaves? | organism | nucleus | protein | membrane | Like all other living cells, prokaryotes have a cell membrane. It controls what enters and leaves the cell. It's also the site of many metabolic reactions. For example, cellular respiration takes place in the cell membrane. |
Where does the development of a fetus take place? | The kidney | The bladder | The vagina | the female reproductive system | Earth has a tremendous amount of water. So why is water sometimes a scarce resource?. |
What is the critical factor for the survival of segmented worms? | sunlight and warmth | sunlight and water | humidity and sunlight | water and humidity | Phylum Annelida Phylum Annelida includes segmented worms. These animals are found in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater habitats, but a presence of water or humidity is a critical factor for their survival, especially in terrestrial habitats. The name of the phylum is derived from the Latin word annellus, which means ... |
During sexual arousal what does the clitoris, vagina, and labia minora all engorge with? | fluid | urine | bacteria | blood | |
What is another term for joules per second? | parsons | jiffies | jacobs | watts | Electric energy is measured in joules per second, or watts. |
What is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting? | fuel | methane | copper | ore | Ore is extracted from rock by heap leaching, flotation, or smelting. |
What tool is useful for studying the ocean floor because the environment is remote and underwater? | scale | microscope | telescope | sonar | Studying the ocean floor is difficult because the environment is so hostile. The seafloor can be studied indirectly with tools such as sonar. It can be studied directly using special vehicles. Some vehicles carry scientists and their devices to the ocean floor. Other vehicles are operated remotely. |
What is the functional unit of the kidney which actively filters blood and generates urine? | mecrophron | sechron | epithelial | nephron | 41.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs The kidneys are the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems; they function to filter blood and maintain the osmolarity of body fluids at 300 mOsm. They are surrounded by three layers and are made up internally of three distinct regions—the cortex, medulla, and pelvis. ... |
Name two candidates for the original sources of viral genomes. | macrophages and transposons | ediacara and transposons | chloroplasts and transposons | plasmids and transposons | |
What do you call a substance that is not an acid or a base? | oxidic | equivalent | toxic | neutral | What is one of the most important characteristics of a referee? A referee must be neutral. He can’t favor one team over the other. In chemistry, being neutral means not being an acid or a base. Pure water is an example of a neutral substance. In some chemical reactions, an acid and a base combine to form neutral produc... |
An amide bond joining two amino acid units is called a what? | precipitate bond | carboxyl bond | ammonia bond | peptide bond | An amide bond joining two amino acid units is called a peptide bond. Note that the product molecule still has a reactive amino group on the left and a reactive carboxyl. |
What is the name for spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity? | dark matter | nebula | elliptical clusters | globular clusters | Globular clusters are spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity. |
What type of state do most fungi spend their lives in? | diploid | triploid | meiosis | haploid | Most fungi are multicellular, but some exist as single cells. Fungi spend most of their life cycle in the haploid state. They form diploid cells only during sexual reproduction. Like the cells of protists and plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls. But fungi are unique in having cell walls made of chitin instead of... |
What is the white solid that forms on corroded battery terminals? | straight sulfate | ammonia sulfate | copper sulfate | lead sulfate | Pb(s) + 2H+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → PbSO4(s) + H2(g) Lead(II) sulfate is the white solid that forms on corroded battery terminals. Exercise Using the activity series, predict what happens in each situation. If a reaction occurs, write the net ionic equation. |
What does the decomposition of dead organisms and organic waste release into the atmosphere, soil, or ocean? | hydrogen | nitrogen | oxygen | carbon | Decomposition of dead organisms and organic wastes releases carbon back to the atmosphere, soil, or ocean. |
In which process do two light nuclei combine to produce a heavier nucleus and great energy? | certain fusion | general fusion | light fusion | nuclear fusion | Summary Nuclear reactions are accompanied by large changes in energy, which result in detectable changes in mass. The change in mass is related to the change in energy according to Einstein’s equation: ΔE = (Δm)c2. Large changes in energy are usually reported in kiloelectronvolts or megaelectronvolts (thousands or mill... |
What results from the consumption of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food? | hidebound diseases | airborne diseases | parabens diseases | foodborne diseases | 22.4 Bacterial Diseases in Humans Devastating diseases and plagues have been among us since early times. There are records about microbial diseases as far back as 3000 B. Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. Emerging diseases are those rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic ran... |
What type of physical properties of a substance do not depend on amount? | stable | inherent | extensive | intensive | All matter has physical and chemical properties. Physical properties are characteristics that scientists can measure without changing the composition of the sample under study, such as mass, color, and volume (the amount of space occupied by a sample). Chemical properties describe the characteristic ability of a substa... |
A wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields is called what? | propagate wave | mechanical wave | thermal wave | electromagnetic wave | An electromagnetic wave is a wave that consists of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. A familiar example will help you understand the fields that make up an electromagnetic wave. Think about a common bar magnet. It exerts magnetic force in an area surrounding it, called the magnetic field. You can see the magnetic... |
Both endocytosis and ______ are active transport processes. | cellular respiration | biosynthesis | proteolysis | exocytosis | Both endocytosis and exocytosis are active transport processes. |
What type of roads and parking lots prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground? | dirt | gravel | shaded | paved | Paved roads and parking lots prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This increases runoff and the potential for soil erosion. |
What type of acid is often used as a preservative for acidic foods such as fruit juices? | citric acid | hydrochloric acid | sulfuric acid | benzoic acid | Benzoic acid crystals in polarized light are pictured above. Benzoic acid is widely used as a food preservative, either as the carboxylic acid or as the sodium benzoate salt. This compound is most effective when added to acidic foods such as fruit juices and soft drinks. The major industrial source of benzoic acid is t... |
Vascular plants evolved what basic structures to collect sunlight? | roots | flowers | stems | leaves | Vascular plants evolved leaves to collect sunlight. At first, leaves were tiny and needle-like, which helped reduce water loss. Later, leaves were much larger and broader, so plants could collect more light. |
The entropy is decreasing because a gas is becoming a what? | vapor cloud | swirl | solid | liquid | The entropy is decreasing because a gas is becoming a liquid. |
Sucrose does not undergo reactions that are typical of aldehydes and ketones, therefore it is a nonreducing what? | salt | wheat | juice | sugar | solution. In addition, sucrose does not undergo reactions that are typical of aldehydes and ketones. Therefore, sucrose is a nonreducing sugar. The hydrolysis of sucrose in dilute acid or through the action of the enzyme sucrase(also known as invertase) gives an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose. This 1:1 mixtu... |
An electric stove changes electric current to what form of energy? | nuclear | thermodynamic | kinetic | thermal | Electric devices, such as lights and household appliances, change electric current to other forms of energy. For example, an electric stove changes electric current to thermal energy. Other common devices, such as mobile phones and computers, use electric current for another purpose: to encode information. A message en... |
Mammals are endothermic vertebrates that have four limbs and produce what type of eggs? | epithelial | gymnoic | umbilical | amniotic | Mammals are endothermic vertebrates that have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs. Defining traits of mammals are fur or hair and mammary glands. Mammals are noted for the many different ways they can move and their specialized limbs. |
Which group of metals in the periodic table include elements such as sodium and potassium? | lanthanides | igneous metals | actinides | alkali metals | The first step in the process of inductive reasoning is making specific observations. In the periodic table of elements, which we will discuss later, there is a group of metals with similar properties called the alkali metals. The alkali metals include elements such as sodium and potassium. If I put sodium or potassium... |
What is the term for force that opposes motion between any touching surfaces? | tension | gravity | stress | friction | All machines make work easier, but they don’t increase the amount of work that is done. You can never get more work out of a machine than you put into it. In fact, a machine always does less work on an object than the user does on the machine. That’s because a machine must use some of the work put into it to overcome f... |
Most animals are in which clade? | synapsids | eutheria | metazoa | bilateria | |
What system carries nerve impulses to internal organs, controlling activities that are not under your control, such as sweating and digesting food? | hormonal nervous system | limbic nervous system | circulatory nervous system | autonomic nervous system | The autonomic nervous system carries nerve impulses to internal organs. It controls activities that are not under your control, such as sweating and digesting food. The autonomic nervous system has two parts:. |
What are invertebrate chordates that retain all four defining chordate traits as adults called? | tunicates | vertebrates | sporozoans | lancelets | Lancelets are invertebrate chordates that retain all four defining chordate traits as adults. There are only about 25 species of living lancelets. Lancelets resemble tunicates in several ways. For example:. |
What has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between two masses? | volume | motion | mass | gravity | Gravity has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between two masses. According to this conception of gravity, anything that has mass, no matter how small, exerts gravity on other matter. The effect of gravity is that objects exert a pull on other objects. Unlike friction, which acts only between objects ... |
What members of an ecosystem food chain take in food by eating producers or other living things? | insectivores | primary producers | decomposers | consumers | Consumers take in food by eating producers or other living things. |
What are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis? | chloroplasts | nucleus | vacuoles | ribosomes | Ribosomes are small organelles and are the site of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are found in all cells. |
Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are part of which system? | neural | nervous | digestive | respiratory | The organs of the respiratory system include the lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. |
What is necessary for growth and energy? | determination | breeding | warmth | nutrients | |
Bryophyta is the formal taxonomic name for the phylum that consists solely of what? | lichens | trees | grasses | mosses | |
In humans, how many chromosomes does each somatic cell have? | 36 | 51 | 48 | 46 | |
Like mitochondria, plastids contain their own what? | molecule | riboflavin | bacteria | dna | Like mitochondria, plastids contain their own DNA. Therefore, according to endosymbiotic theory, plastids may also have evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that invaded larger prokaryotic cells. If so, they allowed early eukaryotes to make food and produce oxygen. |
Terrestrial and aquatic are the two basic categories of what, on earth? | dendrites | substrates | atmospheres | biomes | 20.3 | Terrestrial Biomes By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Identify the two major abiotic factors that determine the type of terrestrial biome in an area • Recognize distinguishing characteristics of each of the eight major terrestrial biomes Earth’s biomes can be either terrestrial or aquatic. Terres... |
When dissolved in water, what do strong acids transfer to the solvent completely? | acidic proteins | acidic neutrons | acidic electrons | acidic protons | Strong acids completely transfer their acidic protons to the solvent when dissolved in water. When a weak acid is dissolved in water, most of the molecules will retain their acidic protons, and only a small percentage will dissociate. |
On the atomic level, the dissolution of an ionic compound occurs when water interacts with the what in the crystal lattice? | particles | atoms | fractals | ions | The last property above requires some additional explanation. We are all familiar with the process of dissolution on a large scale. If you stir a spoonful of salt into a glass of water, the salt crystals are broken down and seem to disappear into the water. On the atomic level, the dissolution of an ionic compound occu... |
What is one method to observe nebulae? | microscope | mirror | kaleidoscope | telescope | Nebulae can be spotted with the naked eye or simple telescopes. |
When alternating primary current passes through coil p, it does what to the iron core? | heats it | electrilizes it | creates it | magnetizes it | As you can see in Figure above , a transformer consists of two wire coils wrapped around an iron core. When alternating primary current passes through coil P, it magnetizes the iron core. Because the current is alternating, the magnetic field of the iron core keeps reversing. This changing magnetic field induces altern... |
What state of matter exists if particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them? | gas | plasma | liquid | solid | If particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them, matter exists as a solid. The particles are packed closely together and held rigidly in place. All they can do is vibrate. This explains why solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. |
What is the“packet” of energy called that the nucleus emits during gamma decay? | ultraviolet particle | transient particle | radioactive particle | gamma particle | Gamma rays are produced during gamma decay of an excited nucleus. During gamma decay, the nucleus emits a “packet” of energy called a gamma particle. |
The movement of molten metal in earth's outer core creates? | earthquakes | the gravitational field | the stellar field | the magnetic field | The magnetic field has north and south poles. The magnetic poles do not exactly match the geographic poles. So the North Magnetic Pole is not the same as the geographic North Pole. The same is true of the South Pole. The magnetic field is created by the movement of molten metal in the outer core. |
Mechanical churning of food in what organ serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices, creating an acidic “soup” called chyme? | gall bladder | liver | kidneys | stomach | saliva. Although there may be a tendency to think that mechanical digestion is limited to the first steps of the digestive process, it occurs after the food leaves the mouth, as well. The mechanical churning of food in the stomach serves to further break it apart and expose more of its surface area to digestive juices,... |
A constant and plentiful supply of oxygen is required in order to maintain a high rate of what? | magnesium | digestion | cell division | metabolism | Keeping the rate of metabolism high takes a constant and plentiful supply of oxygen. That’s because cellular respiration, which produces energy, requires oxygen. The lungs and heart of mammals are adapted to meet their oxygen needs. |
Organisms interact with each other and what else? | outside enviroment | thermal environment | atmospheric environment | physical environment | |
What is the center of an earthquake called? | the impact | the magnitude | the core | the epicenter | Where an earthquake takes place is described by its focus and epicenter. |
Calvin cycle reactions can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and this? | demarcation | transformation | creation | regeneration | The Calvin cycle reactions (Figure 5.15) can be organized into three basic stages: fixation, reduction, and regeneration. In the stroma, in addition to CO2, two other chemicals are present to initiate the Calvin cycle: an enzyme abbreviated RuBisCO, and the molecule ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). RuBP has five atoms of ... |
What type of cells are arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of the leaf? | cell walls | pattern - sheath cells | cellulose | bundle-sheath cells | |
How are the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas calculated? | phytochemistry | relativistic | casuistry | stoichiometry | The number of moles of carbon dioxide gas is first calculated by stoichiometry. Then the ideal gas law is used to calculate the volume of CO 2 produced. |
What is the name of the blood protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's assorted tissues? | White Blood cells | insulin | plasma | hemoglobin | Anemia is a disease that occurs when there is not enough hemoglobin in the blood to carry oxygen to body cells. Hemoglobin is the blood protein that normally carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Anemia leads to a lack of oxygen in organs. |
The sun and many other light sources produce waves that are randomly this? | colored | obfuscated | amplified | polarized | The Sun and many other light sources produce waves that are randomly polarized (see Figure 27.39). Such light is said to be unpolarized because it is composed of many waves with all possible directions of polarization. Polaroid materials, invented by the founder of Polaroid Corporation, Edwin Land, act as a polarizing ... |
Each vertebral vein also flows into which vein? | spiral | trichina | xerophyte | brachiocephalic | The Superior Vena Cava The superior vena cava drains most of the body superior to the diaphragm (Figure 20.36). On both the left and right sides, the subclavian vein forms when the axillary vein passes through the body wall from the axillary region. It fuses with the external and internal jugular veins from the head an... |
Almost all plants make food through what process? | hydrolysis | glycolysis | evolution | photosynthesis | Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis. |
What did darwin call the evolutionary concept of change in populations over generations? | metabolism with modifications | formation with modifications | reproduction with modifications | descent with modifications | Wallace and Darwin both observed similar patterns in other organisms and independently conceived a mechanism to explain how and why such changes could take place. Darwin called this mechanism natural selection. Natural selection, Darwin argued, was an inevitable outcome of three principles that operated in nature. Firs... |
Surprisingly, where would you find the earth’s tallest mountains and deepest canyons? | taiga | Tibet | rain forests | ocean floor | Scientists have learned a lot about the ocean floor. For example, they know that Earth’s tallest mountains and deepest canyons are on the ocean floor. The major features on the ocean floor are described below. They are also shown in Figure below . |
The part of the shadow in which light is completely blocked is called what? | corona | penumbra | eclipse | umbra | The umbra is the part of the shadow in which light is completely blocked. |
What is the name of the period of transition between the beginning of puberty and adulthood? | childhood | maturation | aging | adolescence | Adolescence is the period of transition between the beginning of puberty and adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of significant mental, emotional, and social changes. For example:. |
The formula unit of sodium chloride dissociates into one sodium ion and one? | electron | oxygen ion | magnesium ion | chloride ion | The formula unit of sodium chloride dissociates into one sodium ion and one chloride ion. The calcium nitrate formula unit dissociates into one calcium ion and two nitrate ions. This is because of the 2+ charge of the calcium ion. Two nitrate ions, each with a 1− charge are required to make the equation balance electri... |
Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots called what? | tendrils | vines | taproots | fibrous roots | Fibrous root systems have many small branching roots, called fibrous roots , but no large primary root. The huge number of threadlike roots increases the surface area for absorption of water and minerals, but fibrous roots anchor the plant less securely. |
A system of glands secretes what chemical messenger molecules into the blood? | acids | metabolytes | enzymes | hormones | system of glands that secrete chemical messenger molecules called hormones into the blood. |
In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different what? | electrons | organisms | atoms | organelles | Enzyme Compartmentalization In eukaryotic cells, molecules such as enzymes are usually compartmentalized into different organelles. This allows for yet another level of regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes required only for certain cellular processes can be housed separately along with their substrates, allowing for ... |
What does the stable form of sulfur at room temperature contain? | electron shell | six - membered rings | four - membered rings | eight-membered rings | Larger amounts of sulfur also come from hydrogen sulfide recovered during the purification of natural gas. Sulfur exists in several allotropic forms. The stable form at room temperature contains eight-membered rings, and so the true formula is S8. However, chemists commonly use S to simplify the coefficients in chemica... |
What term means the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature? | turbidity | viscosity | concentration | solubility | The solubility of a substance is the amount of that substance that is required to form a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature. Solubility is often measured as the grams of solute per 100 g of solvent. The solubility of sodium chloride in water is 36.0 g per 100 g water at 20°C. The... |
What bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth? | tibular bone | subaerial bone | orbital bone | maxillary bone | Figure 7.14 Maxillary Bone The maxillary bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth. Each maxilla also forms the lateral floor of each orbit and the majority of the hard palate. |
What does increasing a solute's temperature do? | no change | increases its viscosity | decrease its solubility | increases its solubility | If a solute is a solid or liquid, increasing the temperature increases its solubility. For example, more sugar can dissolve in hot water than in cold water. |
What are the pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi? | ovaries | kidneys | stomachs | lungs | Gross Anatomy of the Lungs The lungs are pyramid-shaped, paired organs that are connected to the trachea by the right and left bronchi; on the inferior surface, the lungs are bordered by the diaphragm. The diaphragm is the flat, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs and thoracic cavity. The lungs are encl... |
The global biosphere includes all areas of what? | science | study | geography | life | The global biosphere, which includes all areas that contain life, from the sea to the atmosphere. |
Atomic orbitals from different atoms overlap to form what? | planet orbitals | plasma orbitals | space orbitals | molecular orbitals | Atomic orbitals from different atoms overlap to form molecular orbitals. |
Particulates cause lung diseases. they can also increase the risk of heart disease and the number of what? | shortness of breath | coughing | cancer | asthma attacks | Particulates cause lung diseases. They can also increase the risk of heart disease and the number of asthma attacks. Particulates block sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface. This means there is less energy for photosynthesis. Less photosynthesis means that plants and phytoplankton produce less food. This affects whol... |
What reinforces the thin walls of the right ventricle and plays a crucial role in cardiac conduction? | pores valve | pores band | moderator valve | moderator band | The walls of the ventricle are lined with trabeculae carneae, ridges of cardiac muscle covered by endocardium. In addition to these muscular ridges, a band of cardiac muscle, also covered by endocardium, known as the moderator band (see Figure 19.9) reinforces the thin walls of the right ventricle and plays a crucial r... |
What kind of radiation is observed in honeycreeper birds? | destructive | spontaneous | symbiotic | adaptive | Figure 18.13 The honeycreeper birds illustrate adaptive radiation. From one original species of bird, multiple others evolved, each with its own distinctive characteristics. |
What do we call the worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations? | compass | cellular network | radio waves | gps | You must have a GPS receiver to use the system. You can buy many types of these in stores. The GPS receiver detects radio signals from nearby GPS satellites. There are precise clocks on each satellite and in the receiver. The receiver measures the time for radio signals from satellites to reach it. The receiver uses th... |
What substance can be eroded by wind or water? | sand | metal | wood | soil | Soil and water are renewable resources but may be ruined by careless human actions. Soil can be depleted of nutrients. It can also be eroded by wind or water. |
What unit of the nervous system consists of a cell body, dendrites, and axon? | ganglion | Transmitter | mitochondria | neuron | Neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axon. |
What are small planets in our solar system called? | light planets | scrub planets | Tiny planets | dwarf planets | Eris is the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system. It is 27 percent larger than Pluto ( Figure above ). Like Pluto and Makemake, Eris is in the Kuiper belt. But Eris is about 3 times farther from the Sun than Pluto. Because of its distance, Eris was not discovered until 2005. Early on, it was thought that Eris... |
What is electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom called? | gradient electrons | non-valence electrons | shell electrons | valence electrons | In the study of chemical reactivity, we will find that the electrons in the outermost principal energy level are very important and so they are given a special name. Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom. In the second period elements listed above, the two electro... |
Pacemaker cells stimulate the spontaneous contraction of cardiac muscle as a functional unit, called a what? | adipocytes | coenocyte | tapetum | syncytium | 10.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue Cardiac muscle is striated muscle that is present only in the heart. Cardiac muscle fibers have a single nucleus, are branched, and joined to one another by intercalated discs that contain gap junctions for depolarization between cells and desmosomes to hold the fibers together when the heart... |
A mineral’s crystal shape is determined by the way what objects are arranged? | Electrons | molecules | particles | atoms | The patterns of atoms that make a mineral affect its physical properties. A mineral’s crystal shape is determined by the way the atoms are arranged. For example, you can see how atoms are arranged in halite in Figure above . You can see how salt crystals look under a microscope in Figure below . Salt crystals are all c... |
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a what? | mitochondria | flagellum | cell wall | cell nucleus | Eukaryotes evolved about 2 billion years ago. Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have a cell nucleus. They have more structures and are better organized. Organelles within a eukaryote can perform certain functions. Some supply energy; some break down wastes. Eukaryotes were better able to live and so became the dominant li... |
What term is used to describe major changes in the genetic material? | mutational alterations | generational alterations | eukaryotic alterations | chromosomal alterations | Chromosomal Alterations. Chromosomal alterations are major changes in the genetic material. |
What type of rocks form when sediments are compacted and cemented together? | igneous rocks | metamorphic rocks | crystalline rocks | sedimentary rocks | Sedimentary rocks form when sediments are compacted and cemented together. Sediments are pieces of rock. They may be gravel, sand, silt, or clay. Some sedimentary rocks form the solid minerals left behind after a liquid evaporates. |
Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and? | transpiration | boiling | steaming | melting | Processes in which matter changes between liquid and solid states are freezing and melting. |
Abrasion is a process of what type of weathering? | environmental | geological | molecular | mechanical | Ice wedging and abrasion are two important processes of mechanical weathering. |
Mendel’s observation of pea plants also included many crosses that involved multiple traits, which prompted him to formulate the principle of this? | dependent evolution | independent contain | independent texture | independent assortment | Mendel’s observation of pea plants also included many crosses that involved multiple traits, which prompted him to formulate the principle of independent assortment. The law states that the members of one pair of genes (alleles) from a parent will sort independently from other pairs of genes during the formation of gam... |
The skull consists of cranial bones and what other type of bones? | superficial | nasal | subdermal | facial | The bones of the skull support the structures of the face and protect the brain. The skull consists of cranial bones and facial bones. The cranial bones form the cranial cavity, which encloses the brain and serves as an attachment site for muscles of the head and neck. In the adult they are tightly jointed with connect... |
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