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What do you call the first cell of a new organism? | egg | embryo | starter cell | zygote | Cells divide repeatedly to produce an embryo. Previously the one-celled zygote (the first cell of a new organism) divided to make two cells (a). Each of the two cells divides to yield four cells (b), then the four cells divide to make eight cells (c), and so on. Through cell division, an entire embryo forms from one in... |
What planet in our solar system has a moon with volcanic activity? | Saturn | Mars | Venus | jupiter | Earth is not the only active planetary body in the solar system. Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, is home to fantastic volcanic eruptions. Volcanism is much hotter than on Earth. Lava curtains and fountains are common. In this color image, the Galileo spacecraft spotted two volcanic plumes. One is spewing high above the pla... |
Kangaroos, koalas, and opossums are examples of what type of mammals? | monotremes | carnivorous | cephalopods | marsupials | By giving birth to tiny embryos, marsupial mothers are at less risk. However, the tiny newborn marsupial may be less likely to survive than a newborn placental mammal. The marsupial embryo completes its growth and development outside the mother’s body in a pouch. It gets milk by sucking on a nipple in the pouch. There ... |
Fe for iron and pb for lead are examples of elements known since ancient times, which have symbols based on their name in what language? | spanish | arabic | italian | latin | The figure below shows the most commonly used form of the periodic table. Each square shows the chemical symbol of the element along with its name. Notice that several of the symbols seem to be unrelated to the name of the element: Fe for iron, Pb for lead, etc. Most of these are the elements that have been known since... |
Referring to low what, hypovolemia may be caused by bleeding, dehydration, vomiting, severe burns, or some medications used to treat hypertension? | Secretion Volume | heart volume | brain volume | blood volume | Blood Volume The relationship between blood volume, blood pressure, and blood flow is intuitively obvious. Water may merely trickle along a creek bed in a dry season, but rush quickly and under great pressure after a heavy rain. Similarly, as blood volume decreases, pressure and flow decrease. As blood volume increases... |
What particles allow fungi to reproduce through unfavorable conditions? | quarks | bosons | atoms | spores | How about both? That would suggest that fungi can produce both diploid and haploid cells, which they can. Shown above are fungi mycelia and haploid spores. Spores allow fungi to reproduce through unfavorable conditions. |
What is the term for an underground layer of rock that is saturated with groundwater? | bason | delta | river | aquifer | An underground layer of rock that is saturated with groundwater is called an aquifer . A diagram of an aquifer is shown in Figure below . Aquifers are generally found in porous rock, such as sandstone. Water infiltrates the aquifer from the surface. The water that enters the aquifer is called recharge. |
Where do most ecosystems get energy from? | oceans | precipitation | forests | sunlight | Ecosystems need a constant input of energy to supply the needs of their organisms. Most ecosystems get energy from sunlight. A few ecosystems get energy from chemical compounds. |
Maintaining a high metabolic rate takes a lot of what? | fuel | food | calories | energy | Maintaining a high metabolic rate takes a lot of energy. The energy must come from food. Therefore, mammals need a nutritious and plentiful diet. The diets of mammals are diverse. Except for leaf litter and wood, almost any kind of organic matter may be eaten by mammals. |
Electrons can move from one atom to another; when they do, specimens called what, with overall electric charges, are formed? | cations | atoms | molecules | ions | So far, we have discussed elements and compounds that are electrically neutral. They have the same number of electrons as protons, so the negative charges of the electrons is balanced by the positive charges of the protons. However, this is not always the case. Electrons can move from one atom to another; when they do,... |
Energy is absorbed as reactants are converted to products in what kind of chemical reaction? | synthesis | anaphoric | hydrostatic | endothermic | For an endothermic chemical reaction, energy is absorbed as reactants are converted to products. Exothermic and endothermic reactions can be thought of as having energy as either a product of the reaction or a reactant. Exothermic reactions give off energy, so energy is a product. Endothermic reactions require energy, ... |
What is the permanent prevention of gamete production or release called? | fertilization | restoration | insemination | sterilization | |
Because pathogenic bacteria typically cause disease by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins, they have potential use as what type of weapon? | nuclear missile | radioactive | pandemic | bioterrorism | |
What cycle vital to plants includes a process called denitrification? | photosynthesis | carbon cycle | sedimentation cycle | nitrogen cycle | 3.4 NITROGEN: RUNNING IN CYCLES Introduction: In the previous assignment, you studied the carbon cycle. In a previous unit, you described the water cycle. Carbon and water are matter. As you learned in the first unit, matter cycles. Nitrogen is another form of matter that cycles. Like water and carbon, nitrogen is esse... |
Cerebral palsy is a disease caused by injury to what organ as it is developing? | liver | heart | skin | brain | Cerebral palsy is a disease caused by injury to the developing brain. The injury occurs before, during, or shortly after birth. Cerebral palsy is more common in babies that have a low weight at birth. But the cause of the brain injury is not often known. The disease usually affects the parts of the brain that control b... |
What substance is removed from waste as it passes through the large intestine? | air | blood | nutrients | water | Food waste enters the large intestine from the small intestine in a liquid state. As the waste moves through the large intestine, excess water is absorbed from it. The remaining solid waste is called feces. After a certain amount of feces have collected, a sphincter relaxes to let the feces pass out of the body through... |
The distance between two consecutive z discs or z lines is called what? | radius | contractile | ligule | sarcomere | When a sarcomere shortens, some regions shorten whereas others stay the same length. A sarcomere is defined as the distance between two consecutive Z discs or Z lines; when a muscle contracts, the distance between the Z discs is reduced. The H zone—the central region of the A zone—contains only thick filaments and is s... |
What is the largest taxonomic rank? | core | sublet | top | domain | Coming up with a scientific naming method may not seem like a big deal, but it really is. Prior to Linnaeus, there was no consistent way to name species. Names given to organisms by scientists were long and cumbersome. Often, different scientists came up with different names for the same species. Common names also diff... |
Which system is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems? | local nervous system | auxiliary nervous system | central nervous system | peripheral nervous system | The motor division of the PNS carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands throughout the body. The nerve impulses stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete hormones. The motor division of the peripheral nervous system is further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous s... |
The composition of the magma determines if the rock is mafic, felsic, or what? | variable | porous | magnetic | intermediate | The composition of the magma determines if the rock is mafic, felsic, or intermediate. |
The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is called? | spherical | linear | a triangle | a parabola | The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is a parabola. |
What type of animals breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults? | mammals | insects | reptiles | amphibians | Amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. They have a three-chambered heart and relatively complex nervous system. |
The most abundant formed elements in blood, erythrocytes are red, biconcave disks packed with an oxygen-carrying compound called this? | pus | plasma | hydrogen | hemoglobin | 18.3 Erythrocytes The most abundant formed elements in blood, erythrocytes are red, biconcave disks packed with an oxygen-carrying compound called hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule contains four globin proteins bound to a pigment molecule called heme, which contains an ion of iron. In the bloodstream, iron picks up o... |
What is the scale on which acidity is measured? | μg | μm | hp | ph | The concentration of hydronium ions in a solution is known as acidity. In pure water, the concentration of hydronium ions is very low; only about 1 in 10 million water molecules naturally breaks down to form a hydronium ion. As a result, pure water is essentially neutral. Acidity is measured on a scale called pH , as s... |
Almost all fungi reproduce asexually by producing what? | atoms | ions | roots | spores | Almost all fungi reproduce asexually by producing spores. A fungal spore is a haploid cell produced by mitosis from a haploid parent cell. It is genetically identical to the parent cell. Fungal spores can develop into new haploid individuals without being fertilized. |
Thomson’s plum pudding model shows the structure of what? | DNA | nucleus | cell | atom | Following the discovery of the electron, J. J. Thomson developed what became known as the “ plum pudding ” model in 1904. Plum pudding is an English dessert similar to a blueberry muffin. In Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom, the electrons were embedded in a uniform sphere of positive charge like blueberries stu... |
What type of carbons may be gases, liquids, or solids at room temperature? | graphites | diamonds | amorphous | hydrocarbons | Hydrocarbons vary greatly in size, which influences properties such as melting and boiling points. At room temperature, hydrocarbons may be gases, liquids, or solids. They are generally nonpolar and do not dissolve in water. |
What diagnostic technology uses high-frequency vibrations transmitted into any tissue in contact with the transducer? | sonar | laser | radiation | ultrasound | Ultrasound in Medical Diagnostics When used for imaging, ultrasonic waves are emitted from a transducer, a crystal exhibiting the piezoelectric effect (the expansion and contraction of a substance when a voltage is applied across it, causing a vibration of the crystal). These highfrequency vibrations are transmitted in... |
At what time of life does menopause occur? | adolescence | old age | young adulthood | in middle adulthood | The menstrual cycle includes events that take place in the ovary, such as ovulation. It also includes changes in the uterus, including menstruation. Menopause occurs when menstruation stops occurring, usually in middle adulthood. |
What type of current carries warm air from surrounding rocks to an animal's body? | radiation | electric | ventilation | convection | Heat Transfer to an Ectothermic Reptile. This crocodile is being warmed by the environment in three ways. Heat is radiating directly from the sun to the animal’s back. Heat is also being conducted to the animal from the rocks it rests on. In addition, convection currents are carrying warm air from surrounding rocks to ... |
What quality of sound makes a tuba and a piccolo very different to a listener? | curve | wavelength | tune | pitch | A piccolo and a tuba sound very different. One difference is the pitch of their sounds. |
Where is the food supply and embryo stored in a seed? | tegmen | epicotyl | plumule | hull | reproductive structure produced by a seed plant that contains an embryo and food supply enclosed within a hull. |
Most arthropods are insects. the phylum also includes spiders, centipedes, and what? | coral | amphibians | crystals | crustaceans | Most arthropods are insects. The phylum also includes spiders, centipedes, and crustaceans. |
A cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage is called a what? | Testes | vesicles | mitosis | symphysis | Symphysis A cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage is called a symphysis (“growing together”). Fibrocartilage is very strong because it contains numerous bundles of thick collagen fibers, thus giving it a much greater ability to resist pulling and bending forces when compared with hyaline cart... |
The horizontal stems on strawberry plants are called what? | nodules | buds | glands | stolons | User:DrU/Wikipedia. Strawberry plants have horizontal stems called stolons that can form new plants. . Public Domain. |
What are the newest, outer layers of secondary xylem called? | vascular | bark | fibrous | sapwood | |
Most amphibians breathe with these as larvae? | pores | nostrils | lungs | gills | Amphibian skin contains keratin, a protein that is also found in the outer covering of most other four-legged vertebrates. The keratin in amphibians is not too tough to allow gases and water to pass through their skin. Most amphibians breathe with gills as larvae and with lungs as adults. However, extra oxygen is absor... |
Defined as a substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival, what term encompasses water, energy-yielding and body-building substances, and vitamins and minerals? | calories | molecules | sustenance | nutrients | Nutrients A nutrient is a substance in foods and beverages that is essential to human survival. The three basic classes of nutrients are water, the energy-yielding and body-building nutrients, and the micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). The most critical nutrient is water. Depending on the environmental temperature... |
Genetic disorders are diseases caused by what? | traits | lesions | environment | mutations | Sequencing the human genome has increased our knowledge of genetic disorders. Genetic disorders are diseases caused by mutations. Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in a single gene. Others are caused by abnormal numbers of chromosomes. |
Transgenic animals are animals that have incorporated a gene from another species into their what? | habitats | enemies | food | genome | DNA technology has proved very beneficial to humans. Transgenic animals are animals that have incorporated a gene from another species into their genome. They are used as experimental models to perform phenotypic tests with genes whose function is unknown, or to generate animals that are susceptible to certain compound... |
What structure of a cell is enclosed by a membrane and contains most of the cell’s dna? | epidermis | vacuole | ribosome | nucleus | Besides the four parts listed above, many cells also have a nucleus. The nucleus of a cell is a structure enclosed by a membrane that contains most of the cell’s DNA. Cells are classified in two major groups based on whether or not they have a nucleus. The two groups are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. |
Does air temperature increase or decrease as it rises higher in the atmosphere? | neither | both | increase | decrease | The rising air cools as it goes higher in the atmosphere. If it is moist, the water vapor may condense. Clouds may form, and precipitation may fall. |
During what do homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells? | electrolysis | birth | mitosis | meiosis | Overview of Meiosis. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells. This diagram shows just the nuclei of the cells. Notice the exchange of genetic material that occurs prior to the first cell division. |
The light reactions take place in which membranes? | the stroma | the cell membranes | the phospholipid | the thylakoid | Both stages of photosynthesis take place in chloroplasts. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, and the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma. |
Fossils themselves and the order in which they appear in are generally collectively called what? | fuel cycle | fossil magnitude | coal record | fossil record | There are many layers of rock in the Earth's surface. Newer layers form on top of the older layers; the deepest rock layers are the oldest. Therefore, you can tell how old a fossil is by observing in which layer of rock it was found. The fossils and the order in which fossils appear is called the fossil record . The fo... |
Hormones send what through your body? | proteins | nutrients | cells | signals | Good record keeping is very important in scientific research. |
What does the armor including spines in some species offer? | energy | nutrition | protection from cold | protection from predators | |
Individual nucleotides can be linked together through their phosphate groups to form? | dna | atoms | nitrous acid polymers | nucleic acid polymers | Individual nucleotides can be linked together through their phosphate groups to form nucleic acid polymers. Once constructed, DNA generally exists as two strands that are linked together by hydrogen bonds, producing a double-helical structure (see Figure below ). |
The name silicon is derived from the latin word for flint? | pelea | silk | simple | silex | The name silicon is derived from the Latin word for flint, silex. The metalloid silicon readily forms compounds containing Si-O-Si bonds, which are of prime importance in the mineral world. This bonding capability is in contrast to the nonmetal carbon, whose ability to form carbon-carbon bonds gives it prime importance... |
What two types of juices help digestion within the small intestine? | bile and lymph | chyme and phloem | amniotic fluid, bile | intestinal and pancreatic | Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine The digestion of proteins and carbohydrates, which partially occurs in the stomach, is completed in the small intestine with the aid of intestinal and pancreatic juices. Lipids arrive in the intestine largely undigested, so much of the focus here is on lipid digestion, which is... |
Cells in a biofilm secrete what to recruit nearby cells? | signaling neurons | signaling proteins | harnessing molecules | signaling molecules | |
A standing wave is created when what type of wave interferes with the original wave? | refracted wave | realized wave | translated wave | reflected wave | When a wave meets a barrier, it reflects and travels back the way it came. The reflected wave may interfere with the original wave. If this occurs in precisely the right way, a standing wave can be created. The types of standing waves that can form depend strongly on the speed of the wave and the size of the region in ... |
The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped structures that are located just below and posterior to the liver in this? | mantle cavity | stomach cavity | cerebral cavity | peritoneal cavity | Kidneys: The Main Osmoregulatory Organ The kidneys, illustrated in Figure 41.4, are a pair of bean-shaped structures that are located just below and posterior to the liver in the peritoneal cavity. The adrenal glands sit on top of each kidney and are also called the suprarenal glands. Kidneys filter blood and purify it... |
What term means anything that is detected either through human senses or with instruments and measuring devices that extend human senses? | evacuation | variation | evaluation | observation | Science rests on evidence and logic, so it deals only with things that can be observed. An observation is anything that is detected either through human senses or with instruments and measuring devices that extend human senses. Things that cannot be observed or measured by current means—such as supernatural beings or e... |
The white fluffy part of popcorn is also what? | jiffy | phosphor | membrane | endosperm | |
What change can you expect in vectors that are perpendicular to each other? | Molecular Reaction | Chemical reaction | Large Effect | no effect | Vectors that are perpendicular to each other have no effect on each other. |
Where is roughage fermented and digested in pseudo-ruminants? | in their pancreas | in their ileum | in their appendix | in their cecum | Pseudo-ruminants Some animals, such as camels and alpacas, are pseudo-ruminants. They eat a lot of plant material and roughage. Digesting plant material is not easy because plant cell walls contain the polymeric sugar molecule cellulose. The digestive enzymes of these animals cannot break down cellulose, but microorgan... |
How quickly a population changes in size over time is known as what? | population direction rate | population impact rate | population multiplication rate | population growth rate | The population growth rate is how quickly a population changes in size over time. The rate of growth of a population may be positive or negative. A positive growth rate means that the population is increasing in size because more people are being added than lost. A negative growth rate means that the population is decr... |
Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through what? | plasma | osmosis | filtering | matter | Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through matter. They vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, shown in the Figure below , is called the electromagnetic spectrum. |
What is the term for abnormally low blood levels of carbon dioxide? | trichina | spirogyra | hepatitis | hypocapnia | The chemical reactions that regulate the levels of CO2 and carbonic acid occur in the lungs when blood travels through the lung’s pulmonary capillaries. Minor adjustments in breathing are usually sufficient to adjust the pH of the blood by changing how much CO2 is exhaled. In fact, doubling the respiratory rate for les... |
The vivid colors of flowers are an adaptation designed to encourage what by animals such as insects and birds? | flowering | eating | consumption | pollination | Figure 26.13 These flowers grow in a botanical garden border in Bellevue, WA. Flowering plants dominate terrestrial landscapes. The vivid colors of flowers are an adaptation to pollination by animals such as insects and birds. (credit: Myriam Feldman). |
Arthropods change into the adult form in a process called what? | budding | parthenogenesis | spontaneous mutation | metamorphosis | Arthropods have a life cycle with sexual reproduction. Most species go through larval stages after hatching. The larvae are very different from the adults. They change into the adult form in a process called metamorphosis . This may take place within a cocoon. A familiar example of metamorphosis is the transformation o... |
What is the largest part of the brain? | stem | cerebellum | limbic system | cerebrum | The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It controls conscious functions such as reasoning, language, sight, touch, and hearing. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves. The hemispheres are very similar but not identical to one another. They are connected by a thick bundle of axons deep within the brain. Ea... |
What type of weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces? | chemical weathering | fluid weathering | chemical erosion | mechanical weathering | Mechanical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces. These smaller pieces are just like the bigger rock; they're just smaller! The rock has broken without changing its composition. The smaller pieces have the same minerals in the same proportions. You could use the expression “a chip off the old block“ to describe me... |
The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion or atom plus its attached what? | molecules | subunits | strands | ligands | The coordination sphere consists of the central metal ion or atom plus its attached ligands. Brackets in a formula enclose the coordination sphere; species outside the brackets are not part of the coordination sphere. The coordination number of the central metal ion or atom is the number of donor atoms bonded to it. Th... |
What functions like a flexible coat of armor, preventing the protist from being torn or pierced without compromising its range of motion? | endothelium | fimbriae | biofilm | pellicle | Cell Structure The cells of protists are among the most elaborate of all cells. Most protists are microscopic and unicellular, but some true multicellular forms exist. A few protists live as colonies that behave in some ways as a group of free-living cells and in other ways as a multicellular organism. Still other prot... |
The marine west coast climate gets lots of rain because of what being nearby? | highways | the mountains | the Sun | the ocean | The marine west coast climate gets lots of rain from the nearby ocean. |
What determines whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or not? | curve of magma | lava temperature | magma velocity | thickness of magma | Volcanic eruptions can be non-explosive or explosive depending on the thickness of the magma. |
Platinum and gold are useful materials for constructing circuits because of their ability to resist what? | nitrogen | Electricity | decomposition | oxidation | If something is MULTIcolored, it has many colors. |
How many set of chromosomes do moss have? | none | double set | triple set | single set | That may depend on the plant. Start with moss. The typical nonvascular plant. But such a simple plant has a very interesting life cycle. Whereas most kinds of plants have two sets of chromosomes in their vegetative cells, mosses have only a single set of chromosomes. So, how does meiosis occur?. |
When you change a magnetic field through electromagnetic induction what do you create? | Light Current | cooling current | microwave current | electric current | The process of generating electric current with a changing magnetic field is called electromagnetic induction . It occurs whenever a magnetic field and an electric conductor, such as a coil of wire, move relative to one another. As long as the conductor is part of a closed circuit, current will flow through it whenever... |
Morphological and molecular data indicate that wings evolved how many times in insects? | never | many times | twice | once | |
Nonmetal structures contain what type of bonds? | gravitational | prevalent | polymeric | covalent | Structures of the Nonmetals The structures of the nonmetals differ dramatically from those of metals. Metals crystallize in closely packed arrays that do not contain molecules or covalent bonds. Nonmetal structures contain covalent bonds, and many nonmetals consist of individual molecules. The electrons in nonmetals ar... |
Gas lines should be made of what so they do not rupture? | adjustment material | typically material | Hard material | flexible material | Check to see that gas lines are made of flexible material so they do not rupture. Any equipment that uses gas should be well secured. |
What is the lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon? | receptors sheath | axon sheath | neural sheath | myelin sheath | Myelin The insulation for axons in the nervous system is provided by glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Schwann cells in the PNS. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the sa... |
Where is urine formed in the body? | the lungs | the liver | the pancreas | the kidneys | Urine is a liquid that is formed by the kidneys when they filter wastes from the blood. Urine contains mostly water, but it also contains salts and nitrogen-containing molecules. The amount of urine released from the body depends on many things. Some of these include the amount of fluid and food a person consumes and h... |
What is the term for rain consisting of water with a ph below 5? | Hot Rain | carbon rain | produce rain | acid rain | Acid rain is rain that has a pH less than 5 ( Figure below ). Acidity is measured on the pH scale . Lower numbers are more acidic, and higher numbers are less acidic (also called more alkaline ). An acid has a pH of less than 7. The pH of normal rain is 5.6. It’s slightly acidic because carbon dioxide in the air dissol... |
What type of ecosystem do polar bears live in? | natural | tropical | oceanic | arctic | Polar Bears. Thick fur and a layer of blubber keep polar bears warm in their Arctic ecosystem. Why do you think their fur is white? Why might it be an adaptation in an Arctic biome?. |
Pseudopods are false what? | fingers | eyes | teeth | feet | What is a cell? Gradient Physical difference between two regions of space, in such a way that the molecules tend to move in response to the gradients. Diffusion Movement of the molecules in a fluid, from the regions of high concentration to those of low concentration. Passive transport Movement of substances in a membr... |
Ionic bonds are what kind of attraction between ions? | nuclear | kinetic | magnetic | electrostatic | Ionic bonding. Ionic bonds result from electrostatic attractions between positively and negatively charged side chains of amino acids. For example, the mutual attraction between an aspartic acid carboxylate ion and a lysine ammonium ion helps to maintain a particular folded area of a protein (part (a) of http://catalog... |
What type of change occurs when matter changes chemically into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties? | genetic | physical | material | chemical | Did you ever make a "volcano," like the one in Figure below , using baking soda and vinegar? What happens when the two substances combine? They produce an eruption of foamy bubbles. This happens because of a chemical change. A chemical change occurs when matter changes chemically into an entirely different substance wi... |
Australia is home to many endemic species. the (a) wallaby (wallabia bicolor), a medium-sized member of the kangaroo family, is a pouched mammal, or this? | rodent | primate | placental | marsupial | Throughout Chemistry, you will find features that draw the students into scientific inquiry by taking selected topics a step further. Students and educators alike will appreciate discussions in these feature boxes. Chemistry in Everyday Life ties chemistry concepts to everyday issues and real-world applications of scie... |
What do you call structures like a whale's pelvic bones, which were once attached to legs, or wings that cannot be used for flight? | distinctive | primitive | primordial | vestigial | Penguins do not use their wings, known as flippers, to fly in the air. However, they do use them to move in the water. The theory of evolution suggests that penguins evolved to use their wings for a different purpose. A whale’s pelvic bones, which were once attached to legs, are also vestigial structures. Whales are de... |
What type of hybridization does ammonia undergo? | nh3 hybridization | h2O hybridization | ionic hybridization | sp 3 hybridization | The methane and ammonia examples illustrate the connection between orbital hybridization and the VSEPR model. The electron domain geometry predicted by VSEPR leads directly to the type of hybrid orbitals that must be formed to accommodate that geometry. Both methane and ammonia have tetrahedral electron domain geometri... |
What does increased temperature do to a substance's kinetic energy? | decreases | generates | nothing | increases | Entropy increases as temperature increases. An increase in temperature means that the particles of the substance have greater kinetic energy. The faster moving particles have more disorder than particles that are moving more slowly at a lower temperature. |
What natural process is associated with the death of cells? | cooling | reducing | dissolving | aging | 6. Aging is associated with the death of cells. Give two reasons why cells die. |
What color and shape are cumulus clouds? | dark and wispy | white and wispy | dark and tall | white and puffy | Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward, and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus. |
During the early paleozoic, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere compared to today was? | much lower | none | the same | much greater | During the early Paleozoic, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was much greater than it is today. This may have begun to change later, as land plants became more common. As the roots of land plants began to infiltrate rock and soil began to form, carbon dioxide was drawn out of the atmosphere and became tra... |
Physical science is defined as the study of what? | matter & elements | light & matter | biology & light | matter & energy | Look at the topographic map of Stowe, Vermont ( Figure below ). There is a steep hill rising just to the right of the city of Stowe. You can tell this because the contour lines there are closely spaced. The contour lines also show that the hill has a sharp rise of about 200 feet. Then the slope becomes less steep towar... |
What do you call the two ends of a magnet where the magnetic effect is strongest? | opposites | plates | magnetos | poles | Any magnet has two ends called poles where the magnetic effect is strongest. |
The scale that is used to measure the loudness of sound measures their loudness in what? | centimeters | waves | weight | decibels | The most common cause of hearing loss is exposure to loud sounds. Loud sounds can damage hair cells inside the ears. Hair cells change sound waves to electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sounds. Louder sounds, which have greater intensity than softer sounds, can damage hair cells more quickly than softer ... |
What are located on either side of the pharynx in the throat? | lymph nodes | wrinkles | testicles | tonsils | The tonsils are located on either side of the pharynx in the throat. They trap pathogens, which are destroyed by lymphocytes in the tonsils. |
What kind of reproduction requires the fusion of male and female gametes? | subject reproduction | autonomous reproduction | asexual reproduction | sexual reproduction | |
Diseases of the lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, nose, and throat affect what organ system? | heart | digestive | skin | respiratory | Respiratory diseases are diseases of the lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, nose, and throat ( Figure below ). These diseases can range from a mild cold to a severe case of pneumonia. Respiratory diseases are common. Many are easily treated, while others may cause severe illness or death. Some respiratory diseases are ca... |
What factor other than genes is important in determining adult height? | relaxation | intelligence | cultivation | nutrition | Genes play an important part in determining our adult height. However, factors such as poor nutrition can prevent us from achieving our full genetic potential. |
What does burning wood release into the atmosphere? | hydrogen chloride | oxygen | helium | carbon dioxide | Forests are also being destroyed. Trees may be cut down for their wood, or they may be burned to clear the land for farming. Burning wood releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. You can see how a tropical rainforest was cleared for farming in Figure below . With forests shrinking, there are fewer trees to rem... |
The largest region of each of the palatine bone is the what? | magnetic plate | big plate | abnormal plate | horizontal plate | Palatine Bone The palatine bone is one of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that contribute small areas to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and the medial wall of each orbit. The largest region of each of the palatine bone is the horizontal plate. The plates from the right and left palatine bones join together at... |
What does viscosity do to liquids? | responsive to flowing | condusive to flowing | salinity to flowing | resistant to flowing | Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flowing. You can think of it as friction between particles of liquid. Thicker liquids are more viscous than thinner liquids. For example, the honey pictured in the Figure below is more viscous than the vinegar. You can learn more about viscosity at this URL: http://chemed. chem. wi... |
What system is involved in diseases that include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis? | digestion system | circulatory system | nervous system | immune system | One example is type 1 diabetes . In this disease, the immune system attacks cells of the pancreas. Other examples are multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In multiple sclerosis , the immune system attacks nerve cells. This causes weakness and pain. In rheumatoid arthritis , the immune system attacks the cells o... |
What are are organisms that feed on small pieces of organic matter? | waste feeders | bottom feeders | difference feeders | deposit feeders | Deposit feeders, which are organisms that feed on small pieces of organic matter, usually in the top layer of soil. Sea cucumbers are deposit feeders, living on the ocean floor. They eat the tiny scrap particles that are usually abundant in the environments that they inhabit. |
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